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Medicine Dec 2023To analyze the clinical-pathological characteristics of 3 cases of bronchiolar adenoma/pulmonary ciliary mucinous nodular papillary tumors, and to improve the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the clinical-pathological characteristics of 3 cases of bronchiolar adenoma/pulmonary ciliary mucinous nodular papillary tumors, and to improve the understanding of bronchiolar adenoma (BA)/ciliated muconodular papillary tumors (CMPT) (bronchiolar adenoma/ciliated muconodular papillary tumor).
METHODS
Retrospective analysis was done on the clinical information, diagnosis, and treatment of 3 instances of BA/CMPT at the Second People's Hospital of Weifang City. By scanning the CNKI, Wanfang, VIP database, and Pubmed database using the English key words "bronchiolar adenoma, ciliated muconodular papillary tumor," respectively patients with comprehensive clinical data were gathered, and studies from January 2002 to August 2021 that were relevant to the patients were examined.
RESULTS
A total of 35 articles and 71 instances were found, including 3 cases in our hospital, for a total of 74 cases. There were 31 males and 43 females among them, ranging in age from 18 to 84 years (average 63 years), and 15 cases had a smoking history. The majority of them were discovered by physical examination and had no clinical symptoms. The majority of the imaging revealed solid nodules with variable forms, with some ground-glass nodules displaying vacuole and bronchial inflation signs. BA/CMPT are generally gray-white, gray-brown solid nodules with obvious boundaries but no envelope with a maximum dimension of 4 to 45 mm (average 10.6 mm) on gross examination. Acinar, papillary, and lepidic formations can be seen under the microscope at high magnification; the majority of these structures are made up of tripartite epithelial components, including basal cells, mucous cells, ciliated columnar cells, and alveolar epithelial cells, demonstrating a variety of combinations. An important basis for diagnosis in immunohistochemistry is the continuous positive basal cell layer that is shown by p63, p40, and CK5/6. BRAF and epidermal growth factor receptor are the genes that are most frequently mutated. All of the patients showed no signs of metastasis or recurrence during follow-up period.
CONCLUSION
BA/CMPT is a rare benign tumor of lung epithelium. Because imaging and intraoperative cryosection diagnosis are easy to be misdiagnosed as malignant, it is necessary to further improve understanding and improve immunohistochemistry and genetic examination.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Adenoma; Bronchioles; Epithelial Cells; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous; Retrospective Studies; Case Reports as Topic
PubMed: 38115282
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036559 -
Nature Apr 2022The human lung differs substantially from its mouse counterpart, resulting in a distinct distal airway architecture affected by disease pathology in chronic obstructive...
The human lung differs substantially from its mouse counterpart, resulting in a distinct distal airway architecture affected by disease pathology in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In humans, the distal branches of the airway interweave with the alveolar gas-exchange niche, forming an anatomical structure known as the respiratory bronchioles. Owing to the lack of a counterpart in mouse, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern respiratory bronchioles in the human lung remain uncharacterized. Here we show that human respiratory bronchioles contain a unique secretory cell population that is distinct from cells in larger proximal airways. Organoid modelling reveals that these respiratory airway secretory (RAS) cells act as unidirectional progenitors for alveolar type 2 cells, which are essential for maintaining and regenerating the alveolar niche. RAS cell lineage differentiation into alveolar type 2 cells is regulated by Notch and Wnt signalling. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, RAS cells are altered transcriptionally, corresponding to abnormal alveolar type 2 cell states, which are associated with smoking exposure in both humans and ferrets. These data identify a distinct progenitor in a region of the human lung that is not found in mouse that has a critical role in maintaining the gas-exchange compartment and is altered in chronic lung disease.
Topics: Animals; Bronchioles; Cell Lineage; Ferrets; Humans; Lung; Mice; Multipotent Stem Cells; Pulmonary Alveoli; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
PubMed: 35355013
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04552-0 -
Cell Stem Cell Aug 2014Respiratory disease is the third leading cause of death in the industrialized world. Consequently, the trachea, lungs, and cardiopulmonary vasculature have been the... (Review)
Review
Respiratory disease is the third leading cause of death in the industrialized world. Consequently, the trachea, lungs, and cardiopulmonary vasculature have been the focus of extensive investigations. Recent studies have provided new information about the mechanisms driving lung development and differentiation. However, there is still much to learn about the ability of the adult respiratory system to undergo repair and to replace cells lost in response to injury and disease. This Review highlights the multiple stem/progenitor populations in different regions of the adult lung, the plasticity of their behavior in injury models, and molecular pathways that support homeostasis and repair.
Topics: Animals; Bronchioles; Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Epithelium; Homeostasis; Humans; Lung; Mesoderm; Mice; Pulmonary Alveoli; Regeneration; Respiration; Respiratory System; Signal Transduction; Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering; Trachea
PubMed: 25105578
DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.07.012 -
Nature Genetics Apr 2019Characterizing the stem cells responsible for lung repair and regeneration is important for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Recently, a unique cell population...
Characterizing the stem cells responsible for lung repair and regeneration is important for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Recently, a unique cell population located at the bronchioalveolar-duct junctions has been proposed to comprise endogenous stem cells for lung regeneration. However, the role of bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs) in vivo remains debated, and the contribution of such cells to lung regeneration is not known. Here we generated a genetic lineage-tracing system that uses dual recombinases (Cre and Dre) to specifically track BASCs in vivo. Fate-mapping and clonal analysis showed that BASCs became activated and responded distinctly to different lung injuries, and differentiated into multiple cell lineages including club cells, ciliated cells, and alveolar type 1 and type 2 cells for lung regeneration. This study provides in vivo genetic evidence that BASCs are bona fide lung epithelial stem cells with deployment of multipotency and self-renewal during lung repair and regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Bronchioles; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Cells, Cultured; Epithelial Cells; Genotype; Lung; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Multipotent Stem Cells; Regeneration
PubMed: 30778223
DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0346-6 -
PloS One 2020This study aimed to evaluate the visualization of peripheral bronchioles in normal lungs via quarter-detector computed tomography (QDCT). Visualization of bronchioles...
This study aimed to evaluate the visualization of peripheral bronchioles in normal lungs via quarter-detector computed tomography (QDCT). Visualization of bronchioles within 10 mm from the pleura is considered a sign of bronchiectasis. However, it is not known peripheral bronchioles how close to the pleura in normal lungs can be tracked using QDCT. This study included 228 parts in 76 lungs from 38 consecutive patients who underwent QDCT. Reconstruction was performed with different thicknesses, increments, and matrix sizes: 0.5-mm thickness and increment with 512 and 1024 matrixes (Group5 and Group10, respectively) and 0.25-mm thickness and increment with 1024 matrix (Group10Thin). The distance between the most peripheral bronchiole visible and the pleura was determined in the three groups. The distance between the peripheral bronchial duct ends and the nearest pleural surface were significantly shorter in the order of Group10Thin, Group10, and Group5, and the mean distances from the pleura in Group10Thin and Group10 were shorter than 10 mm. These findings suggest the visualization of peripheral bronchioles in QDCT was better with a 1024 axial matrix than with a 512 matrix, and with a 0.25-mm slice thickness/increment than with a 0.5-mm slice thickness/increment. Our study also indicates bronchioles within 10 mm of the pleura do not necessarily indicate pathology.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bronchiectasis; Bronchioles; Female; Humans; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Pleura; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32946530
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239459 -
Forensic Science, Medicine, and... Jun 2021A 58-year old woman presented for autopsy after having been found unresponsive in a public bathroom surrounded by a pool of blood. During attempts at resuscitation,...
A 58-year old woman presented for autopsy after having been found unresponsive in a public bathroom surrounded by a pool of blood. During attempts at resuscitation, blood was noted in her airway. She had a past medical history that included surgical repair of Tetralogy of Fallot as a child. At autopsy, a shard of glass was identified projecting from the surface of the left lung, having formed densely fibrotic adhesions at the pleural surface. The glass also penetrated through a bronchiole lumen and into a previously surgically repaired bulging right ventricular outflow tract, forming a bronchiole-cardiac fistula, allowing for the massive hemoptysis that led to her death. After further inquiry, it was discovered that the decedent also had a history of seizure disorder and had fallen through a glass door during a seizure many years ago, requiring several shards of glass to be removed from her chest wall.
Topics: Bronchioles; Fatal Outcome; Female; Fistula; Heart Ventricles; Hematemesis; Humans; Middle Aged
PubMed: 33247412
DOI: 10.1007/s12024-020-00320-6 -
American Journal of Respiratory and... May 2023Remodeling and loss of distal conducting airways, including preterminal and terminal bronchioles (pre-TBs/TBs), underlie progressive airflow limitation in chronic...
Remodeling and loss of distal conducting airways, including preterminal and terminal bronchioles (pre-TBs/TBs), underlie progressive airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The cellular basis of these structural changes remains unknown. To identify biological changes in pre-TBs/TBs in COPD at single-cell resolution and determine their cellular origin. We established a novel method of distal airway dissection and performed single-cell transcriptomic profiling of 111,412 cells isolated from different airway regions of 12 healthy lung donors and pre-TBs of 5 patients with COPD. Imaging CyTOF and immunofluorescence analysis of pre-TBs/TBs from 24 healthy lung donors and 11 subjects with COPD were performed to characterize cellular phenotypes at a tissue level. Region-specific differentiation of basal cells isolated from proximal and distal airways was studied using an air-liquid interface model. The atlas of cellular heterogeneity along the proximal-distal axis of the human lung was assembled and identified region-specific cellular states, including terminal airway-enriched secretory cells (TASCs) unique to distal airways. TASCs were lost in COPD pre-TBs/TBs, paralleled by loss of region-specific endothelial capillary cells, increased frequency of CD8 T cells normally enriched in proximal airways, and augmented IFN-γ signaling. Basal cells residing in pre-TBs/TBs were identified as a cellular origin of TASCs. Regeneration of TASCs by these progenitors was suppressed by IFN-γ. Altered maintenance of the unique cellular organization of pre-TBs/TBs, including loss of the region-specific epithelial differentiation in these bronchioles, represents the cellular manifestation and likely the cellular basis of distal airway remodeling in COPD.
Topics: Humans; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Lung; Bronchioles; Diagnostic Imaging
PubMed: 36796082
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202207-1384OC -
American Journal of Respiratory and... Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Bronchioles; Bronchiectasis; Fibrosis
PubMed: 38190706
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202312-2275ED -
American Journal of Respiratory and... Feb 2019
Topics: Bronchioles; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Protein Deficiency; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 30557514
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201811-2117ED -
Pediatrics and Neonatology May 2022
Topics: Adenoviridae; Barotrauma; Bronchioles; Humans; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 35246370
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2021.11.011