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Archives Animal Breeding 2023The aim of the study was to compare carcass composition and physicochemical and sensory attributes of breast and leg meat from native Mexican guajolote () as influenced...
The aim of the study was to compare carcass composition and physicochemical and sensory attributes of breast and leg meat from native Mexican guajolote () as influenced by sex. For this, slaughter weight and carcass characteristics of male () and female () guajolotes raised traditionally under extensive systems with similar housing and feeding conditions were recorded. Also, physical characteristics, proximate composition, the fatty acid profile, and sensory attributes were determined in breast and leg meat using standard procedures. The results showed that males had higher () slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weights, and dressing percentage, as well as carcass part weights, while females had higher () abdominal fat weights than males. The lightness (), yellowness (), and drip loss values of breast meat, as well as redness () and water-holding capacity values of leg meat, were significantly () influenced by sex. Male breast meat had higher () moisture content, crude protein, erucic acid (C22:1n9), MUFAs (total monounsaturated fatty acids), UFAs (unsaturated fatty acids), DFAs (desirable fatty acids), UFA SFA (total saturated fatty acid) ratio, PUFA (total polyunsaturated fatty acid) SFA ratio, and chewiness scores than females. Likewise, leg meat from males showed higher () ash content, myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7), SFAs, OFAs (odd fatty acids), thrombogenic index, and atherogenic index, whereas females had high fat content. In conclusion, it would be suggested that, from a nutritional point of view, the meat from male guajolotes was preferable to the meat from females.
PubMed: 38111389
DOI: 10.5194/aab-66-341-2023 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2023In the current era, it is important to consider economic and ecological sustainability issues while optimally meeting the nutrient needs of poultry. The use and research...
In the current era, it is important to consider economic and ecological sustainability issues while optimally meeting the nutrient needs of poultry. The use and research of alternative feedstuffs have gained importance due to these factors. The aim of this study is to reveal the raw lupin seeds' nutrient ingredients as an alternative feedstuff and the effects of debittering methods. In the present study, two different treatments (germination for 2 days; heat treatment in an autoclave at 130 °C for 20 min) were applied to white and blue lupin seeds, and the differences in nutrient compositions between them and raw seeds were determined. When fatty acid compositions were analyzed, oleic, γ-linolenic, arachidic, behenic, erucic, and lignoceric acid values were found to be the highest in the raw, autoclaved, and germinated forms of white lupin ( < 0.01). The highest values of palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids were observed in blue lupin ( < 0.01). While the value of total quinolizidine alkaloids (QA) in raw white lupin grains was higher than 1.943 mg/g, it was higher than 1.800 mg/g in autoclaved and germination-treated grains. Similarly, the total QA value of raw blue lupin grains was 0.894 mg/g, 0.609 ± 0.244 mg/g in germination-treated seeds, and 0.705 ± 0.282 mg/g in autoclave-treated seeds. As a result of these findings, it can be said that the methods applied for the removal of bitterness gave promising results. Furthermore, it would be rewarding to use these lupin varieties in in vitro and in vivo experiments to reveal the impacts and mechanisms of debittering methods on poultry.
PubMed: 38003114
DOI: 10.3390/ani13223496 -
ACS Omega Nov 2023Oilseed rape ( L.) is an important oilseed crop. We examined the diversity of germplasm expressed at three distinct levels (i.e., morphological, biochemical, and DNA...
Oilseed rape ( L.) is an important oilseed crop. We examined the diversity of germplasm expressed at three distinct levels (i.e., morphological, biochemical, and DNA levels). In this study, 150 L. accessions with three check varieties were provided by Bioresources Conservation Institute. The germplasm was grown in field conditions for data collection of 15 quantitative and nine qualitative agro-morphological traits. The result indicated that for 15 quantitative agro-morphological traits, the highest coefficient of variation was recorded for plant height and days to flowering initiation. For nine qualitative traits, most of the accessions have a spatulate leaf, brown color seeds, yellow flowers, and erect silique attitude. The best adoptable genetically diverse exotic germplasms were selected, i.e., accessions 24178, 24881, 24199, 24214, 24242, and 24192. Based on biochemical analysis for high oil content and high oleic acid content, chakwal sarsoon and accession 24192 were selected. For high oleic and linoleic acids, accession 24181 performed best, for low erucic acid accessions 24177 and 24195. Based on molecular (SSR) markers, the top 50 selected genotypes were evaluated with 30 SSR markers. The 47 genotypes with three check varieties were clustered in six major groups; the coefficient of similarity ranged between 0.18 and 1.00. Based on SSR data, the germplasms accession 24178 and Abasin were the most diverse genotypes. These genotypes have the capacity and could be used in future breeding programs. High genetic variations were investigated through the SSR among the studied genotypes of L. The present study also concluded that SSR is a better technique for intraspecific genetic diversity. Other modern techniques should be applied such as SNIP for the investigation of a high level of genetic diversity among crop plants in the future.
PubMed: 38046330
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05688 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024The global expansion of rapeseed seed quality has been focused on maintaining glucosinolate (GSL) and erucic acid (EA) contents. However, the influence of seed GSL and...
Morpho-Physiochemical Indices and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Role of Glucosinolate and Erucic Acid in Response to Drought Stress during Seed Germination of Rapeseed.
The global expansion of rapeseed seed quality has been focused on maintaining glucosinolate (GSL) and erucic acid (EA) contents. However, the influence of seed GSL and EA contents on the germination process under drought stress remains poorly understood. Herein, 114 rapeseed accessions were divided into four groups based on GSL and EA contents to investigate their performance during seed imbibition under drought stress. Our results revealed significant variations in seed germination-related traits, particularly with higher GSL and EA, which exhibited higher germination % (G%) and lower mean germination time (MGT) under drought stress conditions. Moreover, osmoregulation, enzymatic system and hormonal regulation were improved in high GSL and high EA (HGHE) versus low GSL and low EA (LGLE) seeds, indicating the essential protective role of GSL and EA during the germination process in response to drought stress. The transcriptional regulation mechanism for coordinating GSL-EA-related pathways in response to drought stress during seed imbibition was found to involve the differential expression of sugar metabolism-, antioxidant-, and hormone-related genes with higher enrichment in HGHE compared to LGLE seeds. GO enrichment analysis showed higher variations in transcription regulator activity and DNA-binding transcription factors, as well as ATP and microtubule motor activity in GSL-EA-related pathways. Furthermore, KEGG analysis identified cellular processes, environmental information processing, and metabolism categories, with varied gene participation between GSL, EA and GSL-EA-related pathways. For further clarification, QY7 (LGLE) seeds were primed with different concentrations of GSL and EA under drought stress conditions. The results showed that 200 μmol/L of GSL and 400 μmol/L of EA significantly improved G%, MGT, and seedling fresh weight, besides regulating stress and fatty acid responsive genes during the seed germination process under drought stress conditions. Conclusively, exogenous application of GSL and EA is considered a promising method for enhancing the drought tolerance of LGLE seeds. Furthermore, the current investigation could provide a theoretical basis of GSL and EA roles and their underlying mechanisms in stress tolerance during the germination process.
Topics: Germination; Brassica napus; Glucosinolates; Droughts; Seeds; Brassica rapa; Gene Expression Profiling; Erucic Acids
PubMed: 38542283
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063308 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2023The objective of this study was to determine the influence of supplementing the diet of growing-finishing pigs with glycerin and/or a mixture of vitamin C and...
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of supplementing the diet of growing-finishing pigs with glycerin and/or a mixture of vitamin C and niacinamide on carcass traits and pork quality. Eighty-four weaned piglets with an initial average body weight of 20.35 ± 2.14 kg were assigned, at random, to four groups for a 103-day feeding experiment: control; glycerin-supplemented group; vitamin C and niacinamide-supplemented group; and glycerin, vitamin C and niacinamide-supplemented group. At the end of the experiment, three pigs/group were randomly selected and slaughtered, and samples were collected for analysis. The results indicated that supplementing crossbred pigs with glycerin, vitamin C and niacinamide simultaneously increased the redness (a*) value ( < 0.05), glycerol content ( < 0.01) and myristoleic acid content ( < 0.01) in the and tended to increase the level of flavor amino acids, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and erucic acid, as well as the percentage and density of type I myofibers in the and the muscle. Glycerin had an influence ( < 0.01) on the erucic acid content in the and the muscle, and vitamin C and niacinamide had an interaction effect ( < 0.05) on the redness (a*) value of the . Glycerin, vitamin C and niacinamide supplementation in the diet of crossbred pigs improved the color, flavor and nutritional value of pork, which contributed to an increased intent to purchase this product.
PubMed: 38066986
DOI: 10.3390/ani13233635 -
Heliyon Jun 2023A major challenge in the biodiesel industry is the availability of high-quality vegetable oil feedstocks. Thus, there is a continuous search for quality biodiesel...
A major challenge in the biodiesel industry is the availability of high-quality vegetable oil feedstocks. Thus, there is a continuous search for quality biodiesel feedstock whose production will trigger economic impact on the agricultural sector, minimize land degradation and without significant disruption to the food chain. In this work, we extracted and analysed oil from neglected and underutilized Cucumeropsis mannii seeds for their potential in biodiesel production. The oil content of seed was 40.8 ± 0.56%. GC-MS analysis of the oil revealed the presence of 47.0% saturated fatty (predominantly palmitic acid, stearic acid) and 53.0% of unsaturated fatty acids (predominantly oleic, linoleic and erucic acids). The physicochemical properties were determined and values were as follows: iodine value (111.07 ± 0.15 g/100 g), saponification value (192.03 ± 0.37 mg/kg of oil), peroxide value (2.60 ± 0.10 meq/kg), acid value (4.20 ± 0.02 mgKOH/g) free fatty acid (2.51 ± 0.02%), relative density (0.93 ± 0.02), the refractive index at 28 °C (1.46 ± 0.04) and viscosity at 30 °C (3.00 ± 0.10 mm/s). The fuel properties namely, cloud point, pour point, flash point and caloric value were determined and the values were 3.03 ± 0.11 °C, 1.00 ± 0.10 °C, 279.04 ± 0.99 °C and 31.10 ± 0.11 MJ/kg, respectively. In addition, the protein content of the defatted seed was found to be 47.4 ± 0.61 g/100 g. The defatted protein-rich cakes can be upgraded as a food additive; thus the seed oil can serve as biodiesel feedstock without altering the food chain. These characteristics demonstrate the potential of oil as a high-quality feedstock for biodiesel production. We envisage that its utilization as biodiesel feedstock will improve the market value of these seeds, thus supporting the economic development of local farmers in rural areas.
PubMed: 37303580
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16799 -
Metabolites Nov 2023is a source of nutritionally important bioactive chemical compounds, mainly antioxidants, which strengthen the immune system and can be used in the prophylaxis and...
as a Source of Bioactive Chemical Compounds with an Important Role in Human Health and Comparison of the Antioxidant Potential of Fruits and Juice of Three Repeat-Fruiting L. Cultivars.
is a source of nutritionally important bioactive chemical compounds, mainly antioxidants, which strengthen the immune system and can be used in the prophylaxis and adjuvant therapies of many oxidative stress-induced diseases. There are no literature reports presenting a comprehensive comparative analysis of the antioxidant activity and nutritionally relevant metabolites contained in the fruits of repeat-fruiting raspberry cultivars, which are commonly grown in Europe. The aim of this study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the antioxidant potential (Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH, FRAP), the content of selected primary and secondary metabolites, and the qualitative and quantitative composition of amino acids and fatty acids in the fruits of cv. 'Pokusa', 'Polana', and 'Polka'. The fruits of the analyzed cultivars have a low caloric value (171-219 kcal/100 g); low content of available carbohydrates (6-6.6%) and total carbohydrates (3.4-4.8%); and high levels of dietary fiber (4.7-5.8%), vitamin C (22.8-27 mg/100 g), anthocyanins (25.1-29.6 mg/100 g), and flavonoids (0.5-2.6 mg/100 g). The fruits were found to contain valuable unsaturated fatty acids (35-60%), especially MUFAs with dominant oleic, elaidic, palmitic, and erucic acids and PUFAs (α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and linoleic acids). MUFAs from the ω-9 group accounted for 12-18%, whereas the content of PUFAs from the ω-3 and ω-6 groups was in the range of 15-23 and 6-21%, respectively. Exogenous amino acids, accounting for 56-62%, were dominated by leucine, phenylalanine, and lysine. The following order of the total polyphenolic content was established in the fresh fruit juice from the analyzed cultivars: 'Pokusa' < 'Polana' < 'Polka'. The different antioxidant capacity assays used in the study confirmed the high antioxidant potential of the fruits and fresh juice from the three cultivars. This indicates that raspberry fruits can serve as a source of nutrients and can be used as a valuable supplement in a healthy human diet and a raw material in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
PubMed: 37999220
DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111124 -
Plant Biotechnology Journal Sep 2023Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.), a member of the Brassicaceae family, produces seed oil high in erucic acid, suitable for biodiesel and aviation fuel. Although...
Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.), a member of the Brassicaceae family, produces seed oil high in erucic acid, suitable for biodiesel and aviation fuel. Although pennycress, a winter annual, could be grown as a dedicated bioenergy crop, an increase in its seed oil content is required to improve its economic competitiveness. The success of crop improvement relies upon finding the right combination of biomarkers and targets, and the best genetic engineering and/or breeding strategies. In this work, we combined biomass composition with metabolomic and transcriptomic studies of developing embryos from 22 pennycress natural variants to identify targets for oil improvement. The selected accession collection presented diverse levels of fatty acids at maturity ranging from 29% to 41%. Pearson correlation analyses, weighted gene co-expression network analysis and biomarker identifications were used as complementary approaches to detect associations between metabolite level or gene expression and oil content at maturity. The results indicated that improving seed oil content can lead to a concomitant increase in the proportion of erucic acid without affecting the weight of embryos. Processes, such as carbon partitioning towards the chloroplast, lipid metabolism, photosynthesis, and a tight control of nitrogen availability, were found to be key for oil improvement in pennycress. Besides identifying specific targets, our results also provide guidance regarding the best timing for their modification, early or middle maturation. Thus, this work lays out promising strategies, specific for pennycress, to accelerate the successful development of lines with increased seed oil content for biofuel applications.
Topics: Transcriptome; Erucic Acids; Plant Breeding; Brassicaceae; Plant Oils; Seeds
PubMed: 37335591
DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14101 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jan 2024Fats, oils, and grease (FOG) in wastewater generated by commercial food establishments can cause severe environmental damage if not adequately treated. Grease...
Fats, oils, and grease (FOG) in wastewater generated by commercial food establishments can cause severe environmental damage if not adequately treated. Grease interceptors (GIs) are an effective solution to limit FOG disposal into the sewer, but their efficiency greatly depends on the wastewater's characteristics. This laboratory study examined the physical and chemical properties of synthetic FOG wastewater from handwashing sinks and dishwashers using cooked animal fats and oils, some food solids and the same amount of detergent to explore the impact of dishwashers on key FOG components that contribute to FOG depositions. Results showed that dishwasher-generated wastewater had a significant influence on fatty acid (FA) transformations, particularly in producing very long chain saturated FAs. Relative proportions of FAs revealed a considerable proportion of very long chain FAs, such as palmitoleic (C16:1), linoleic (C18:2), α-linolenic (C18:3), arachidic (C20:0), paullinic (C20:1), behenic (C22:0), erucic (C22:1), lignoceric (C24:0) and nervonic (C24:1), among which most were not highlighted in the real field FOG wastewater. These FAs may play a significant role in FOG solidification if not sufficiently removed before disposal to sewer. The study also found that dishwashers were able to break down FOG particles, creating smaller particles (75 % being ≤68.8 μm and 50 % being ≤7 μm), while handwashing sinks produced larger particles (50 % being ≤118 μm and 10 % being ≤7 μm and). Samples containing cooked animal fats were more likely to be fragmented into smaller sizes than cooking oils due to the impact of the dishwasher. Confocal microscopy analysis results were consistent with the particle sizes measured by laser diffraction. These distinct properties could serve as criteria for updating GI designs, limiting the amount of FOG and FAs disposed of in the sewer system and controlling solidification and blockages, which pose significant threats to the environment.
Topics: Animals; Wastewater; Sewage; Oils; Fats; Hydrocarbons
PubMed: 37898191
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168032 -
BMC Genomics Jul 2023Intramuscular fat (IMF) is closely related to the tenderness, marbling, juiciness, and flavor of meat. We used a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis to...
BACKGROUND
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is closely related to the tenderness, marbling, juiciness, and flavor of meat. We used a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation among Qinchuan cattle.
RESULTS
The IMF content was relatively high in the meat of Qinchuan cattle bulls and differed among muscle locations, namely the high rib (15.86%), ribeye (14%), striploin (10.44%), and tenderloin (8.67%). CCDC80 and the HOX gene cluster may regulate intramuscular adipose tissue deposition. Moreover, erucic acid (EA) was found to be the main metabolite in Qinchuan beef cattle, with a high concentration in IMF. The deposition of IMF could be regulated by the metabolic pathway for unsaturated fatty acids involving EA and the ACOX3, HACD2, and SCD5 genes. In addition, differentially expressed genes and metabolites were enriched in three major KEGG pathways: purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and the metabolism of glycine, serine, and threonine.
CONCLUSIONS
We identified a significant metabolite, EA, with variation in IMF. Its closely related genes, ACOX3, HACD2, and SCD5, co-regulate the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids, ultimately affecting the accumulation of intramuscular adipose tissue in Qinchuan cattle. Consequently, Qinchuan cattle are an elite cultivar for high-quality beef production and have great potential for breeding.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Male; Multiomics; Plant Breeding; Muscles; Adipose Tissue; Fabaceae
PubMed: 37391702
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09452-9