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BioMed Research International 2024Chlorpyrifos (CP) is a chlorinated organophosphate pesticide. In Kenya, it is commonly used as an acaricide, particularly in dairy farming, leading to soil and water...
Chlorpyrifos (CP) is a chlorinated organophosphate pesticide. In Kenya, it is commonly used as an acaricide, particularly in dairy farming, leading to soil and water contamination. The study is aimed at isolating bacteria with CP-degrading potential and optimizing their growth conditions, including temperature, pH, and CP concentration. The enrichment culture technique was used, with minimal salt medium (MSM) supplemented with commercial grade CP. A multilevel factorial design was used to investigate the interactions of temperature, pH, and CP concentration. According to the findings, seven bacterial strains with potential to degrade CP were characterized and identified as , , , sp. strain , sp. strain , , and clone 99. Growth and biodegradation of bacteria differed significantly among the isolates across pH value, temperature, and concentrations ( ≤ 0.05). The optimum conditions for growth were pH 7, temperature of 25°C, and 25mg/l chlorpyrifos concentration, while optimum degradation conditions were pH 5, temp 25°C, and CP conc. 25mg/l. The Pearson correlation between optimum growth and degradation showed a weak positive relationship ( = 0.1144) for pH and strong positive relationship for temperature and concentration of chlorpyrifos. Other than pH, the study shows that there could be other cofactors facilitating the chlorpyrifos degradation process. The findings show that an efficient consortium, at 25°C and pH 5, can include and sp. as they showed high optical density (OD) values under these conditions. These results indicate the potential for these bacteria to be employed in chlorpyrifos-contaminated ecosystem detoxification efforts upon manipulation of natural growth conditions. The findings of this study offer a potential foundation for future research into the reconstitution of a consortium. Based on the optimum conditions identified, the isolated bacterial strains could be further developed into a consortium to effectively degrade CP in both laboratory and field conditions. Dairy farmers can utilize the isolated strains and the consortia to decontaminate farm soils.
Topics: Chlorpyrifos; Soil; Farms; Kenya; Ecosystem; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Pseudomonas; Soil Microbiology; Bacillus
PubMed: 38304346
DOI: 10.1155/2024/1611871 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Planetary protection is a guiding principle aiming to prevent microbial contamination of the solar system by spacecraft (forward contamination) and extraterrestrial...
Planetary protection is a guiding principle aiming to prevent microbial contamination of the solar system by spacecraft (forward contamination) and extraterrestrial contamination of the Earth (backward contamination). Bioburden reduction on spacecraft, including cruise and landing systems, is required to prevent microbial contamination from Earth during space exploration missions. Several sterilization methods are available; however, selecting appropriate methods is essential to eliminate a broad spectrum of microorganisms without damaging spacecraft components during manufacturing and assembly. Here, we compared the effects of different bioburden reduction techniques, including dry heat, UV light, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), hydrogen peroxide (HO), vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP), and oxygen and argon plasma on microorganisms with different resistance capacities. These microorganisms included spores and spores, , and , all important microorganisms for considering planetary protection. spores showed the highest resistance to dry heat but could be reliably sterilized (i.e., under detection limit) through extended time or increased temperature. spores and were highly resistant to UV light. Seventy percent of IPA and 7.5% of HO treatments effectively sterilized and but showed no immediate bactericidal effect against spores. IPA immediately sterilized spores, but HO did not. During VHP treatment under reduced pressure, viable spores and spores were quickly reduced by approximately two log orders. Oxygen plasma sterilized but did not eliminate spores. In contrast, argon plasma sterilized but not . Therefore, dry heat could be used for heat-resistant component bioburden reduction, and VHP or plasma for non-heat-resistant components in bulk bioburden reduction. Furthermore, IPA, HO, or UV could be used for additional surface bioburden reduction during assembly and testing. The systemic comparison of sterilization efficiencies under identical experimental conditions in this study provides basic criteria for determining which sterilization techniques should be selected during bioburden reduction for forward planetary protection.
PubMed: 38152378
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1253436 -
Cureus Jul 2023Lung abscesses caused by () are a rare occurrence, particularly in immunocompetent adults. We present the case of a 47-year-old male with a history of COPD, bipolar...
Lung abscesses caused by () are a rare occurrence, particularly in immunocompetent adults. We present the case of a 47-year-old male with a history of COPD, bipolar disorder, and seizure disorder, who presented with a productive cough, worsening shortness of breath, yellow sputum, weight loss, and fatigue over a period of three weeks. Clinical examination revealed decreased breath sounds in the left upper lung zones. Laboratory investigations showed an elevated white cell count, while blood cultures identified . Imaging with computed tomography (CT) confirmed the presence of a 4.2x2.0 cm cavitary lesion consistent with a lung abscess. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of Ampicillin/Sulbactam and Azithromycin, followed by a course of oral Augmentin. Given the size of the abscess and favorable response to antibiotic therapy, invasive procedures were deemed unnecessary. This case underscores the importance of considering unusual pathogens in the etiology of lung abscesses, even in immunocompetent individuals, and highlights the successful management with appropriate antibiotic therapy.
PubMed: 37621835
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42371 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jun 2023The aim of the study was to determine totoxicity of bisphenol A (BPA) and its derivatives (bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)) due...
The aim of the study was to determine totoxicity of bisphenol A (BPA) and its derivatives (bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)) due to its high accumulation in environment. The performed analysis revealed the toxicity of the BPA, BPF, and BPS against Kurthia gibsoni, Microbacterium sp., and Brevundimonas diminuta as the most sensitive, reaching microbial toxic concentrations in the range of 0.018-0.031 mg ∙ L. Moreover, the genotoxicity assay shows the ability of all tested compounds to increase in the β-galactosidase level at the concentration range 7.81-500 µM (in Escherichia coli, PQ37). In turn, the matbolic activation of tested bishpenols has caused the enhacement of the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity effect. Interestingely, the highest phytotoxicity effect was pointed for BPA and TBBPA at the concentrations of 10 mg ∙ L and 50 mg ∙ L, which cause the inhibition of root growth by 58% and 45%, respectively (especially for S. alba and S. saccharatum). Furthermore, the cytotoxicity analyses show the ability of BPA, BPS, and TBBPA to significantly decrease the metabolic activity of human keratynoctes in vitro after 24 h of treatment at the micromolar concentrations. Simialry, the impact of the certain bisphenols on proliferation-, apoptosis-, and inflammation-related mRNA expression was shown in tested cell line. Summarizing, the presented results have proved that BPA and its derrivatives are able to show high negative effect on certain living orgnisms such as bacteria, plants, and human cells, which is strict related to pro-apoptotic and genotoxic mechanism of action.
Topics: Humans; Cell Line; Benzhydryl Compounds; Phenols
PubMed: 37213006
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27747-y -
Microorganisms Apr 2023is broadly distributed in terrestrial and aquatic environments and has various biological activities. In this study, we found that exhibited nematicidal activity...
is broadly distributed in terrestrial and aquatic environments and has various biological activities. In this study, we found that exhibited nematicidal activity against the plant root-knot nematode, . A total of 42 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The nematicidal activity of the 10 main VOCs was tested against . Butyl butanoate (4 µL) caused the mortality of 80.13% of after 4 h. The nematicidal activity of an additional 38 butyl-butyrate-like volatile esters was also investigated. Of these, seven had strong nematicidal activity against , five of which showed egg-hatching inhibitory activity. This study is the first to report that butyl butanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl 4-methylpentanoate, ethyl pent-4-enoate, and methyl undecanoate have nematicidal activity against . The results indicated that could serve as a candidate microorganism for the biocontrol of plant root-knot nematodes, showing that volatile esters have great potential as nematicides.
PubMed: 37110389
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040966 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Microbial inoculation with plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) is one of the most promising technologies to solve the current global challenges. Co-inoculants...
Microbial inoculation with plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) is one of the most promising technologies to solve the current global challenges. Co-inoculants is more efficient and stable than mono-inoculants. However, the growth promoting mechanism of co-inoculants in complex soil system is still poorly understood. In this study, the effects on rice, soil and the microbiome of the mono-inoculant FH-1 (F) and NYM3 (N) and the co-inoculant FN obtained in previous works were compared. Correlation analysis and PLS-PM were used to explore the primary mechanism of different inoculants promoting rice growth. We hypothesized that inoculants promoted plant growth (i) by themselves, (ii) by improving soil nutrient availability or (iii) by regulating the rhizosphere microbiome in complex soil system. We also assumed that different inoculants had different ways of promoting plant growth. The results showed that FN significantly promoted rice growth and nitrogen absorption and slightly increased soil total nitrogen and microbial network complexity compared with F, N and the control (CK). FH-1 and NYM3 interfered with each other's colonization in FN. FN increased the complexity of the microbial network compared to F and N. The bacterial community of FN was quite different from CK and N, while the fungal community was not significantly different from other treatments. The species and functions enriched or inhibited by FN are part of F. The correlation analysis and PLS-PM results showed that inoculants (F/N/FN) promoted the growth of rice mainly by regulating the rhizosphere microbiome rather than by themselves or by improving soil nutrient availability. Co-inoculant FN promotes rice growth specifically by enhancing microbial nitrification function through enriching related species compared with F or N. This may provide theoretical guidance for the construction and application of co-inoculants in the future.
PubMed: 36846752
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1101773 -
Bioinformation 2022Microbial dynamics of the domestic environment and their antibiotic-resistant properties have been poorly characterized. We surveyed the microbial community and their...
Microbial dynamics of the domestic environment and their antibiotic-resistant properties have been poorly characterized. We surveyed the microbial community and their antibiotic profiling located in the rural and urban areas of Meerut city, Uttar Pradesh, India. Results show that bacterial community load across all samples had more than 100-fold higher than fungal community (all p<0.05.). Based on population load, the kitchen of both rural (Fungal: 4.16±1.81 vs Bacteria: 160.5±27.13) and urban areas (Fungal: 6.2±1.02 vs Bacteria: 205.46±30.9) were more contaminated than living rooms (rural area-Fungal: 2.13±0.74 vs Bacteria: 62.17±20.68 and urban area- Fungal: 4.75±1.68 vs Bacteria: 74.88±7.53). Six bacteria, namely sps; sps; ; Brevundimonas diminuta; Bacillus megaterium; and pneumonia, showed dominance on all other bacterial and fungal sp hence, only these six bacteria were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test (AST). In AST, pneumoniae, , Bacillus megaterium, were resistant to more than three antibiotics. The most sensitive strain for Ciprofloxacin, Streptomycin was sp. However, sp was found sensitive only to Amoxillin. Brevundimonas diminuta is found most sensitive to all antibiotics. Plasmid profiling of selected bacteria suggests that antibiotic resistance properties arose from plasmids, not genomic ones. These findings give new insights into the local-scale distribution of MDR bacteria in a household environment.
PubMed: 36518135
DOI: 10.6026/97320630018293 -
Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2023Microbial communities in coastal waters are diverse and dynamic and play important roles in ecosystem functions and services. Despite the ecological impact of...
Microbial communities in coastal waters are diverse and dynamic and play important roles in ecosystem functions and services. Despite the ecological impact of bacterioplankton or pathogens, little is known about whether bacterioplankton and pathogen communities exhibit similar patterns. Here, using 16S RNA gene amplicon sequencing, the geographic patterns and assembly processes of bacterioplankton and pathogen communities in 30 subtropical estuaries were studied. Results showed that the estuarine bacterioplankton communities mainly consisted of (49.06%), (17.62%), and (16.33%), among which 31 pathogen genera (186 amplicon sequence variants [ASVs]) were identified. Under the influence of salinity, bacterioplankton and pathogens showed similar biogeographic patterns. Redundancy and correlation analyses indicated that the bacterioplankton communities were strongly correlated with estuarine environmental factors, but potential pathogens were less influenced. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed a close relationship between bacterioplankton and potential pathogens, with two pathogens identified as connectors (i.e., ASV340 [Clostridium perfringens] and ASV1624 [Brevundimonas diminuta]), implying potential impacts of pathogens on structure, function, and stability of estuarine bacterioplankton communities. Null-model analysis revealed that deterministic processes (heterogeneous selection) dominated bacterioplankton community assembly, while stochastic processes (undominated effect) shaped the potential pathogen community. Our findings illustrate the biogeographic patterns and community assembly mechanisms of bacterioplankton and pathogens in estuaries, which should provide guidance and a reference for the control of potential pathogenic bacteria. Bacterioplankton play an important role in estuarine ecosystem functions and services; however, potentially pathogenic bacteria may exhibit infectivity and pose a serious threat to environmental and human health. In this study, geographic patterns and assembly processes of bacterioplankton communities in 30 subtropical estuaries were explored, and potential pathogenic bacteria in the estuaries were detected and profiled. Our results demonstrate here that bacterioplankton and pathogens show similar biogeographic patterns under the influence of salinity. Interestingly, heterogeneous selection dominated bacterioplankton assembly, while stochasticity dominated pathogen assembly. This study provides important information for future risk assessment of potential pathogenic bacteria as well as management in estuarine ecosystems.
Topics: Humans; Ecosystem; Estuaries; Microbiota; Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Aquatic Organisms
PubMed: 36507672
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03683-22 -
European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy :... Dec 2023To investigate the container closure integrity of a closed system transfer device syringe adaptor lock in combination with disposable Luer-Lock syringes as the terminal...
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the container closure integrity of a closed system transfer device syringe adaptor lock in combination with disposable Luer-Lock syringes as the terminal closure device. The UK National Health Service (NHS) Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Committee (PQAC) requires syringe integrity data for final storage devices of aseptic products such as chemotherapy drugs when prepared in advance and stored before use, as is standard practice for dose banded drugs. The assessment comprised both physical and microbial integrity testing of the combination closed system/Luer-Lock syringe containers at syringe sizes of 1 mL, 20 mL, and 50 mL.
METHODS
Integrity testing was performed as described in the NHS Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Committee yellow cover document, second edition 2013 'Protocols for the Integrity Testing of Syringes', with Chemfort (Simplivia, IL) syringe adaptor lock (SAL) devices as replacement for sterile blind hubs. Microbiological integrity was assessed according to method 1 part 1.4 using at 32°C for up to 14 days of contact time. Two positive control devices per syringe size were tested using a blind hub cap as closure which was loosened before the test. Physical integrity was assessed using method 3 of the yellow cover document which is a dye intrusion method. Dye intrusion was assessed both visually and using a validated ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer method. For each size/batch of test articles a positive control device (n=1) was assessed using a wire wrapped around the syringe plunger tip deliberately compromising integrity. Negative controls for each size (n=1) consisted of devices not immersed in methylene blue dye.
RESULTS
Chemfort syringe adaptor lock/Luer-Lock syringe combinations were shown to be: (1) free of microbiological contamination after 14 days of contact time (n=60); and (2) free of dye intrusion at all syringe sizes tested (n=61 in total). The data demonstrate 100% closure integrity of the final container system when the Chemfort syringe adaptor lock replaces the syringe hub as the terminal closure device. All positive control devices demonstrated system suitability as container integrity was compromised in all positive control tests. All negative controls were negative for microbial and dye intrusion.
CONCLUSIONS
Syringe adaptor lock components complied with the NHS Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Committee yellow cover document syringe integrity requirements when used as the terminal closure of Luer-Lock disposable syringes from 1 mL up to 50 mL. Therefore, syringe adaptor lock (Chemfort) can be used as the terminal closure system for pre-filled syringes of chemotherapeutic drug products prepared in advance in UK NHS pharmacy technical services.
Topics: Drug Contamination; Drug Packaging; Pharmaceutical Preparations; State Medicine; Syringes
PubMed: 35410874
DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2021-003148 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2022Lake Vostok is the deepest lake of Antarctica but has poor accessibility for study due to a thick glacial cover, however, water samples of this lake have become...
Lake Vostok is the deepest lake of Antarctica but has poor accessibility for study due to a thick glacial cover, however, water samples of this lake have become available for study just recently. Previously, only the microbiome of the ice cover samples was characterized. Here we report results of bacteriological seeding with subsequent identification of the heterotrophic microorganisms (bacteria and micellar fungi) present by 16S rDNA sequencing as well as results of a direct molecular study of the water microbiome. Surprisingly, the data obtained gave evidence of a predominant occurrence of common chemoorganotrophs that were rather psychrotolerant than psychrophilic. We isolated and described strains belonging to eight heterotrophic microbial species able to grow in a rich medium: six bacterial strains belonging to the species and , , , sp. and ; and two fungal strains belonging to sp. and . Direct study of 16S rDNA purified water samples confirmed the predominance of the , , and () .
Topics: Antarctic Regions; DNA, Ribosomal; Lakes; Microbiota; Sphingomonadaceae; Water; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 35409708
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074025