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Frontiers in Plant Science 2024(Pennycress) is an emerging feedstock for biofuel production because of its high seed oil content enriched in erucic acid. A transcriptomic and a lipidomic study were...
(Pennycress) is an emerging feedstock for biofuel production because of its high seed oil content enriched in erucic acid. A transcriptomic and a lipidomic study were performed to analyze the dynamics of gene expression, glycerolipid content and acyl-group distribution during seed maturation. Genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis were expressed at the early stages of seed maturation. Genes encoding enzymes of the Kennedy pathway like diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase ( or glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase ( increased their expression with maturation, coinciding with the increase in triacylglycerol species containing 22:1. Positional analysis showed that the most abundant triacylglycerol species contained 18:2 at position in all maturation stages, suggesting no specificity of the lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase for very long chain fatty acids. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 ( mRNA was more abundant at the initial maturation stages, coincident with the rapid incorporation of 22:1 to triacylglycerol, suggesting a coordination between Diacylglycerol acyltransferase enzymes for triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Genes encoding the phospholipid-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT1), lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) or phosphatidylcholine diacylglycerolcholine phosphotransferase (PDCT), involved in acyl-editing or phosphatidyl-choline (PC)-derived diacylglycerol (DAG) biosynthesis showed also higher expression at the early maturation stages, coinciding with a higher proportion of triacylglycerol containing C18 fatty acids. These results suggested a higher contribution of these two pathways at the early stages of seed maturation. Lipidomic analysis of the content and acyl-group distribution of diacylglycerol and phosphatidyl-choline pools was compatible with the acyl content in triacylglycerol at the different maturation stages. Our data point to a model in which a strong temporal coordination between pathways and isoforms in each pathway, both at the expression and acyl-group incorporation, contribute to high erucic triacylglycerol accumulation in Pennycress.
PubMed: 38736440
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1386023 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024The global expansion of rapeseed seed quality has been focused on maintaining glucosinolate (GSL) and erucic acid (EA) contents. However, the influence of seed GSL and...
Morpho-Physiochemical Indices and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Role of Glucosinolate and Erucic Acid in Response to Drought Stress during Seed Germination of Rapeseed.
The global expansion of rapeseed seed quality has been focused on maintaining glucosinolate (GSL) and erucic acid (EA) contents. However, the influence of seed GSL and EA contents on the germination process under drought stress remains poorly understood. Herein, 114 rapeseed accessions were divided into four groups based on GSL and EA contents to investigate their performance during seed imbibition under drought stress. Our results revealed significant variations in seed germination-related traits, particularly with higher GSL and EA, which exhibited higher germination % (G%) and lower mean germination time (MGT) under drought stress conditions. Moreover, osmoregulation, enzymatic system and hormonal regulation were improved in high GSL and high EA (HGHE) versus low GSL and low EA (LGLE) seeds, indicating the essential protective role of GSL and EA during the germination process in response to drought stress. The transcriptional regulation mechanism for coordinating GSL-EA-related pathways in response to drought stress during seed imbibition was found to involve the differential expression of sugar metabolism-, antioxidant-, and hormone-related genes with higher enrichment in HGHE compared to LGLE seeds. GO enrichment analysis showed higher variations in transcription regulator activity and DNA-binding transcription factors, as well as ATP and microtubule motor activity in GSL-EA-related pathways. Furthermore, KEGG analysis identified cellular processes, environmental information processing, and metabolism categories, with varied gene participation between GSL, EA and GSL-EA-related pathways. For further clarification, QY7 (LGLE) seeds were primed with different concentrations of GSL and EA under drought stress conditions. The results showed that 200 μmol/L of GSL and 400 μmol/L of EA significantly improved G%, MGT, and seedling fresh weight, besides regulating stress and fatty acid responsive genes during the seed germination process under drought stress conditions. Conclusively, exogenous application of GSL and EA is considered a promising method for enhancing the drought tolerance of LGLE seeds. Furthermore, the current investigation could provide a theoretical basis of GSL and EA roles and their underlying mechanisms in stress tolerance during the germination process.
Topics: Germination; Brassica napus; Glucosinolates; Droughts; Seeds; Brassica rapa; Gene Expression Profiling; Erucic Acids
PubMed: 38542283
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063308 -
Heliyon Mar 2024Rapeseed ( var. D.C.) and Ethiopian mustard ( A. Braun) are promising industrial crops for cultivation in the Southern Mediterranean area due to profitable yields under...
Rapeseed ( var. D.C.) and Ethiopian mustard ( A. Braun) are promising industrial crops for cultivation in the Southern Mediterranean area due to profitable yields under semi-arid conditions. The exploitation of raw materials produced by these crops is very convenient for farmers to produce bioenergy directly on-farm and permits them to create a short agri-energy supply chain. The purpose of this study was to determine their yield performance under rainfed conditions and make an economic assessment of a combined heat and power plant (CHP) system operating on pure vegetable oil (PVO). Tests were conducted in Sicily (Italy) from 2012 to 2014. Seed and crop residue yields were detected. The analysis of seed, defatted seed meal and crop residue, and the chemical-physical aspects of PVO were carried out according to conventional protocols. A pilot CHP system was used for cogenerating electricity and heat. In general, rapeseed had the highest seed (2.27 t ha) and oil (1.11 t ha) yields. The average oil content ranged from 44.88 % (Ethiopian mustard) to 45.73 % dry matter (rapeseed). Ethiopian mustard performed better than rapeseed in terms of aboveground biomass yield (5.49 t ha), in both years. The two crops showed different fatty acid profiles of the oil mainly due to diverse content of erucic and oleic acids. The CHP system had an average consumption of 14.41 kg PVO h. These results confirm that the productivity of the species can be appreciable in the Southern Mediterranean area and indicate the use of raw materials of these crops as crucial to the development a sustainable short agri-energy supply chain.
PubMed: 38434387
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26818 -
Journal of Oleo Science 2024This study aims to quantitatively analyze nervonic (C24:1 n-9) and erucic (C22:1 n-9) acids in human milk (HM) collected from Korean mothers, along with the infant...
This study aims to quantitatively analyze nervonic (C24:1 n-9) and erucic (C22:1 n-9) acids in human milk (HM) collected from Korean mothers, along with the infant formulas (IFs) with different fat sources and nutritional stages. The content of nervonic and erucic acids in HM from Korean mothers were 2.13 and 2.81 mg/100 g, accounting for 0.06 and 0.08% of the total fatty acids (FAs), respectively. These acids in IFs based on fat from plant-oil formula were higher than those in IFs based on cow milk formula. The composition of erucic acid in IFs based on cow milk formula and plant-oil formula increased with the nutritional stages, while nervonic acid only increased in IFs based on the plant-oil formula.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Infant; Humans; Milk, Human; Infant Formula; Erucic Acids; Asian People; Fatty Acids; Plant Oils
PubMed: 38432997
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23146 -
BMC Plant Biology Jan 2024The early allopolyploid Brassica napus was a hybrid of two Brassica species, that had undergone a whole genome duplication event followed by genome restructuring,...
BACKGROUND
The early allopolyploid Brassica napus was a hybrid of two Brassica species, that had undergone a whole genome duplication event followed by genome restructuring, including deletions and small scale duplications. A large number of homologous genes appeared functional divergence during species domestication. Due to the high conservation of de novo glycerolipid biosynthesis, multiple homologues of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) have been found in B. napus. Moreover, the functional variances among these homologous GPAT-encoding genes are unclear.
RESULTS
In this study, four B. napus homologous genes encoding glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 9 (BnaGPAT9) were characterized. Although a bioinformatics analysis indicated high protein sequence similarity, the homologues demonstrated tissue-specific expression patterns and functional divergence. Yeast genetic complementation assays revealed that BnaGPAT9-A1/C1 homologues but not BnaGPAT9-A10/C9 homologues encoded functional GPAT enzymes. Furthermore, a single nucleotide polymorphism of BnaGPAT9-C1 that occurred during the domestication process was associated with enzyme activity and contributed to the fatty acid composition. The seed-specific expression of BnGPAT9-C1 increased the erucic acid content in the transformant seeds.
CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed that BnaGPAT9 gene homologues evolved into functionally divergent forms with important roles in erucic acid biosynthesis.
Topics: Brassica napus; Glycerol; Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Seeds; Phosphates; Erucic Acids
PubMed: 38262947
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04734-0 -
Archives Animal Breeding 2023The aim of the study was to compare carcass composition and physicochemical and sensory attributes of breast and leg meat from native Mexican guajolote () as influenced...
The aim of the study was to compare carcass composition and physicochemical and sensory attributes of breast and leg meat from native Mexican guajolote () as influenced by sex. For this, slaughter weight and carcass characteristics of male () and female () guajolotes raised traditionally under extensive systems with similar housing and feeding conditions were recorded. Also, physical characteristics, proximate composition, the fatty acid profile, and sensory attributes were determined in breast and leg meat using standard procedures. The results showed that males had higher () slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weights, and dressing percentage, as well as carcass part weights, while females had higher () abdominal fat weights than males. The lightness (), yellowness (), and drip loss values of breast meat, as well as redness () and water-holding capacity values of leg meat, were significantly () influenced by sex. Male breast meat had higher () moisture content, crude protein, erucic acid (C22:1n9), MUFAs (total monounsaturated fatty acids), UFAs (unsaturated fatty acids), DFAs (desirable fatty acids), UFA SFA (total saturated fatty acid) ratio, PUFA (total polyunsaturated fatty acid) SFA ratio, and chewiness scores than females. Likewise, leg meat from males showed higher () ash content, myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7), SFAs, OFAs (odd fatty acids), thrombogenic index, and atherogenic index, whereas females had high fat content. In conclusion, it would be suggested that, from a nutritional point of view, the meat from male guajolotes was preferable to the meat from females.
PubMed: 38111389
DOI: 10.5194/aab-66-341-2023 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2023The objective of this study was to determine the influence of supplementing the diet of growing-finishing pigs with glycerin and/or a mixture of vitamin C and...
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of supplementing the diet of growing-finishing pigs with glycerin and/or a mixture of vitamin C and niacinamide on carcass traits and pork quality. Eighty-four weaned piglets with an initial average body weight of 20.35 ± 2.14 kg were assigned, at random, to four groups for a 103-day feeding experiment: control; glycerin-supplemented group; vitamin C and niacinamide-supplemented group; and glycerin, vitamin C and niacinamide-supplemented group. At the end of the experiment, three pigs/group were randomly selected and slaughtered, and samples were collected for analysis. The results indicated that supplementing crossbred pigs with glycerin, vitamin C and niacinamide simultaneously increased the redness (a*) value ( < 0.05), glycerol content ( < 0.01) and myristoleic acid content ( < 0.01) in the and tended to increase the level of flavor amino acids, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and erucic acid, as well as the percentage and density of type I myofibers in the and the muscle. Glycerin had an influence ( < 0.01) on the erucic acid content in the and the muscle, and vitamin C and niacinamide had an interaction effect ( < 0.05) on the redness (a*) value of the . Glycerin, vitamin C and niacinamide supplementation in the diet of crossbred pigs improved the color, flavor and nutritional value of pork, which contributed to an increased intent to purchase this product.
PubMed: 38066986
DOI: 10.3390/ani13233635 -
ACS Omega Nov 2023Oilseed rape ( L.) is an important oilseed crop. We examined the diversity of germplasm expressed at three distinct levels (i.e., morphological, biochemical, and DNA...
Oilseed rape ( L.) is an important oilseed crop. We examined the diversity of germplasm expressed at three distinct levels (i.e., morphological, biochemical, and DNA levels). In this study, 150 L. accessions with three check varieties were provided by Bioresources Conservation Institute. The germplasm was grown in field conditions for data collection of 15 quantitative and nine qualitative agro-morphological traits. The result indicated that for 15 quantitative agro-morphological traits, the highest coefficient of variation was recorded for plant height and days to flowering initiation. For nine qualitative traits, most of the accessions have a spatulate leaf, brown color seeds, yellow flowers, and erect silique attitude. The best adoptable genetically diverse exotic germplasms were selected, i.e., accessions 24178, 24881, 24199, 24214, 24242, and 24192. Based on biochemical analysis for high oil content and high oleic acid content, chakwal sarsoon and accession 24192 were selected. For high oleic and linoleic acids, accession 24181 performed best, for low erucic acid accessions 24177 and 24195. Based on molecular (SSR) markers, the top 50 selected genotypes were evaluated with 30 SSR markers. The 47 genotypes with three check varieties were clustered in six major groups; the coefficient of similarity ranged between 0.18 and 1.00. Based on SSR data, the germplasms accession 24178 and Abasin were the most diverse genotypes. These genotypes have the capacity and could be used in future breeding programs. High genetic variations were investigated through the SSR among the studied genotypes of L. The present study also concluded that SSR is a better technique for intraspecific genetic diversity. Other modern techniques should be applied such as SNIP for the investigation of a high level of genetic diversity among crop plants in the future.
PubMed: 38046330
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05688 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2023In the current era, it is important to consider economic and ecological sustainability issues while optimally meeting the nutrient needs of poultry. The use and research...
In the current era, it is important to consider economic and ecological sustainability issues while optimally meeting the nutrient needs of poultry. The use and research of alternative feedstuffs have gained importance due to these factors. The aim of this study is to reveal the raw lupin seeds' nutrient ingredients as an alternative feedstuff and the effects of debittering methods. In the present study, two different treatments (germination for 2 days; heat treatment in an autoclave at 130 °C for 20 min) were applied to white and blue lupin seeds, and the differences in nutrient compositions between them and raw seeds were determined. When fatty acid compositions were analyzed, oleic, γ-linolenic, arachidic, behenic, erucic, and lignoceric acid values were found to be the highest in the raw, autoclaved, and germinated forms of white lupin ( < 0.01). The highest values of palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids were observed in blue lupin ( < 0.01). While the value of total quinolizidine alkaloids (QA) in raw white lupin grains was higher than 1.943 mg/g, it was higher than 1.800 mg/g in autoclaved and germination-treated grains. Similarly, the total QA value of raw blue lupin grains was 0.894 mg/g, 0.609 ± 0.244 mg/g in germination-treated seeds, and 0.705 ± 0.282 mg/g in autoclave-treated seeds. As a result of these findings, it can be said that the methods applied for the removal of bitterness gave promising results. Furthermore, it would be rewarding to use these lupin varieties in in vitro and in vivo experiments to reveal the impacts and mechanisms of debittering methods on poultry.
PubMed: 38003114
DOI: 10.3390/ani13223496 -
Metabolites Nov 2023is a source of nutritionally important bioactive chemical compounds, mainly antioxidants, which strengthen the immune system and can be used in the prophylaxis and...
as a Source of Bioactive Chemical Compounds with an Important Role in Human Health and Comparison of the Antioxidant Potential of Fruits and Juice of Three Repeat-Fruiting L. Cultivars.
is a source of nutritionally important bioactive chemical compounds, mainly antioxidants, which strengthen the immune system and can be used in the prophylaxis and adjuvant therapies of many oxidative stress-induced diseases. There are no literature reports presenting a comprehensive comparative analysis of the antioxidant activity and nutritionally relevant metabolites contained in the fruits of repeat-fruiting raspberry cultivars, which are commonly grown in Europe. The aim of this study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the antioxidant potential (Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH, FRAP), the content of selected primary and secondary metabolites, and the qualitative and quantitative composition of amino acids and fatty acids in the fruits of cv. 'Pokusa', 'Polana', and 'Polka'. The fruits of the analyzed cultivars have a low caloric value (171-219 kcal/100 g); low content of available carbohydrates (6-6.6%) and total carbohydrates (3.4-4.8%); and high levels of dietary fiber (4.7-5.8%), vitamin C (22.8-27 mg/100 g), anthocyanins (25.1-29.6 mg/100 g), and flavonoids (0.5-2.6 mg/100 g). The fruits were found to contain valuable unsaturated fatty acids (35-60%), especially MUFAs with dominant oleic, elaidic, palmitic, and erucic acids and PUFAs (α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and linoleic acids). MUFAs from the ω-9 group accounted for 12-18%, whereas the content of PUFAs from the ω-3 and ω-6 groups was in the range of 15-23 and 6-21%, respectively. Exogenous amino acids, accounting for 56-62%, were dominated by leucine, phenylalanine, and lysine. The following order of the total polyphenolic content was established in the fresh fruit juice from the analyzed cultivars: 'Pokusa' < 'Polana' < 'Polka'. The different antioxidant capacity assays used in the study confirmed the high antioxidant potential of the fruits and fresh juice from the three cultivars. This indicates that raspberry fruits can serve as a source of nutrients and can be used as a valuable supplement in a healthy human diet and a raw material in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
PubMed: 37999220
DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111124