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Journal of Cancer Research and... 2020The study aimed to assess breast density as a risk factor for breast malignancy using automated volumetric breast density software and to study the relationship of...
PURPOSE
The study aimed to assess breast density as a risk factor for breast malignancy using automated volumetric breast density software and to study the relationship of breast density with tumor histopathological characteristics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred and thirty-four women with unilateral core biopsy-proven breast cancer were taken in the "case group." Two hundred and one women with normal bilateral screening mammograms were enrolled in the "control group." The cases and controls were further divided into pre- and post-menopausal subgroups. The mammograms of the contralateral breast of the cases and bilateral breasts of the controls were evaluated by automated volumetric breast density software and classified into four density grades. The tumor histopathological characteristics in the various density grades were also evaluated.
RESULTS
In premenopausal women, the odds of having breast cancer was significantly higher for Grade 3 breasts (odds ratio [OR] 3.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.19-7.71]) versus Grade 1 and 2 breasts. Grade 4 premenopausal breasts also had greater odds (OR 3.09; 95% CI [0.89-10.78]) of developing breast cancer. No such relationship was established for postmenopausal women. No significant difference was seen in the histopathology of breast cancer among various breast density groups.
CONCLUSION
Increased breast density can be considered as an inherent, independent risk factor for breast cancer in premenopausal women.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Breast; Breast Density; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Humans; Mammography; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Premenopause; Risk Factors; Software
PubMed: 33342781
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_568_18 -
Breast Cancer (Tokyo, Japan) May 2018In 2017, breast cancer became the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the US. After lung cancer, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality... (Review)
Review
In 2017, breast cancer became the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the US. After lung cancer, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. The breast consists of several components, including milk storage glands, milk ducts made of epithelial cells, adipose tissue, and stromal tissue. Mammographic density (MD) is based on the proportion of stromal, epithelial, and adipose tissue. Women with high MD have more stromal and epithelial cells and less fatty adipose tissue, and are more likely to develop breast cancer in their lifetime compared to women with low MD. Because of this correlation, high MD is an independent risk factor for breast cancer. Further, mammographic screening is less effective in detecting suspicious lesions in dense breast tissue, which can lead to late-stage diagnosis. Molecular differences between dense and non-dense breast tissues explain the underlying biological reasons for why women with dense breasts are at a higher risk for developing breast cancer. The goal of this review is to highlight the current molecular understanding of MD, its association with breast cancer risk, the demographics pertaining to MD, and the environmental factors that modulate MD. Finally, we will review the current legislation regarding the disclosure of MD on a traditional screening mammogram and the supplemental screening options available to women with dense breast tissue.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast; Breast Density; Breast Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Epithelial Cells; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Female; Fibroblasts; Humans; Mammography; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29651637
DOI: 10.1007/s12282-018-0857-5 -
Nature Medicine Mar 2023Synchronous bilateral breast cancer (sBBC) occurs after both breasts have been affected by the same germline genetics and environmental exposures. Little evidence exists...
Synchronous bilateral breast cancer (sBBC) occurs after both breasts have been affected by the same germline genetics and environmental exposures. Little evidence exists regarding immune infiltration and response to treatment in sBBCs. Here we show that the impact of the subtype of breast cancer on levels of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs, n = 277) and on pathologic complete response (pCR) rates (n = 140) differed according to the concordant or discordant subtype of breast cancer of the contralateral tumor: luminal breast tumors with a discordant contralateral tumor had higher TIL levels and higher pCR rates than those with a concordant contralateral tumor. Tumor sequencing revealed that left and right tumors (n = 20) were independent regarding somatic mutations, copy number alterations and clonal phylogeny, whereas primary tumor and residual disease were closely related both from the somatic mutation and from the transcriptomic point of view. Our study indicates that tumor-intrinsic characteristics may have a role in the association of tumor immunity and pCR and demonstrates that the characteristics of the contralateral tumor are also associated with immune infiltration and response to treatment.
Topics: Female; Humans; Breast Neoplasms; Breast; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 36879128
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02216-8 -
The British Journal of Radiology Feb 2023Screening mammography identifies early-stage breast cancers and is associated with reduced breast cancer mortality. An unintended consequence of breast screening is the...
Screening mammography identifies early-stage breast cancers and is associated with reduced breast cancer mortality. An unintended consequence of breast screening is the detection and diagnosis of multiple incidental benign and malignant breast lesions, including the heterogenous group of incidental benign (B3) lesions with uncertain biological outcomes and malignant potential, for which management remains controversial. Recent shifts toward more conservative management approaches, including the identification of patients who can undergo observation after vacuum-assisted excision, has gained interest. This commentary provides an overview of incidental B3 lesions and summarizes the current management paradigms for them.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Mammography; Early Detection of Cancer; Breast; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 35451861
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20211326 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2018Women's breasts are susceptible to developing cancer; this is supported by a recent study from 2016 showing that 2.8 million women worldwide had already been diagnosed... (Review)
Review
Women's breasts are susceptible to developing cancer; this is supported by a recent study from 2016 showing that 2.8 million women worldwide had already been diagnosed with breast cancer that year. The medical care of a patient with breast cancer is costly and, given the cost and value of the preservation of the health of the citizen, the prevention of breast cancer has become a priority in public health. Over the past 20 years several techniques have been proposed for this purpose, such as mammography, which is frequently used for breast cancer diagnosis. However, false positives of mammography can occur in which the patient is diagnosed positive by another technique. Additionally, the potential side effects of using mammography may encourage patients and physicians to look for other diagnostic techniques. Our review of the literature first explored infrared digital imaging, which assumes that a basic thermal comparison between a healthy breast and a breast with cancer always shows an increase in thermal activity in the precancerous tissues and the areas surrounding developing breast cancer. Furthermore, through our research, we realized that a Computer-Aided Diagnostic (CAD) undertaken through infrared image processing could not be achieved without a model such as the well-known hemispheric model. The novel contribution of this paper is the production of a comparative study of several breast cancer detection techniques using powerful computer vision techniques and deep learning models.
Topics: Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Infrared Rays; Machine Learning; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thermography
PubMed: 30149621
DOI: 10.3390/s18092799 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Jan 2022Molecular breast imaging (MBI) using Tc-sestamibi has advanced rapidly over the past decade. Technical advances allow lower-dose, higher-resolution imaging and biopsy...
Molecular breast imaging (MBI) using Tc-sestamibi has advanced rapidly over the past decade. Technical advances allow lower-dose, higher-resolution imaging and biopsy capability. MBI can be used for supplemental breast cancer screening with mammography for women with dense breasts, as well as to assess neoadjuvant therapy response, evaluate disease extent, and predict breast cancer risk. This article highlights the current state of the art and future directions in MBI.
Topics: Breast
PubMed: 34887334
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.261988 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jul 2018An increasing amount of evidence supports the benefits of fat grafting for breast augmentation, correction following breast-conserving surgery, breast reconstructions as... (Review)
Review
An increasing amount of evidence supports the benefits of fat grafting for breast augmentation, correction following breast-conserving surgery, breast reconstructions as well as correction of tuberous, hypoplastic and asymmetrical breasts. The aim of fat grafting is to create a breast with an aesthetic, natural appearance. In this review, we describe the most common indications for fat grafting of the breast and give an overview of the techniques in use as well as their associated risks and future perspectives.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Lipectomy; Lipodystrophy; Mammaplasty; Risk Factors; Stem Cell Transplantation; Tissue Expansion; Transplantation, Autologous
PubMed: 30064621
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences Sep 2020To investigate compliance to the '30% rule' and key factors which may influence visualisation of the pectoralis major muscle (PMM) on the craniocaudal (CC) view of the...
INTRODUCTION
To investigate compliance to the '30% rule' and key factors which may influence visualisation of the pectoralis major muscle (PMM) on the craniocaudal (CC) view of the breast.
METHODS
A retrospective review of 2688 paired full-field digital mammography (FFDM) CC view mammograms of women attending BreastScreen NSW between August and October 2015 was undertaken. PMM visualisation and measurements of PMM width and length, compressed breast thickness, the posterior nipple line (PNL) and age were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics to investigate associations between key breast measurements, age and PMM visualisation.
RESULTS
PMM visualisation was reported in 10.4% of images unilaterally (one breast, left or right only), 14.1% bilaterally (both left and right breasts) and 24.5% overall (unilateral and bilateral combined). There was little or no correlations between PMM length or width and age, breast compressed thickness or PNL. Multiple logistic regression analysis found that up to 15% of the variance in visualisation of the PMM was accounted for by the predictors overall. While some predictors provided a statistically significant contribution to the model, the contribution was small and the odds ratio for all predictors approximated 1.
CONCLUSION
This research could not replicate the '30% rule', and visualisation of the PMM was determined not to be influenced by the variables investigated. The significance of the 'rule' itself must be challenged where the vast majority of images (70-85%) do not comply, and there is no requirement for repeat imaging if the 'rule' is not met. Further research should be undertaken to validate this study including analysis of diagnostic images for comparison.
Topics: Breast; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Mammography; Pectoralis Muscles; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 32567806
DOI: 10.1002/jmrs.404 -
Korean Journal of Radiology Jul 2021Breast augmentation is becoming more common, be it for cosmetic reasons or post-mastectomy. Multiple articles in the literature describe the imaging findings of various... (Review)
Review
Breast augmentation is becoming more common, be it for cosmetic reasons or post-mastectomy. Multiple articles in the literature describe the imaging findings of various types of cosmetic breast augmentation. Some articles describe imaging findings for different types of post-mastectomy reconstructions. This essay aims to serve as a comprehensive reference for the multimodality imaging of various types of breast augmentations in native breast and post-mastectomy reconstructions. Familiarity with these findings will facilitate the detection of complications and new or recurrent breast malignancies in patients. With the extensive illustrations provided in this essay on normal and abnormal imaging findings of augmented breasts, readers will receive exposure that will facilitate effective practice.
Topics: Breast; Breast Implants; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Mastectomy; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 33938642
DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2020.0779 -
Medicine Jul 2022This study aimed to compare the background echotexture (BE) between automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) and handheld breast ultrasound (HHUS) and evaluate the correlation...
This study aimed to compare the background echotexture (BE) between automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) and handheld breast ultrasound (HHUS) and evaluate the correlation of BE with mammographic (MG) density and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 212 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer who had undergone preoperative ABUS, HHUS, MG, and MRI were included. Two breast radiologists blinded to the menopausal status analyzed the BE of the contralateral breasts of the patients with breast cancer in consensus. The MG density and BPE of breast MRI on the radiologic reports were compared with the BE in the ultrasound. We used the cumulative link mixed model to compare the BE and Spearman rank correlation to evaluate the association between BE with MG density and BPE. BE was more heterogeneous in ABUS than in HHUS (P < .001) and in the premenopausal group than in the postmenopausal group (P < .001). The heterogeneity of BE in the premenopausal group was higher with ABUS than with HHUS (P = .013). BE and MG density showed a moderate correlation in the postmenopausal group, but a weak correlation in the premenopausal group. BE and BPE showed moderate correlations only in the premenopausal group. ABUS showed a more heterogeneous BE, especially in the premenopausal group. Therefore, more attention is required to interpret ABUS screening in premenopausal women.
Topics: Breast; Breast Density; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Ultrasonography, Mammary
PubMed: 35801798
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029547