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International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2020The bone microenvironment is an ideal fertile soil for both primary and secondary tumors to seed. The occurrence and development of osteosarcoma, as a primary bone... (Review)
Review
The bone microenvironment is an ideal fertile soil for both primary and secondary tumors to seed. The occurrence and development of osteosarcoma, as a primary bone tumor, is closely related to the bone microenvironment. Especially, the metastasis of osteosarcoma is the remaining challenge of therapy and poor prognosis. Increasing evidence focuses on the relationship between the bone microenvironment and osteosarcoma metastasis. Many elements exist in the bone microenvironment, such as acids, hypoxia, and chemokines, which have been verified to affect the progression and malignance of osteosarcoma through various signaling pathways. We thoroughly summarized all these regulators in the bone microenvironment and the transmission cascades, accordingly, attempting to furnish hints for inhibiting osteosarcoma metastasis via the amelioration of the bone microenvironment. In addition, analysis of the cross-talk between the bone microenvironment and osteosarcoma will help us to deeply understand the development of osteosarcoma. The cellular and molecular protagonists presented in the bone microenvironment promoting osteosarcoma metastasis will accelerate the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies towards osteosarcoma.
Topics: Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Osteosarcoma; Signal Transduction; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 32977425
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196985 -
Annals of Oncology : Official Journal... Oct 2010The successful treatment of patients with osteosarcoma requires close cooperation within an experienced multidisciplinary team including pediatric or medical... (Review)
Review
The successful treatment of patients with osteosarcoma requires close cooperation within an experienced multidisciplinary team including pediatric or medical oncologists, surgeons, pathologists and radiologists. Therefore, therapy should be performed in specialized centers able to provide access to the full spectrum of care. As in other rare malignancies, treatment should be administered within prospective multicenter trials. Therapy must include complete surgical removal of all detectable tumor sites as well as multiagent chemotherapy. The chemotherapy regimen should include several or all of the following four drugs: doxorubicin, high-dose methotrexate with leukovorin-rescue, cisplatin and ifosfamide. Preoperative (neoadjuvant) plus postoperative (adjuvant) polychemotherapy should be preferred, because it allows preparation for safe surgery and preparation of the appropriate prosthesis for the individual patient. The choice of the postponed definitive surgical procedure should be influenced by the anatomical site of the primary tumor, its relationship to neighboring structures, such as vessels and nerves, age and growth potential of the patient, and probably also by the response of the tumor to preoperative chemotherapy. A major, as yet unsolved, problem is the dismal prognosis for patients with unresectable or relapsed osteosarcomas. Novel approaches are needed in order to improve their prognosis.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Osteosarcoma; Prognosis; Recurrence
PubMed: 20943636
DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq276 -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Jun 2010In the United States, cancer is the second most common cause of death and it is expected that about 562,340 Americans will have died of cancer in 2009. Bone cancer pain... (Review)
Review
In the United States, cancer is the second most common cause of death and it is expected that about 562,340 Americans will have died of cancer in 2009. Bone cancer pain is common in patients with advanced breast, prostate, and lung cancer as these tumors have a remarkable affinity to metastasize to bone. Once tumors metastasize to bone, they are a major cause of morbidity and mortality as the tumor induces significant skeletal remodeling, fractures, pain, and anemia. Currently, the factors that drive cancer pain are poorly understood. However, several recently introduced models of bone cancer pain, which closely mirror the human condition, are providing insight into the mechanisms that drive bone cancer pain and guide the development of mechanism-based therapies to treat the cancer pain. Several of these mechanism-based therapies have now entered human clinical trials. If successful, these therapies have the potential to significantly enlarge the repertoire of modalities that can be used to treat bone cancer pain and improve the quality of life, functional status, and survival of patients with bone cancer.
Topics: Acidosis; Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Bone and Bones; Breast Neoplasms; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mice; Neoplasm Metastasis; Osteoclasts; Pain; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sarcoma; United States
PubMed: 20536932
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05429.x -
Cancer Letters Feb 2017Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumour in children and adolescents and advanced osteosarcoma patients with evidence of metastasis share a poor prognosis.... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumour in children and adolescents and advanced osteosarcoma patients with evidence of metastasis share a poor prognosis. Osteosarcoma frequently gains resistance to standard therapies highlighting the need for improved treatment regimens and identification of novel therapeutic targets. Cancer stem cells (CSC) represent a sub-type of tumour cells attributed to critical steps in cancer including tumour propagation, therapy resistance, recurrence and in some cases metastasis. Recent published work demonstrates evidence of cancer stem cell phenotypes in osteosarcoma with links to drug resistance and tumorigenesis. In this review we will discuss the commonly used isolation techniques for cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma as well as the identified biochemical and molecular markers.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Neoplasms; Cell Separation; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Humans; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Osteosarcoma; Phenotype
PubMed: 27894960
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.11.019 -
Cells Jun 2021Despite the remarkable advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer patients, the presence or development of metastasis remains an incurable condition. Bone... (Review)
Review
Despite the remarkable advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer patients, the presence or development of metastasis remains an incurable condition. Bone is one of the most frequent sites of distant dissemination and negatively impacts on patient's survival and overall frailty. The interplay between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment induces bone destruction and tumor progression. To date, the clinical management of bone metastatic breast cancer encompasses anti-tumor systemic therapies along with bone-targeting agents, aimed at slowing bone resorption to reduce the risk of skeletal-related events. However, their effect on patients' survival remains controversial. Unraveling the biology that governs the interplay between breast neoplastic cells and bone tissue would provide means for the development of new therapeutic agents. This article outlines the state-of-the art in the characterization and targeting the bone metastasis in breast cancer, focusing on the major clinical and translational studies on this clinically relevant topic.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Bone Resorption; Breast Neoplasms; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Survival Rate; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 34199522
DOI: 10.3390/cells10061377 -
Pediatric Radiology Aug 2022Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign but locally aggressive lesion that predominantly affects children and young adults. ABC, which accounts for approximately 70% of... (Review)
Review
Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign but locally aggressive lesion that predominantly affects children and young adults. ABC, which accounts for approximately 70% of the cases, is now recognized to be a true neoplasm, whereas ABC-like changes associated to other bone neoplasms (also referred in the literature as secondary ABC) accounts for the remaining 30%. The solid variant of ABC is also considered a true neoplasm but is rare. ABC can involve any bone in the body, and although it has a metaphyseal preference, it can involve any part of a bone and soft tissues. As with any bone tumor, the initial evaluation of ABCs should be done with radiographs followed by magnetic resonance imaging or less frequently computed tomography for further characterization. The imaging appearance of ABC is variable; however, a lytic and expansile lesion with fluid-fluid levels is the most common presentation. The main differential diagnosis of an ABC in the pediatric population is unicameral bone cyst (UBC) and telangiectatic osteosarcoma, therefore a biopsy is recommended before treatment. The therapeutic options of ABC range from curettage with or without adjuncts such as phenol, liquid nitrogen, argon laser and bone grafting or bone substitutes to more recently employed alternatives such as image-guided sclerotherapy with various sclerosing agents and monoclonal antibodies (e.g., Denosumab).
Topics: Bone Cysts; Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Humans; Osteosarcoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 35941207
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05396-6 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2020Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents. Due to micrometastatic spread, radical surgery alone rarely results in cure.... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents. Due to micrometastatic spread, radical surgery alone rarely results in cure. Introduction of combination chemotherapy in the 1970s, however, dramatically increased overall survival rates from 20% to approximately 70%. Unfortunately, large clinical trials aiming to intensify treatment in the past decades have failed to achieve higher cure rates. In this review, we revisit how the heterogenous nature of osteosarcoma as well as acquired and intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy can account for stagnation in therapy improvement. We summarise current osteosarcoma treatment strategies focusing on molecular determinants of treatment susceptibility and resistance. Understanding therapy susceptibility and resistance provides a basis for rational therapy betterment for both identifying patients that might be cured with less toxic interventions and targeting resistance mechanisms to sensitise resistant osteosarcoma to conventional therapies.
Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bone Neoplasms; Disease-Free Survival; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Humans; Osteosarcoma; Survival Rate
PubMed: 32961800
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186885 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Jul 2018Clinical outcome prediction is major concern to patients with cancer. Various molecular markers in various carcinomas have been identified in the past few decades.... (Review)
Review
Clinical outcome prediction is major concern to patients with cancer. Various molecular markers in various carcinomas have been identified in the past few decades. However, accurate predictors in chondrosarcoma have not been developed, even though chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary bone tumour. Chondrosarcoma is the cartilage-forming malignancy and shows a wide spectrum of clinicopathological behaviours. The majority of chondrosarcoma grows slowly and rarely metastasises, and adequate surgery leads to a good prognosis. However, wide surgical excision is acquired in high-grade chondrosarcoma, because this tumour is highly resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. To decide best therapy, accurate diagnostic markers are also necessary in chondrosarcoma. It is reported that angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis increase by chondrosarcoma staging, and they are promoted by leptin and adiponectin. Several microRNAs to regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and VEGF-C are also reported. Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase and periostin are proposed as new biomarkers for differential diagnosis of enchondroma and chondrosarcoma. This review summarises that chondrosarcoma diagnostic markers are currently reported.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Bone Neoplasms; Chondrosarcoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Staging; Predictive Value of Tests
PubMed: 29593061
DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205071 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery (Hong... Apr 2013To review records of 8 patients with telangiectatic osteosarcoma (TOS) and determine whether pathologic fractures correlate with recurrence and survival.
PURPOSE
To review records of 8 patients with telangiectatic osteosarcoma (TOS) and determine whether pathologic fractures correlate with recurrence and survival.
METHODS
Records of 4 men and 4 women aged 17 to 44 (mean, 28) years treated for TOS were reviewed. RESULTS; Of the 8 patients, 4 developed a pathologic fracture and 4 did not. In each group, 2 patients underwent limb salvage surgery and 2 underwent amputation. All patients received neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy with a combination of at least 2 of the following drugs: doxorubicin, methotrexate, cisplatin, and vincristin. After a mean follow-up of 5.6 (range, 2-16) years, all 4 patients with a pathologic fracture and 2 of the 4 patients without a pathologic fracture were still alive and disease-free. For the remaining patients, one died after 31 months from progression of a lung metastasis, and the other was alive with the disease and had had 2 recurrences, a lung metastasis, and an infection with Klebsiella oxytoca that eventually led to an amputation.
CONCLUSION
The presence of a pathologic fracture in patients with TOS was not associated with worse outcome in terms of recurrence and survival.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Fractures, Spontaneous; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Osteosarcoma; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Young Adult
PubMed: 23629998
DOI: 10.1177/230949901302100124 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Jan 2018Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone neoplasm with a reported incidence of 2-3% among all bone primary tumors. Although it is a small and benign lesion, it is often cause of... (Review)
Review
Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone neoplasm with a reported incidence of 2-3% among all bone primary tumors. Although it is a small and benign lesion, it is often cause of patient complaint and discomfort. It is generally characterized by a long lasting, unremitting pain that typically exacerbates at night, often leading to sleep deprivation and functional limitation of the skeletal segment involved, with a significant reduction of patient daily life activities and consequent worsening of the overall quality of life. Over decades, complete surgical resection has represented the only curative treatment for symptomatic patients. In the last years, new percutaneous ablation techniques, especially radiofrequency ablation, have been reported to be a safe and effective alternative to classical surgery, with a low complication and recurrence rate, and a significant reduction in hospitalization cost and duration. The aim of this article is to provide an overview about the radiofrequency thermal ablation procedure in the treatment of osteoid osteoma.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional; Osteoma, Osteoid; Radiofrequency Ablation; Radiography, Interventional
PubMed: 29350646
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v89i1-S.7021