-
Residue Reviews 1972
Review
Topics: Animals; Biodegradation, Environmental; Cattle; Insecticides; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pesticide Synergists; Phenols; Plants; Rats; Time Factors
PubMed: 4553296
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8479-7_4 -
Neurotoxicology and Teratology 1994Bromophos, an organophosphorus compound, is known to cross the placental barrier. The response of the foetal brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to in vivo Bromophos... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Bromophos, an organophosphorus compound, is known to cross the placental barrier. The response of the foetal brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to in vivo Bromophos exposure is not known. This study measured the in vivo time-course of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition and recovery in rat maternal serum, brain, and foetal brain after administration of a single acute oral dose of Bromophos (500 mg/kg b.w.) on Day 18 of pregnancy. ChE inhibition in all tissues started as early as 2 h and reached a maximum at 16 h post-exposure. Foetal brain AChE was inhibited least and the first to recover followed by maternal brain and serum. The in vivo ID50 values for the ChE inhibition by Bromophos were 2.02, 205.0, 952.92 mg/kg b.w. and the in vitro IC50 values were 119.12, 115.17, 112.14 microM for the maternal serum, brain, and foetal brain, respectively. The IC50 values show that maternal serum, brain, and foetal brain are equisensitive to Bromophos. However, the ID50 values suggest that they have differential in vivo sensitivity to Bromophos. The foetal brain seems to be protected against the AChE inhibition by Bromophos, probably by detoxication in the maternal, placental, and foetal compartments.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Insecticides; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Organothiophosphates; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 7935256
DOI: 10.1016/0892-0362(94)90043-4 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Nov 2002A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the quantitative detection of the organophosphorus insecticide bromophos-ethyl. Four...
A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the quantitative detection of the organophosphorus insecticide bromophos-ethyl. Four bromophos-ethyl derivatives (haptens) were synthesized and were coupled to carrier proteins through the pesticide thiophosphate group to use as an immunogen or as a coating antigen. Rabbits were immunized with either one of two haptens coupled to bovine serum albumin for production of polyclonal antibodies, and the sera were screened against one of the haptens coupled to ovalbumin. Using the serum with highest titer, an antigen-coated ELISA was developed, which showed an IC(50) of 3.9 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.3 ng/mL (20% inhibition). An antibody-coated ELISA using an enzyme tracer was also developed, which showed an IC(50) of 6.5 ng/mL with a detection limit of 1.0 ng/mL (20% inhibition). The antibodies showed negligible cross-reactivity with other organophosphorus pesticides except with the insecticides bromophos-methyl and chlorpyrifos in the antibody-coated assay only. Recoveries of bromophos-ethyl from fortified crop and water samples ranged from 82 to 128% and from 95 to 127%, respectively.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Specificity; Binding, Competitive; Crops, Agricultural; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Haptens; Immune Sera; Insecticides; Organothiophosphates; Rabbits; Water
PubMed: 12405760
DOI: 10.1021/jf025703+ -
Toxicology Feb 1988Response of cholinesterase to dermal exposure of acute, single and multiple doses of Bromophos in the female rat has been studied. Dose-response studies (50-4000 mg/kg...
Response of cholinesterase to dermal exposure of acute, single and multiple doses of Bromophos in the female rat has been studied. Dose-response studies (50-4000 mg/kg body weight, 24 h exposure) showed that plasma cholinesterase was most sensitive to inhibition in vivo, followed by the brain and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. The ID50 values for the in vivo cholinesterase inhibition were 10.1, 576.1 and 1938.0 mg/kg body weight for the plasma, brain and erythrocytes, respectively. In time-course studies after a single sublethal dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight (24 h) of Bromophos, the serum and brain cholinesterase were rapidly inhibited reaching a maximum at 16 h. Recovery was complete in the case of serum at 14 days post-exposure, whereas the brain enzyme was not fully recovered at 21 days. In a subacute study, daily dermal application of 50 mg/kg body weight of Bromophos for 5 and 10 days, resulted in high inhibition of the serum cholinesterase and brain acetylcholinesterase, the former being more marked which was reversible after 10 or 15 days of post-exposure period. Very low levels of dermal exposure of Bromophos (10-50 mg/kg body weight) for 17 days caused pronounced depression of serum cholinesterase which completely recovered in 15 days after cessation of exposure suggesting that the serum cholinesterase could serve as the most sensitive diagnostic indicator of Bromophos exposure.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Organothiophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Skin Absorption; Time Factors
PubMed: 3341046
DOI: 10.1016/0300-483x(88)90101-1 -
Journal of Toxicology. Clinical... 1991One hour after suicidal ingestion of about 20 mL of a 38% solution of bromofosmethyl, CAS: 2104-96-3 (bromophos), a 52 year-old female was admitted to the hospital with...
One hour after suicidal ingestion of about 20 mL of a 38% solution of bromofosmethyl, CAS: 2104-96-3 (bromophos), a 52 year-old female was admitted to the hospital with extreme miosis, hypersalivation, hyperperistalsis and muscular fibrillation. Gastric lavage was performed and activated charcoal administered. Cholinergic symptoms were antagonized by repeated doses of 0.5 mg atropine. Because of the high dose of bromophos, hemoperfusion was performed with amberlite XAD4. The bromophos clearance during hemoperfusion was 95 mL/min (flow 200 mL/min). The patient received two doses of 500 mg obidoxime for recurrent muscular fibrillation. The further clinical course was uneventful. On day 4, the patient was transferred to a psychiatric ward because of persistent suicidality. In contrast to poisoning by most organophosphates, red blood cell acetyl cholinesterase was only minimally depressed but the plasma butyryl cholinesterase was initially decreased and normalized within a few days. The records of 25 patients reported to our Poison Control Center with ingestion of more than 1 g bromophos were also evaluated. The most frequent symptoms were miosis, hyperperistalsis, hypersalivation, agitation, nausea/vomiting and convulsions. Nine of the patients had no symptoms. Bromophos is relatively less toxic than its phosphate derivative, parathion.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Atropine; Berlin; Charcoal; Female; Gastric Lavage; Humans; Insecticides; Middle Aged; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organothiophosphates; Poison Control Centers; Poisoning
PubMed: 2051507
DOI: 10.3109/15563659109038612 -
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Jun 1973
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Chlorine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Erythrocytes; Esters; Eye; Female; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Insecticides; Lethal Dose 50; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neurologic Manifestations; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Quail; Rabbits; Rats; Time Factors
PubMed: 4715482
DOI: 10.1016/s0041-008x(73)80004-3 -
East African Medical Journal May 1967
Topics: Animals; Culex; Insecticides; Water Pollution
PubMed: 6077513
DOI: No ID Found -
Fundamental and Applied Toxicology :... Jul 1996Bromophos (Bp) and ethylbromophos (EBp) are two structurally homologous organophosphorus (OP) insecticides which show wide differences in their toxicity as well as... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Bromophos (Bp) and ethylbromophos (EBp) are two structurally homologous organophosphorus (OP) insecticides which show wide differences in their toxicity as well as neurotoxic symptoms in the laboratory rat. EBp is 24-fold more toxic (LD50 = 91 +/- 14 mg/kg body wt) than Bp (LD50 = 2218 +/- 195 mg/kg body wt) and only EBp produced characteristic tremors and lacrimation. In vivo cholinesterase inhibition was in the order plasma > erythrocytes > brain. Experiments with equitoxic and equimolar doses showed that EBp is a more potent anticholinesterase compound than Bp. Since IC50 values for the brain AChE were similar for both OPs, the target enzyme sensitivity was not a major factor in their differential toxicity. In vitro reactivation of serum ChE was significantly higher in the case of EBp than that of Bp. AChE in the brain regions showed differential inhibition in vivo. The brain stem AChE inhibition was least by Bp, whereas it was highest in the case of EBp. Both the OPs produced high AChE inhibition in the hippocampus. Differential inhibition of AChE in the brain regions and its consequent effects may be important factors in the differential neurotoxicity of OPs.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Erythrocytes; Female; Insecticides; Lethal Dose 50; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphates; Rats
PubMed: 8812210
DOI: 10.1006/faat.1996.0103 -
Bulletin of the World Health... 1966In a continuation of the World Health Organization's collaborative scheme for testing new insecticides against malaria vectors, field trials were carried out during 1965... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
In a continuation of the World Health Organization's collaborative scheme for testing new insecticides against malaria vectors, field trials were carried out during 1965 in the forest belt of Western Nigeria near Lagos and in the Guinea savanna belt of Northern Nigeria near Kaduna, using bromophos residual spray and cheesecloth impregnated with Bayer 39007; Schering 34615 was applied as a residual spray in Lagos. Although bromophos appeared to be effective for at least five months after spraying in the Lagos area, the desired control was obtained for only one month in the Kaduna area; these differences appear to be due to differences in environmental conditions and to the ecology of Anopheles gambiae. Schering 34615 was also effective for up to five months in Lagos and was definitely superior to bromophos. Cheesecloth impregnated with Bayer 39007 gave good control of mosquitos for two and for three months in Kaduna and Lagos, respectively, but because the walls of the treated huts were only partly covered, some mosquitos avoided contact with the cloth. It is suggested that, because of the reduced toxic hazards, cheesecloth treatments may be feasible with potentially effective insecticides that are too toxic to spray.
Topics: Anopheles; Insecticides; Malaria; Mosquito Control; Nigeria
PubMed: 5297804
DOI: No ID Found -
The Veterinary Record Sep 1965
Topics: Animals; Insecticides; Myiasis; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; United Kingdom
PubMed: 5890087
DOI: 10.1136/vr.77.39.1145