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Annales de Pathologie Jul 1997
Review
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Bromodeoxyuridine; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Neoplasms; Reference Values
PubMed: 9296576
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Neuro-oncology 1994A variety of clinical reports have described the application of the bromodeoxyuridine labeling index as an adjunct to conventional pathological examination of CNS... (Review)
Review
A variety of clinical reports have described the application of the bromodeoxyuridine labeling index as an adjunct to conventional pathological examination of CNS tumors. This index has proven useful in predicting the clinical outcome associated with many such tumors. Furthermore, because of its efficacy as a radiosensitizing agent, bromodeoxyuridine (and the closely related iododeoxyuridine) has been used in combination with radiation therapy for malignant glial neoplasms, with some encouraging results. Although most studies suggest that bromodeoxyuridine is safe, there is evidence that this compound does have potential side-effects, including the observation that it is a mutagen and carcinogen in some experimental systems. A number of new alternative approaches for predicting the clinical outcome of CNS tumors has been developed based on an increased understanding of their molecular biology. However, until such approaches are better characterized, the clinical application of bromodeoxyuridine will continue to play an important role in predicting the clinical behavior of many CNS tumors.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Bromodeoxyuridine; Glioma; Humans; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma
PubMed: 7807187
DOI: 10.1007/BF01057964 -
The Histochemical Journal May 1995Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd), a thymidine analogue incorporated into DNA, can be quantified by fluorescent or chromophoric quenching of dyes bound to DNA or with... (Review)
Review
Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd), a thymidine analogue incorporated into DNA, can be quantified by fluorescent or chromophoric quenching of dyes bound to DNA or with antibodies to BrdUrd. These technologies have been used since the 1970s as tools for measuring DNA synthesis in isolated chromosomes and in cells and tissues. This paper is Part I of a three-part comprehensive review of the literature over the last 20 years (to the end of 1993) describing the histochemical methods for measuring BrdUrd in cells and tissues. Fixation, denaturation and staining procedures are compared for quantifying BrdUrd for microscopy and flow cytometry. Non-immunochemical methods related to the quenching of fluorescent DNA stains by BrdUrd are also described. Methods are described for the comparative assay of cell kinetic parameters by tritiated thymidine and bromodeoxyuridine. The multivariate BrdUrd/DNA assay of Ts and Tc, and a comparison of recent methods based on the single biopsy bivariate analysis of Tpot, is presented. Recent developments in the use of double halopyrimidine label to determine kinetic parameters are also reviewed.
Topics: Animals; Bromodeoxyuridine; Cell Cycle; Cell Division; Histocytochemistry; History, 20th Century; Humans
PubMed: 7657555
DOI: No ID Found -
The Histochemical Journal Dec 1995This paper follows on from Part 1 of my review of bromodeoxyuridine published earlier this year (Dolbeare, 1995). (Review)
Review
This paper follows on from Part 1 of my review of bromodeoxyuridine published earlier this year (Dolbeare, 1995).
Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Bromodeoxyuridine; Carcinogens; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 8789396
DOI: No ID Found -
Histochemistry and Cell Biology Nov 2017
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Brain; Bromodeoxyuridine; Cell Death; Cell Survival; Connectin; DNA Replication; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Neoplasms; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Telomere Homeostasis
PubMed: 28936549
DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1609-x -
Mutation Research Sep 1991The thymidine analog, BrdUrd, induces many biological responses which are of importance to the field of genetic toxicology and related disciplines. These include the... (Review)
Review
The thymidine analog, BrdUrd, induces many biological responses which are of importance to the field of genetic toxicology and related disciplines. These include the induction of SCE, specific-locus mutations, and toxicity, inhibition of cell proliferation, and the expression of fragile sites in the human genome. In early models which addressed the mechanisms of the biological effects of BrdUrd exposure, two pathways were proposed to account for the induction of the biological responses. Incorporation of the enol form of BrdUrd into the nascent DNA strand after pairing with deoxyguanosine was proposed as one pathway, whereas the incorporation of BrdUrd opposite adenosine in place of thymidine was proposed as the second pathway. Many novel and sophisticated techniques have been applied to the study of the mechanism of the induction of biological effects by BrdUrd leading to a substantial increase in our understanding of these mechanisms. However, the experimental evidence clearly supports the contention that BrdUrd exerts its effects on eukaryotic cells through mechanisms similar to those originally proposed to explain the genotoxicity of BrdUrd.
Topics: Animals; Bromodeoxyuridine; Cell Cycle; Cell Division; Chromatin; Chromosome Fragile Sites; Chromosome Fragility; DNA; Mammals; Mutagenesis; Sister Chromatid Exchange
PubMed: 1881403
DOI: 10.1016/0165-1110(91)90007-i -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2023Cellular growth and the preparation of cells for division between two successive cell divisions is called the cell cycle. The cell cycle is divided into several phases;... (Review)
Review
Cellular growth and the preparation of cells for division between two successive cell divisions is called the cell cycle. The cell cycle is divided into several phases; the length of these particular cell cycle phases is an important characteristic of cell life. The progression of cells through these phases is a highly orchestrated process governed by endogenous and exogenous factors. For the elucidation of the role of these factors, including pathological aspects, various methods have been developed. Among these methods, those focused on the analysis of the duration of distinct cell cycle phases play important role. The main aim of this review is to guide the readers through the basic methods of the determination of cell cycle phases and estimation of their length, with a focus on the effectiveness and reproducibility of the described methods.
Topics: Bromodeoxyuridine; Reproducibility of Results; Cell Cycle; Cell Division; Cell Proliferation
PubMed: 36835083
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043674 -
Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) Aug 2008The thymidine analog bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is incorporated into newly synthesized DNA and has been shown to increase the susceptibility of incorporating cells to...
The thymidine analog bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is incorporated into newly synthesized DNA and has been shown to increase the susceptibility of incorporating cells to ionizing radiation. However, in the absence of secondary stressors, BrdU is thought to substitute relatively benignly for thymidine and is commonly used to "birth-date" proliferative cells. We report a novel antiproliferative effect of BrdU on cancer cells, which is independent of its role in radiosensitization. A single, brief in vitro exposure to BrdU induces a profound and sustained reduction in the proliferation rate of all cancer cells examined. Cells do not die but variably up-regulate some senescence-associated proteins as they accumulate in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Bromodeoxyuridine also impairs the proliferative capacity of primary tumor-initiating human glioma cells and may therefore represent a means of targeting cancer stem cells. Finally, conservative in vivo BrdU regimens--in the absence of any other treatment--significantly suppress the progression of gliomas in the highly aggressive, syngeneic RG2 model. These results suggest that BrdU may have an important role as an adjunctive therapeutic for a wide variety of cancers based on new insights into its effect as a negative regulator of cell cycle progression.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Bromodeoxyuridine; Cell Cycle; Cell Proliferation; Disease Progression; Glioma; Humans; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nucleosides; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Time Factors; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PubMed: 18680882
DOI: 10.1593/neo.08382 -
Histochemistry Oct 1992A new procedure is described to generate single-stranded DNA by exonuclease III (Exo III) digestion for bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunocytochemistry on tissue sections.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A new procedure is described to generate single-stranded DNA by exonuclease III (Exo III) digestion for bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunocytochemistry on tissue sections. We compared this procedure with the most widely used procedure of DNA denaturation with 2 N HCl. In vivo and in vitro pulse and continuous labelling of tissues and cells were used. The specimens were fixed in formalin, ethanol, glutaraldehyde, Carnoy's, Bouin's or Zamboni's fixative and embedded in paraffin or used unfixed as cryostat sections or cytospin preparations. After Exo III digestion, BrdU substituted DNA was detected irrespective of the fixation procedure applied. The optimal protocol for nuclease digestion appeared to be simultaneous incubation, of 10 Units Exo III per ml EcoRI buffer and anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody at 37 degrees C. The advantages of Exo III digestion for BrdU immunocytochemistry compared to acid denaturation were: less non-specific nuclear background reactivity, no DNA renaturation, less DNA loss, optimal nuclear morphology, increase in antibody efficiency and the possibility for simultaneous detection of acid-sensitive tissue constituents. Disadvantages of the Exo III digestion are decreased sensitivity and the need for more rigorous pepsin pretreatment. We conclude that Exo III digestion of DNA is an appropriate alternative for acid denaturation for BrdU immunocytochemistry on sections of pulse-labelled specimens.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Bromodeoxyuridine; DNA; DNA, Single-Stranded; Exodeoxyribonucleases; Immunohistochemistry; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 1452452
DOI: 10.1007/BF00315878 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Jan 1978The Syrian hamster cell line, RPMI 3460, was found to express barely detectable levels of the enzyme deoxycytidine deaminase. In contrast, the cell lines B4 and HAB,...
The Syrian hamster cell line, RPMI 3460, was found to express barely detectable levels of the enzyme deoxycytidine deaminase. In contrast, the cell lines B4 and HAB, which are derived from 3460 cells and have approx. 60 and 100% bromodeoxyuridine substitution in DNA, respectively, show an approx. 50-fold higher enzyme activity. Deoxycytidine deaminase activity can be "induced" in 3460 cells by growth in 10(-5) M bromodeoxyuridine, as well as by the other halogenated pyrimidines, iododeoxyuridine and chlorodeoxy-uridine. The time required for maximal enzyme activity to accrue (approx. 8 days) suggests that new genetic expression is required for enhanced deoxycytidine deaminase activity and inhibition of induction in the presence of Ara. C shows that bromodeoxyuridine must be incorporated into DNA. In addition, the extent of enhanced deoxycytidine deaminase activity is directly related to the level of bromodeoxyuridine substitution in DNA. Another hamster cell line, BHK21/C13, which shows no detectable deoxycytidine deaminase activity, cannot be induced by bromodeoxyuridine. These results are discussed with respect to a mechanism by which bromodeoxyuridine may alter gene expression due to an altered binding of both positive and negative regulatory proteins to DNA.
Topics: Bromodeoxyuridine; Cell Line; Cytarabine; DCMP Deaminase; DNA; Enzyme Induction; Idoxuridine; Nucleotide Deaminases
PubMed: 623754
DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(78)90043-6