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Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and... Sep 2004
Review
Topics: Botulinum Toxins; Botulism; Clostridium; Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium tetani; Humans; Tetanus; Tetanus Toxin
PubMed: 15316043
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.046102 -
The Journal of Pediatrics Feb 2018To ascertain the actual diagnoses of 76 patients (2005-2015) whose clinical presentations so closely resembled infant botulism that the patients were treated with Human...
OBJECTIVE
To ascertain the actual diagnoses of 76 patients (2005-2015) whose clinical presentations so closely resembled infant botulism that the patients were treated with Human Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous (BIG-IV; BabyBIG), but whose illnesses subsequently were not laboratory confirmed as infant botulism ("clinical mimics" of infant botulism).
STUDY DESIGN
The California Department of Public Health produces BIG-IV and distributes it nationwide as a public service (ie, not-for-profit) orphan drug to treat patients hospitalized with suspected infant botulism. During the study period, admission records and discharge summaries for all patients treated with BIG-IV but who lacked a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of infant botulism were collected and abstracted. The patients' discharge diagnoses were identified, categorized, and compared with previously reported clinical mimics categories for 32 patients (1992-2005).
RESULTS
From 2005 to 2015, 76 clinical mimic illnesses were identified. These illnesses were distributed into the 5 categories previously reported of (1) probable infant botulism lacking confirmatory testing (26.3%); (2) spinal muscular atrophy (19.7%); (3) miscellaneous (15.8%); (4) metabolic disorders (11.8%); and (5) other infectious diseases (10.6%). Of the 76 clinical mimic illnesses, 15.8% had no alternate diagnosis established and were therefore categorized as undetermined.
CONCLUSIONS
Over the 23 years 1992-2015, patients presenting with illnesses so clinically similar to infant botulism that they were treated with BIG-IV had actual diagnoses that were distributed into 5 main categories. These categories and their individual components constitute a working bedside differential diagnosis of infant botulism.
Topics: Botulism; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Infant; United States
PubMed: 29229451
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.09.044 -
Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria Dec 2022Botulism is a rare and potentially fatal neuroparalytic syndrome caused by the gram-positive anaerobe spore-forming bacterium . The microorganism produces a neurotoxin...
BACKGROUND
Botulism is a rare and potentially fatal neuroparalytic syndrome caused by the gram-positive anaerobe spore-forming bacterium . The microorganism produces a neurotoxin that inhibits the presynaptic release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, clinically leading to a myasthenic syndrome.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the recent outbreak of botulism cases and its demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics.
METHODS
We report 4 patients with botulism in the recent outbreak occurred between 2017 and 2019 in the state of Amazon.
RESULTS
Out of four patients with botulism, three contracted it from eating contaminated food and one had wound botulism. We emphasize the excellent clinical outcome of the different disease presentations in our case series.
CONCLUSION
The temporal proximity of these reports may suggest a new rise in the number of cases in the upcoming years. A possible hypothesis is that the rarity of the disease decreased the awareness regarding the primary prevention or even a diagnosis by an untrained physician.
Topics: Humans; Botulism; Botulinum Toxins; Brazil; Clostridium botulinum; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 36580960
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758651 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2021Outbreaks of wound botulism are rare, but clinicians and health departments should maintain suspicion for signs, symptoms, and risk factors of wound botulism among... (Review)
Review
Outbreaks of wound botulism are rare, but clinicians and health departments should maintain suspicion for signs, symptoms, and risk factors of wound botulism among persons who inject drugs in order to initiate treatment quickly. This report describes an outbreak of three wound botulism cases among persons in two adjacent counties who injected drugs. Provisional information about these cases was previously published in the CDC National Botulism Surveillance Summary. All three cases in this outbreak were laboratory-confirmed, including one case with detection of botulinum toxin type A in a wound culture sample taken 43 days after last possible heroin exposure. Findings highlight the delay in diagnosis which led to prolonged hospitalization and the persistence of botulinum toxin in one patient.
Topics: Botulism; Drug Users; Heroin; Humans; New Mexico; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; Wound Infection
PubMed: 34976915
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.744179 -
Toxicology Sep 2015Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A), the most potent toxin known in nature which causes botulism, is a commonly used therapeutic protein. It prevents synaptic vesicle... (Review)
Review
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A), the most potent toxin known in nature which causes botulism, is a commonly used therapeutic protein. It prevents synaptic vesicle neuroexocytosis by proteolytic cleavage of synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25). It is widely believed that BoNT/A therapeutic or toxic actions are exclusively mediated by SNAP-25 cleavage. On the other hand, in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that several BoNT/A actions related to neuroexocytosis, cell cycle and apoptosis, neuritogenesis and gene expression are not necessarily mediated by this widely accepted mechanism of action. In present review we summarize the literature evidence which point to the existence of unknown BoNT/A molecular target(s) and modulation of unknown signaling pathways. The effects of BoNT/A apparently independent of SNAP-25 occur at similar doses/concentrations known to induce SNAP-25 cleavage and prevention of neurotransmitter release. Accordingly, these effects might be pharmacologically significant. Potentially the most interesting are observations of antimitotic and antitumor activity of BoNT/A. However, the exact mechanisms require further studies.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Botulism; Cell Cycle; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Exocytosis; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Neurites; Neurogenesis; Neurons; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Signal Transduction; Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25
PubMed: 26169827
DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.07.003 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Jun 2011In this review of the literature devoted to the use of honey, the authors analyse the composition, indications, benefits and adverse effects of this product in... (Review)
Review
In this review of the literature devoted to the use of honey, the authors analyse the composition, indications, benefits and adverse effects of this product in otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery. Published data indicate that honey applied topically to skin and mucosal wounds and/or burns and administered orally as antitussive medication (after the first year of life) is highly effective with no adverse effects. The physiological action of honey is the result of various mechanisms (osmotic, detersion, bactericidal action). Various medicinal honeys are available worldwide, but only one has Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of wounds. After the first year of life, the use of food honey appears to be as effective as medicinal honey, while decreasing the overall cost of treatment.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Botulism; Honey; Humans; Otolaryngology; Radiation Injuries; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 21310682
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2010.12.002 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Mar 1978
Topics: Botulism; Clostridium botulinum; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases
PubMed: 343901
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Epidemiology and Global... Dec 2020Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disease caused by toxins produced by several species. This work presents the surveillance results of botulism in Iran, with the...
BACKGROUND
Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disease caused by toxins produced by several species. This work presents the surveillance results of botulism in Iran, with the distribution of the cases by regions and by vehicle of transmission.
METHODS
We describe the findings of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) surveillance on 2037 suspected cases of food-borne botulism during 2007-2017.
RESULTS
A total of 252 (12.3%) cases were confirmed to food-borne botulism. The mean annual incidence per 100,000 Iranian Natives was 7.1 cases for male individuals and 3.3 cases for female individuals. All botulism events were confirmed to be foodborne. The most commonly implicated food was home-prepared traditional processed fish product, followed by the consumption of commercially canned products and non-pasteurized dairy products. Forty-eight (19%) fatal botulism were reported which, the case-fatality rate declined from 4.5% to 0.7% during the study period.
CONCLUSION
Laboratory-based diagnosis of botulism is an imperative procedure to elucidate cases, particularly food-borne botulism, to identify toxins in food and confirm clinical diagnosis, helping sanitary control measures. In addition, educational materials related to botulism prevention should be disseminated to different communities.
Topics: Botulism; Female; Humans; Iran; Male; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32959610
DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.200517.001 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Jun 1989A 4 month old boy presented with respiratory difficulty and hypotonia. Clostridium botulinum and its toxin were isolated from his faeces and he had electromyographic...
A 4 month old boy presented with respiratory difficulty and hypotonia. Clostridium botulinum and its toxin were isolated from his faeces and he had electromyographic changes typical of infantile botulism. This is only the second case in the United Kingdom: unfamiliarity with the presentation could result in misdiagnosis.
Topics: Botulism; Clostridium botulinum; Feces; Humans; Infant; Male
PubMed: 2673055
DOI: 10.1136/adc.64.6.871 -
Current Topics in Microbiology and... 2013Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent human toxins known and the causative agent of botulism, and are widely used as valuable pharmaceuticals. The BoNTs are... (Review)
Review
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent human toxins known and the causative agent of botulism, and are widely used as valuable pharmaceuticals. The BoNTs are modular proteins consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain linked by a disulfide bond. Intoxication of neuronal cells by BoNTs is a multi-step process including specific cell binding, endocytosis, conformational change in the endosome, translocation of the enzymatic light chain into the cells cytosol, and SNARE target cleavage. The quantitative and reliable potency determination of fully functional BoNTs produced as active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) requires an assay that considers all steps in the intoxication pathway. The in vivo mouse bioassay has for years been the 'gold standard' assay used for this purpose, but it requires the use of large numbers of mice and thus causes associated costs and ethical concerns. Cell-based assays are currently the only in vitro alternative that detect fully functional BoNTs in a single assay and have been utilized for years for research purposes. Within the last 5 years, several cell-based BoNT detection assays have been developed that are able to quantitatively determine BoNT potency with similar or greater sensitivity than the mouse bioassay. These assays now offer an alternative method for BoNT potency determination. Such quantitative and reliable BoNT potency determination is a crucial step in basic research, in the development of pharmaceutical BoNTs, and in the quantitative detection of neutralizing antibodies.
Topics: Animal Use Alternatives; Animals; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Biological Assay; Botulinum Toxins; Botulism; Cell Line, Tumor; Clostridium botulinum; Embryonic Stem Cells; Humans; Immunoassay; Mice; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Protein Transport; SNARE Proteins
PubMed: 23239357
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-33570-9_12