-
Microbiology Resource Announcements Oct 2022Brevundimonas albigilva TT17 was isolated from human skin. This strain can grow on Triton X-100. Here, we present the whole-genome sequences of this strain and B....
Brevundimonas albigilva TT17 was isolated from human skin. This strain can grow on Triton X-100. Here, we present the whole-genome sequences of this strain and B. albigilva KEME 9005-016. This result demonstrates the first information on the genome sequences of the species of B. albigilva.
PubMed: 36154151
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00776-22 -
Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis 2021Gram-negative peritonitis in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients is difficult to treat and may result in catheter loss. is a Gram-negative rod bacterium which rarely...
Gram-negative peritonitis in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients is difficult to treat and may result in catheter loss. is a Gram-negative rod bacterium which rarely causes infections in humans. A 41-year-old male receiving continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis for 5 months developed culture-negative peritonitis. He failed initial empiric treatment with intraperitoneal vancomycin and levofloxacin and thereafter intravenous gentamicin. resistant to levofloxacin was isolated from the peritoneal fluid 21 days after his initial symptoms. Despite treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone and oral amoxicillin-clavulanate, the infection persisted, which required removal of the peritoneal catheter in order to cure this infection. We describe the features of infection in our patient and the rarely reported additional cases.
PubMed: 34901199
DOI: 10.1159/000517140 -
Journal of Zhejiang University.... Apr 2021The study aimed at identifying salivary microbiota in caries-free Chinese preschool children using high-throughput sequencing.
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed at identifying salivary microbiota in caries-free Chinese preschool children using high-throughput sequencing.
METHODS
Saliva samples were obtained from 35 caries-free preschool children (18 boys and 17 girls) with primary dentition, and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the microorganisms were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq.
RESULTS
At 97% similarity level, all of these reads were clustered into 334 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Among these, five phyla (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Candidate division TM7) and 13 genera (, , , , , , , , , , , , and ) were the most dominant, constituting 99.4% and 89.9% of the salivary microbiota, respectively. The core salivary microbiome comprised nine genera (, , , , , , , ,and ). Analysis of microbial diversity and community structure revealed a similar pattern between male and female subjects. The difference in microbial community composition between them was mainly attributed to (=0.023). Furthermore, functional prediction revealed that the most abundant genes were related to amino acid transport and metabolism.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results revealed the diversity and composition of salivary microbiota in caries-free preschool children, with little difference between male and female subjects. Identity of the core microbiome, coupled with prediction of gene function, deepens our understanding of oral microbiota in caries-free populations and provides basic information for associating salivary microecology and oral health.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Female; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Saliva; Sex Characteristics; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 33835762
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2000554 -
Cell Reports. Medicine Dec 2023Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) has shown beneficial effects against atopic dermatitis (AD); however, the mechanisms and parameters underlying the efficacy of AIT...
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) has shown beneficial effects against atopic dermatitis (AD); however, the mechanisms and parameters underlying the efficacy of AIT remain unclear. Here, we report that the community structure and function of the oral and gut microbiota are changed in patients with AD undergoing AIT. Transplantation of fecal microbiota from patients who respond well to AIT improves AD-like dermatitis in mice. The abundance of Brevundimonas vesicularis in the gut of AD patients has been found to be positively correlated with disease severity and is decreased following AIT. Furthermore, we find that B. vesicularis from the oral cavity might ectopically colonize the gut of AD patients. In AD model mice, meanwhile, B. vesicularis promotes the skewing of the Treg/Th17 balance toward Th17 polarization and attenuates the efficacy of ovalbumin-specific immunotherapy. Our findings provide potential strategies for the optimization of AIT for AD via the modulation of the gut microbiota.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Dermatitis, Atopic; Desensitization, Immunologic; Allergens; Intestines
PubMed: 38118418
DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101340 -
PloS One 2017Microbiota plays an important role in the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract. Understanding the variations of the commensal microbiota composition is crucial for...
Microbiota plays an important role in the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract. Understanding the variations of the commensal microbiota composition is crucial for a more efficient control of enteric infectious diseases and for the reduction of the use of antibiotics in animal production, which are the main points of interest for improved animal healthcare and welfare and for consumer health protection. Even though the intestinal microbiota has been extensively studied, little is known about the gastric microbiota. This pilot study was aimed at a descriptive analysis of the gastric microbiota in healthy pigs and at the identification of any differences among four potentially distinct microbial niches in the stomach. Gastric mucosal samples from the oxyntic area, the pylorus and the gastric groove, and a sample of gastric contents were collected from four healthy weaned pigs. Bacterial DNA was isolated and extracted from each sample and amplicons from the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced using Ion Torrent PGM. The data were analysed by an "unsupervised" and a "supervised" approach in the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) pipeline. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in all the samples. Differences in bacterial community composition were found between mucosal and content samples (one-way ANOSIM pairwise post hoc test, p < 0.05); instead, the different mucosal regions did not show differences between them. The mucosal samples were characterised by Herbiconiux and Brevundimonas, two genera which include cellulolytic and xylanolytic strains. Nevertheless, additional larger trials are needed to support the data presented in this pilot study and to increase the knowledge regarding the resident microbiota of the stomach.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Stomach; Swine
PubMed: 28249050
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173029 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Mar 2018BACKGROUND Levofloxacin covers a broad spectrum of pathogens and is readily prescribed by clinicians. Hepatotoxicity is a known but unusual complication of...
BACKGROUND Levofloxacin covers a broad spectrum of pathogens and is readily prescribed by clinicians. Hepatotoxicity is a known but unusual complication of levofloxacin use. Here, we present a case of severe transaminitis caused by levofloxacin. CASE REPORT A young man in his thirties with a history of asthma, chronic alcoholism, methamphetamine intravenous drug abuse (IVDA), and non-compliant insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) presented to an emergency department with suicidal ideation. Vital signs were stable and the patient was noted to have cellulitis of the right forearm, for which cultures were drawn, and he received IV clindamycin. He was admitted to behavioral medicine for further care. Blood cultures were positive for gram-negative rods and he was transferred to the medicine ward. Cultures eventually grew Brevundimonas diminuta. Clindamycin was discontinued and he was started on levofloxacin. Transaminase levels measured soon after levofloxacin administration showed aminotransferase levels raised to approximately 50 times baseline within a few days. Levofloxacin was discontinued due to concern about drug-induced hepatotoxicity. After discontinuation, transaminase levels decreased immediately. Work-up for other causes of transaminitis revealed no other etiology. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should remain mindful that levofloxacin can induce hepatotoxicity in rare cases. In patients presenting with acute liver injury who have recently taken levofloxacin, it would be wise to remain cognizant of the possibility of levofloxacin-induced hepatotoxicity.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Humans; Levofloxacin; Liver; Male; Young Adult
PubMed: 29523775
DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.907440 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020species are wild edible mushrooms that possess high nutritional value and a wide range of medicinal properties. However, the cultivation of these mushrooms is very...
species are wild edible mushrooms that possess high nutritional value and a wide range of medicinal properties. However, the cultivation of these mushrooms is very difficult because of their symbiotic association with termites. In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical indices and microbial communities between combs with basidiomes (CF) and combs without basidiomes (CNF). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID), some commercial kits, high-throughput sequencing of the 16s RNA, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were used. Humidity, pH, and elements, i.e., Al, Ba, Fe, Mn, Ni, S, Ca, and Mg were higher while amino acids particularly alanine, tyrosine, and isoleucine were lower in CF as compared to CNF. The average contents of fatty acids were not significantly different between the two comb categories. The bacterial genera , , , and were dominant in all combs. , , and were significantly more abundant in CF. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were also identified in combs. , sp. Group3, and sp. were the most dominant species in combs. However, any single species was abundantly present in an individual comb.
PubMed: 33519727
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.581219 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2017Particle-associated bacteria (PAB) and free-living bacteria (FLB) from aquatic environments during phytoplankton blooms differ in their physical distance from algae....
Particle-associated bacteria (PAB) and free-living bacteria (FLB) from aquatic environments during phytoplankton blooms differ in their physical distance from algae. Both the interactions within PAB and FLB community fractions and their relationship with the surrounding environmental properties are largely unknown. Here, by using high-throughput sequencing and network-based analyses, we compared the community and network characteristics of PAB and FLB from a plateau lake during a bloom. Results showed that PAB and FLB differed significantly in diversity, structure and microbial connecting network. PAB communities were characterized by highly similar bacterial community structure in different sites, tighter network connections, important topological roles for the bloom-causing and Alphaproteobacteria, especially for the potentially nitrogen-fixing () and algicidal bacteria ( sp.). FLB communities were sensitive to the detected environmental factors and were characterized by significantly higher bacterial diversity, less connectivity, larger network size and marginal role of . In both networks, covariation among bacterial taxa was extensive (>88% positive connections), and bacteria potentially affiliated with biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen (i.e., denitrification, nitrogen-fixation and nitrite-oxidization) were important in occupying module hubs, such as , and . These findings highlight the importance of considering microbial network interactions for the understanding of blooms.
PubMed: 28713340
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01202 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2022To systematically explore and analyze the microbial composition and function of microbial consortium M44 with straw degradation in the process of subculture at low...
To systematically explore and analyze the microbial composition and function of microbial consortium M44 with straw degradation in the process of subculture at low temperature. In this study, straw degradation characteristics of samples in different culture stages were determined. MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the evolution of community structure and its relationship with degradation characteristics of microbial consortium in different culture periods, and the PICRUSt function prediction analysis was performed. The results showed that straw degradation rate, endoglucanase activity, and filter paper enzyme activity of M44 generally decreased with increasing culture algebra. The activities of xylanase, laccase, and lignin peroxidase, as well as VFA content, showing a single-peak curve change with first an increase and then decrease. In the process of subculture, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were dominant in different culture stages. Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Devosia, Brevundimonas, Trichococcus, Acinetobacter, Dysgonomonas, and Rhizobium were functional bacteria in different culture stages. It was found by PICRUSt function prediction that the functions were concentrated in amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transship and metabolism related genes, which may contain a large number of fibers and lignin degrading enzyme genes. In this study, the microbial community succession and the gene function in different culture periods were clarified and provide a theoretical basis for screening and rational utilization of microbial consortia.
Topics: Microbial Consortia; Temperature; Bacteria; Microbiota; Lignin
PubMed: 36424390
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23507-z -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2021Carotenoids have been shown to be essential for human nutrition. Consumption of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of many diseases. The...
Carotenoids have been shown to be essential for human nutrition. Consumption of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of many diseases. The ketocarotenoid astaxanthin has become a commercially valuable compound due to its powerful antioxidant properties compared to other carotenoids. It is naturally produced in certain algae, bacteria, and the flowers of some species of the genus , although it is produced in such small quantities in these organisms that it is costly to extract. Chemical synthesis of this compound has also shown limited success with a high proportion of esterified forms of astaxanthin being produced, which decreases antioxidant properties by the conversion of hydroxyl groups to esters. Previously, transgenic astaxanthin-producing plants have been created using a β-carotene ketolase enzyme of either bacterial or algal origin. However, a novel astaxanthin pathway exists in the flowering plants of the genus which has not been utilized in the same manner. The pathway involves two unique enzymes, β-ring-4-dehydrogenase and 4-hydroxy-β-ring-4-dehydrogenase, which add the necessary hydroxyl and ketone groups to the rings of β-carotene. In the present study, plants were transformed with chimeric constructs coding for these two enzymes. The regenerated, transgenic plants accumulate astaxanthin and their growth (height and weight) was unaffected, when compared to non-transformed and to plants transformed with the bacterial β-carotene ketolase. The accumulation of astaxanthin also improved seedling survivability under harsh UV light, mitigated reactive oxygen accumulation, and provided a phenotype (color) that allowed the efficient identification and recovery of transgenic plants with and without selection.
PubMed: 35116052
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.831785