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Physiological Research Mar 2020Asthma is a complex disease with a variable course. Efforts to identify biomarkers to predict asthma severity, the course of disease and response to treatment have not... (Review)
Review
Asthma is a complex disease with a variable course. Efforts to identify biomarkers to predict asthma severity, the course of disease and response to treatment have not been very successful so far. Biomarker research has expanded greatly with the advancement of molecular research techniques. An ideal biomarker should be suitable to identify the disease as well the specific endotype/phenotype, useful in the monitoring of the disease and to determine the prognosis, easily to obtain with minimum discomfort or risk to the patient. An ideal biomarker should be suitable to identify the disease as well the specific endotype/phenotype, useful in the monitoring of the disease and to determine the prognosis, easily to obtain with minimum discomfort or risk to the patient - exhaled breath analysis, blood cells and serum biomarkers, sputum cells and mediators and urine metabolites could be potential biomarkers of asthma bronchiale. Unfortunately, at the moment, an ideal biomarker doesn't exist and the overlap between the biomarkers is a reality. Using panels of biomarkers could improve probably the identification of asthma endotypes in the era of precision medicine.
Topics: Animals; Asthma; Biomarkers; Humans; Precision Medicine; Predictive Value of Tests; Sputum
PubMed: 32228009
DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934398 -
Turk Gogus Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Dergisi May 2023Although bronchial sleeve resections were previously defined as an alternative technique to pneumonectomy for patients with limited pulmonary reserve, currently these... (Review)
Review
Although bronchial sleeve resections were previously defined as an alternative technique to pneumonectomy for patients with limited pulmonary reserve, currently these resections are applied as a standard even in patients having normal pulmonary capacity. Pneumonectomy, itself, is a disease, and sleeve lobectomies can be performed without compromising oncological principles and without causing significant morbidity and mortality. In parallel with the developments in surgical techniques, bronchial sleeve resections can be performed by videothoracoscopic and robotic surgeries. Major complications in sleeve lobectomies are bronchial dehiscence, bronchopleural fistulas, and broncho-arterial fistulas. Late complications are bronchial stenosis and tumor recurrence.
PubMed: 38344122
DOI: 10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2023.24715 -
American Journal of Physiology. Lung... May 2020
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Age Factors; Airway Remodeling; Animals; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Bronchial Hyperreactivity; Environmental Exposure; Global Health; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Precision Medicine; Sex Factors; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 32233787
DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00114.2020 -
Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine Apr 2020The premature neonate is at high risk for childhood airway hyperreactivity and episodes of wheezing. Intermittent hypoxic events are frequently observed during the first... (Review)
Review
The premature neonate is at high risk for childhood airway hyperreactivity and episodes of wheezing. Intermittent hypoxic events are frequently observed during the first weeks and months of life in these infants. Intermittent hypoxemia has been associated with adverse outcomes in extremely premature infants; including the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, reported wheezing, and use of prescription asthma medications. We review the incidence of intermittent hypoxia, their potential role in short and longer term respiratory morbidity, and the translational newborn models now being used to investigate common pathways by which intermittent hypoxia contributes to respiratory disease.
Topics: Bronchial Hyperreactivity; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Child; Humans; Hypoxia; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Extremely Premature; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Morbidity; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Sounds
PubMed: 31862223
DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2019.101073 -
Kardiochirurgia I Torakochirurgia... Dec 2021Bilio-bronchial fistulization is a rare complication of neglected liver hydatid cysts ruptured in the thorax by anatomical contiguity. Because of the bronchopulmonary... (Review)
Review
Bilio-bronchial fistulization is a rare complication of neglected liver hydatid cysts ruptured in the thorax by anatomical contiguity. Because of the bronchopulmonary and hepato-biliary lesions that it can cause and in the context of severe infection, the morbi-mortality remains high in these fragile patients. The diagnosis is based on clinical arguments: biliptysis mainly with a hepato-thoracic syndrome, imaging data showing the fistulous path, and especially bronchial and biliary endoscopy. The pretherapeutic stage aims at correcting the hydrolytic, anemic and nutritional defects, but above all at controlling the hepatobronchial infection after removal of the biliary obstruction (endoscopic sphincterotomy) and by broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy as well as active respiratory physiotherapy. This preparatory step may be sufficient, otherwise surgical sanction is necessary in operable patients to establish the hepato-phreno-thoracic disconnection. The choice of the thoracic or abdominal approach depends on the initial and progressive lesion assessment and on the surgical strategy envisaged.
PubMed: 35079267
DOI: 10.5114/kitp.2021.112192 -
Seminars in Interventional Radiology Jun 2022Massive hemoptysis is a highly morbid medical condition with up to 75% mortality with conservative treatment. Bronchial artery embolization has emerged as the common... (Review)
Review
Massive hemoptysis is a highly morbid medical condition with up to 75% mortality with conservative treatment. Bronchial artery embolization has emerged as the common treatment for both acute massive hemoptysis and chronic hemoptysis. This article will review the clinical presentation, bronchial artery anatomy, embolization procedure, complications, and expected outcomes.
PubMed: 36062235
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751293 -
Journal of Thoracic Disease Nov 2021Airway complications (ACs) after lung transplantation remain an important source of morbidity and mortality despite significant advances in the surgical technics,... (Review)
Review
Airway complications (ACs) after lung transplantation remain an important source of morbidity and mortality despite significant advances in the surgical technics, leading to increased cost, and decrease quality of life. The incidences of ACs after lung transplantation range from 2% to 33%, even though most transplant centers have reported rates in the range of 7% to 8%. However, the reported rate of ACs has been inconsistent as a result of a lack of standardized airway definitions and grading protocols before the recent 2018 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) proposed consensus guidelines on ACs after lung transplantation. The ACs include stenosis, perioperative and postoperative bronchial infections, bronchial necrosis and dehiscence, excess granulation tissue, and tracheobronchomalacia (TBM). Anastomosis infection, necrosis, or dehiscence typically develops within the first month after lung transplantation. The most frequent AC after lung transplantation is bronchial stenosis. Several risk factors have been proposed to the development of ACs after lung transplantation, including surgical anastomosis techniques, hypoperfusion, infections, donor and recipient factors, immunosuppression agents, and organ preservation. ACs might be prevented by early recognition of the airway pathology, using advance medical management, and interventional bronchoscopy procedures. Balloon bronchoplasty, cryotherapy, laser photo resection, electrocautery, high-dose endobronchial brachytherapy, and bronchial stents placement are the most frequent interventional bronchoscopic procedures utilized for the management of ACs.
PubMed: 34992847
DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-2696 -
Cancer Medicine Apr 2023Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are epithelial malignancies that can arise from multiple tissues. Gastrointestinal (GI) NETs are the most common; in this review of... (Review)
Review
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are epithelial malignancies that can arise from multiple tissues. Gastrointestinal (GI) NETs are the most common; in this review of extra-abdominal carcinoid tumors, we focus our discussion on bronchial and thymic carcinoid tumors. Bronchial carcinoid tumors comprise a quarter of all NETs and less than 2% of all lung cancers. Thymic carcinoid tumors are extremely rare, accounting for 5% of thymic tumors. Both bronchial and thymic carcinoid tumors are histologically classified as either typical or atypical based on their mitotic rate (less than 2 or 2-10 mitoses per 10 high-powered fields (HPF), respectively). Both bronchial and thymic carcinoids can present with symptoms of obstruction and potentially carcinoid syndrome. The gold standard of management of bronchial and thymic carcinoid tumors is surgical resection. For patients with advanced disease, first-line systemic therapy is generally somatostatin analog monotherapy with octreotide or lanreotide. In patients with refractory disease, therapy generally involves peptide receptor radioligand therapy, everolimus, or cytotoxic chemotherapy. There are ongoing, prospective trials comparing the mainstays of systemic therapy for these patients, as well as ongoing evaluations of immune checkpoint inhibitors and multi-kinase inhibitors. Prognosis for both bronchial and thymic carcinoid tumors depends on histologic grade, local versus invasive disease, and extent of metastases. Herein we provide a summary of the pathophysiologic and clinical background, the current state of the field in diagnosis and management, and note of key ongoing prospective trials for patients with bronchial and thymic carcinoid tumors.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Carcinoid Tumor; Bronchial Neoplasms; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Abdomen
PubMed: 36560885
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5564 -
Pneumo News 2020
Review
PubMed: 33354239
DOI: 10.1007/s15033-020-1938-7