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PET Clinics Oct 2023Breast carcinomas classified based on traditional morphologic assessment provide useful prognostic information. Although morphology is still the gold standard of... (Review)
Review
Breast carcinomas classified based on traditional morphologic assessment provide useful prognostic information. Although morphology is still the gold standard of classification, recent advances in molecular technologies have enabled the classification of these tumors into four distinct subtypes based on its intrinsic molecular profile that provide both predictive and prognostic information. This article describes the association between the different molecular subtypes with the histologic subtypes of breast cancer and illustrates how these subtypes may affect the appearance of tumors on imaging studies.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Receptor, ErbB-2; Biomarkers, Tumor; Prognosis
PubMed: 37268505
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.04.002 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2019Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women and ranks second among causes for cancer related death in women. Evidence in literature has shown that the... (Review)
Review
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women and ranks second among causes for cancer related death in women. Evidence in literature has shown that the past and ongoing research has an enormous implication in improving the clinical outcome in breast cancer. This has been attributed to the progress made in the realm of screening, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies engaged in breast cancer management. However, poor prognosis in TNBC and drug resistance presents major inhibitions which are also current challenges for containing the disease. Similarly, a focal point of concern is the rising rate of breast cancer incidence and mortality among the population of under developed world. In this chapter, an overview of the current practices for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer and associated impediments has been provided.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Incidence; Mass Screening
PubMed: 31456179
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_4 -
Clinics in Laboratory Medicine Jun 2018The most significant contribution of molecular subtyping of breast carcinomas has been the identification of estrogen-positive and estrogen-negative tumor subtypes.... (Review)
Review
The most significant contribution of molecular subtyping of breast carcinomas has been the identification of estrogen-positive and estrogen-negative tumor subtypes. Knowledge of genetic alterations in these tumors will help clinicians identify novel therapeutic targets. Understanding the progression pathways involved in the transition of in situ carcinoma to invasive carcinoma might lead to efficient risk stratification in these patients. The Cancer Genome Analysis Network has collected genomic and epigenomic data to provide comprehensive information regarding carcinogenesis and pathway interactions. Such information improves understanding of the disease process and also provides more accurate information toward identifying targetable mutations for treatment.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
PubMed: 29776638
DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2018.02.006 -
Human Pathology Jan 1978
Review
Topics: Animals; Breast Diseases; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Mammography; Mastectomy; Mice; Oncogenic Viruses; Precancerous Conditions; Prognosis; Risk
PubMed: 344191
DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(78)80003-3 -
JAAPA : Official Journal of the... Oct 2019Each year, more than 250,000 women in the United States are diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Although overall mortality for breast cancer patients has declined, it... (Review)
Review
Each year, more than 250,000 women in the United States are diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Although overall mortality for breast cancer patients has declined, it is still the second most common cause of cancer death in women. This article provides an overview of nonmetastatic breast cancer in women, including general features, diagnostic considerations, and treatments for the most common breast cancer subtypes.
Topics: Breast Carcinoma In Situ; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Carcinoma, Lobular; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Humans; Receptor, ErbB-2; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone
PubMed: 31513033
DOI: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000580524.95733.3d -
Clinics in Laboratory Medicine Jun 2023Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MpBC) is a heterogeneous group of tumors that clinically could be divided into low risk and high risk. It is important to recognize the... (Review)
Review
Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MpBC) is a heterogeneous group of tumors that clinically could be divided into low risk and high risk. It is important to recognize the different types of MpBC, as the high-risk subtypes have worse clinical outcomes than triple-negative breast cancer. It is important for the pathologist to be aware of the MpBC entities and use the proposed algorithms (morphology and immunohistochemistry) to assist in rendering the final diagnosis. Few pitfalls are discussed, including misinterpretation of immunohistochemistry and certain histomorphologies, particularly spindle lesions associated with complex sclerosing lesions.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
PubMed: 37169444
DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2023.03.002 -
International Journal of Surgical... Apr 2021Previously considered an exceedingly rare entity, sebaceous carcinoma of the breast is now regarded in the World Health Organization 2019 classification as a "special... (Review)
Review
Previously considered an exceedingly rare entity, sebaceous carcinoma of the breast is now regarded in the World Health Organization 2019 classification as a "special histopathological pattern" of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. . In this article, we report the case of a fine needle aspiration cytology and the histopathological features of a breast carcinoma with clear-cut morphological features suggesting sebaceous differentiation, but showing no positive staining with the anti-adipophilin antibody. A morphologically clear-cut sebaceous differentiation is not invariably associated with adipophilin positivity; moreover, in breast carcinoma, adipophilin positivity does not automatically imply sebaceous differentiation. At present, immunomorphological evidence for the recognition of sebaceous carcinoma as a "special type" breast carcinoma subtype is too weak.
Topics: Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Female; Humans; Mastectomy; Middle Aged; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms; Sebaceous Glands
PubMed: 32608286
DOI: 10.1177/1066896920937784 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Jun 2013Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast is a rare and heterogeneous subtype of breast carcinoma with a generally poor outcome, and few therapeutic options once disease... (Review)
Review
Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast is a rare and heterogeneous subtype of breast carcinoma with a generally poor outcome, and few therapeutic options once disease recurs or progresses. Metaplastic carcinomas of the breast are usually of a larger size at diagnosis, with less frequent nodal metastasis compared with invasive ductal carcinoma no special type, and lack hormone and HER2 receptor expression. Recent research has revealed some potentially actionable genetic changes in a subset of these rare tumours. However, ongoing efforts to further characterise the genetic basis and the molecular alterations underlying the distinctive morphological and clinical characteristics of these tumours are needed in order to identify new targets for treatment. This review will describe the theories of pathogenesis of metaplastic breast carcinoma, and highlight genetic changes and potential therapeutic targets in this generally poor prognosis malignancy.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Female; Humans; Metaplasia; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 23372178
DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2012-201086 -
Pathobiology : Journal of... 2020The prognostic value of the immune cell infiltrate in the breast carcinoma microenvironment is still uncertain. We reviewed published articles analysing the infiltration... (Review)
Review
The prognostic value of the immune cell infiltrate in the breast carcinoma microenvironment is still uncertain. We reviewed published articles analysing the infiltration of inflammatorycells in the microenvironment of breast carcinoma. Data revealed the importance of infiltration of these immune cells in the prognosis of breast carcinoma, particularly the triple-negative and HER2-positive phenotypes. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and their subtypes play a fundamental role in predicting the pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. More research aiming to dissect a complex network of communication between cancer cells and other cellular components of the tumour microenvironment is necessary to develop more effective therapeutic approaches.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Prognosis; Signal Transduction; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 31715606
DOI: 10.1159/000504055 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Apr 2012Secretory breast carcinoma is a rare breast cancer with indolent clinical behavior. Recent research showed that secretory breast carcinoma belongs to the phenotypic... (Review)
Review
Secretory breast carcinoma is a rare breast cancer with indolent clinical behavior. Recent research showed that secretory breast carcinoma belongs to the phenotypic spectrum of basal-like breast carcinomas. In this study, a clinicopathological and immunophenotypic analysis of secretory breast carcinomas from 15 Chinese patients was conducted. This patient group consisted of 2 males and 13 females, with ages ranging from 10 to 67 years old (median, 36 years old). All patients presented with a painless and firm mass. Tumor size ranged from 10 to 55 mm. Most tumors were located in the outer upper quadrant of the breast. Two patients (2 of 13, 15%) displayed positive axillary lymph nodes. At the microscopic level, the presence of intracellular and extracellular secretory material was the most remarkable feature. Most cases showed mild dysplasia cytologically. All cases were negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2. The expression rate of the basal-like marker (CK5/6 or epidermal growth factor receptor) was 87% (13 of 15). The basal-like phenotype was identified in 13 cases (87%). Follow-up time ranged from 10 to 55 months (median, 19 months). None of the cases had evidence of recurrence and metastasis. Our study reveals that secretory breast carcinoma is a distinct subset of invasive breast carcinoma, with expression of basal-like markers. It should be noted that secretory breast carcinoma is different from conventional basal-like breast carcinomas. Future studies are required to further understand the prognostic significance of the basal-like markers expression in secretory breast carcinomas.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms, Male; Carcinoma; Child; China; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Immunophenotyping; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Tumor Burden
PubMed: 22157932
DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2011.190