-
Viruses Aug 2022Studies have associated the human respiratory syncytial virus which causes seasonal childhood acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis (CABs) with climate change and air...
Studies have associated the human respiratory syncytial virus which causes seasonal childhood acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis (CABs) with climate change and air pollution. We investigated this association using the insurance claims data of 3,965,560 children aged ≤ 12 years from Taiwan from 2006−2016. The monthly average incident CABs increased with increasing PM2.5 levels and exhibited an inverse association with temperature. The incidence was 1.6-fold greater in January than in July (13.7/100 versus 8.81/100), declined during winter breaks (February) and summer breaks (June−August). The highest incidence was 698 cases/day at <20 °C with PM2.5 > 37.0 μg/m3, with an adjusted relative risk (aRR) of 1.01 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.97−1.04) compared to 568 cases/day at <20 °C with PM2.5 < 15.0 μg/m3 (reference). The incidence at ≥30 °C decreased to 536 cases/day (aRR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.85−1.06) with PM2.5 > 37.0 μg/m3 and decreased further to 392 cases/day (aRR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.58−0.65) when PM2.5 was <15.0 μg/m3. In conclusion, CABs infections in children were associated with lowered ambient temperatures and elevated PM2.5 concentrations, and the high PM2.5 levels coincided with low temperature levels. The role of temperature should be considered in the studies of association between PM2.5 and CABs.
Topics: Acute Disease; Bronchiolitis; Bronchitis; Child; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Particulate Matter; Temperature; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 36146739
DOI: 10.3390/v14091932 -
The European Respiratory Journal Aug 2017This European Respiratory Society statement provides a comprehensive overview on protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) in children. A task force of experts, consisting... (Review)
Review
This European Respiratory Society statement provides a comprehensive overview on protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) in children. A task force of experts, consisting of clinicians from Europe and Australia who manage children with PBB determined the overall scope of this statement through consensus. Systematic reviews addressing key questions were undertaken, diagrams in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement constructed and findings of relevant studies summarised. The final content of this statement was agreed upon by all members.The current knowledge regarding PBB is presented, including the definition, microbiology data, known pathobiology, bronchoalveolar lavage findings and treatment strategies to manage these children. Evidence for the definition of PBB was sought specifically and presented. In addition, the task force identified several major clinical areas in PBB requiring further research, including collecting more prospective data to better identify the disease burden within the community, determining its natural history, a better understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms and how to optimise its treatment, with a particular requirement for randomised controlled trials to be conducted in primary care.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Australia; Bacterial Infections; Bronchitis; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Bronchoscopy; Child; Disease Management; Europe; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 28838975
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02139-2016 -
BMC Pulmonary Medicine Feb 2022Chronic bronchitis (CB) is associated with poor outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim of this study was to identify the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Chronic bronchitis (CB) is associated with poor outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics that distinguish chronic bronchitis (CB) from non-CB. In addition, the features of mild CB versus severe CB were compared and a cut-off level was defined according to CAT1 and CAT2 scores.
METHODS
This study was based on the Korea COPD Subgroup Study (KOCOSS) database, constructed in a multicenter COPD cohort study that recruited patients from 54 centers. CB was defined as CAT1 and CAT2 scores ≥ 3; severe CB was defined as CAT1 and CAT2 scores ≥ 4, while mild CB was defined as either a CAT1 or a CAT2 score < 4. Baseline characteristics, 1-year exacerbation rate, and 3-year FEV decline were compared in non-CB versus CB patients and in patients with mild CB versus severe CB.
RESULTS
Among the 2162 patients enrolled in this study, 497 (23%) had CB. These patients were more likely than non-CB patients to be current smokers; they also had higher symptom and depression/anxiety scores. Lung function tests showed lower FEV, FEV/FVC, and DLco values in CB patients. Among CB patients, 67.6% had mild disease. Symptom and depression/anxiety scores were worse in patients with severe CB than in patients with mild CB. There were no significant differences in the lung function tests of the two groups. Analysis of 1-year exacerbation rates in CB patients and non-CB patients revealed that patients with CB more frequently had moderate-to-severe exacerbations (OR = 1.46, p < 0.01). More severe exacerbation was also present in patients with severe CB than in patients with mild CB (OR = 2.52, p = 0.01). The difference in annual FEV decline rate did not significantly differ either between CB patients and non-CB patients or between patients with severe CB and patients with mild CB.
CONCLUSIONS
CB patients had worse symptoms and lung function than non-CB patients; CB patients also had more frequent moderate-to-severe exacerbation. Patients with severe CB had higher symptom scores and more frequent severe exacerbation than did patients with mild CB.
Topics: Aged; Bronchitis; Bronchitis, Chronic; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
PubMed: 35184738
DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-01854-x -
British Medical Journal Jul 1977
Topics: Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Economics, Medical; Home Care Services; Humans; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy
PubMed: 871800
DOI: No ID Found -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Feb 2008
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitussive Agents; Bronchitis; Humans; Prognosis
PubMed: 18272643
DOI: No ID Found -
Chest Aug 1995
Review
Topics: Acute Disease; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Humans; United Kingdom
PubMed: 7634925
DOI: 10.1378/chest.108.2_supplement.43s -
Thorax Feb 2002Airway inflammation with eosinophils is now reported to occur not only in asthma but in other airway diseases such as cough variant asthma, chronic cough, atopic cough,... (Review)
Review
Airway inflammation with eosinophils is now reported to occur not only in asthma but in other airway diseases such as cough variant asthma, chronic cough, atopic cough, episodic symptoms without asthma, allergic rhinitis, and COPD. Although the prevalence of eosinophilic bronchitis (EB) is less than in asthma, the causes, mechanisms and treatment of EB in these conditions appears to be similar to asthma where allergen induced IL-5 secretion and symptoms are readily responsive to inhaled corticosteroids. The prognosis of EB without asthma is not known but it may be a precursor for asthma and, if so, recognition of this syndrome may permit effective treatment and reduction in the rising prevalence of asthma. Induced sputum analysis allows recognition of EB in clinical practice. The place of the asthma treatment paradigm with early and sustained corticosteroid treatment needs to be defined in EB without asthma. Airway wall remodelling can occur in rhinitis, COPD, and cough variant asthma with EB. The mechanisms and long term implications of this complication in EB without asthma need to be clarified.
Topics: Asthma; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Cough; Eosinophilia; Humans; Interleukin-5; Interleukin-8; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial
PubMed: 11828051
DOI: 10.1136/thorax.57.2.178 -
International Journal of Chronic... 2017The purpose of this study was to compare the relative efficacy and safety of different antibiotic drugs and recommend superior regimens in the treatment of bronchitis.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The purpose of this study was to compare the relative efficacy and safety of different antibiotic drugs and recommend superior regimens in the treatment of bronchitis. With respect to the antibiotic comparisons against quinolones in terms of intention-to-treat patients, we concluded that quinolones had advantages over placebo, β-lactams, sulfonamides, and double β-lactams. Concerning treatment methods for clinically evaluable patients, quinolones demonstrated better performance than β-lactams and sulfonamides. The secondary effects of macrolides, quinolones, and double β-lactams were significantly more adverse than β-lactams with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.5 (95% credible interval [CrI] =1.1-2.0), 1.7 (95% CrI =1.2-2.3), and 2.7 (95% CrI =1.8-4.1), respectively. Significant differences in the prevalence of diarrhea as a secondary effect were only identified among the comparisons of double β-lactams against β-lactams and macrolides (OR =5.0, 95% CrI =2.1-12.0; OR =3.0, 95% CrI =1.7-5.4, respectively). Quinolones can be recommended as the superior treatment for bronchitis, in accordance with our cluster analysis with surface under the cumulative ranking curve. The primary outcomes of network meta-analysis indicated that quinolones showed the best performance among the 8 treatments studied, although β-lactams showed the lowest risk of adverse side effects. Quinolones are recommended as the primary treatment option for bronchitis patients, having taking into account the success rates and safety profiles of the eight drugs studied here.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchitis; Cluster Analysis; Diarrhea; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestines; Odds Ratio; Patient Safety; Quinolones; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28848340
DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S139521 -
Phytomedicine : International Journal... Jul 2023Tropaeolum majus herb (nasturtium) and Armoracia rusticana root (horseradish) produce three different isothiocyanates as secondary metabolites, which exert... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Tropaeolum majus herb (nasturtium) and Armoracia rusticana root (horseradish) produce three different isothiocyanates as secondary metabolites, which exert antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory functions in humans.
PURPOSE
Combined in the medicinal product ANGOCIN® Anti-Infekt N, the two natural components demonstrated promising effects against acute bronchitis.
STUDY DESIGN
A randomized, two-armed, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase IV study revealed the healing fostering effect of the two herbal plant components METHODS: This study included 384 patients, with 195 in the treatment and 189 in the placebo group. The 'bronchitis severity score' (BSS) was utilized as primary endpoint. This score sums the ratings for five significant bronchitis symptoms, which are established at the patient's visits to the clinic.
RESULTS
Compared to placebo intake, the group of patients treated with the phytomedicine showed statistically significant accelerated healing of bronchitis symptoms after three days of treatment, with reductions in coughing, mucous production, and chest pain. This beneficial effect persisted for the entire duration of treatment until day ten.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, a combination of Tropaeolum majus herb and Armoracia rusticana root promotes an elevated improvement of bronchitis symptomatology.
Topics: Humans; Armoracia; Tropaeolum; Bronchitis; Plant Extracts; Phytotherapy; Acute Disease
PubMed: 37167822
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154838 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Oct 2023: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of immunological biomarkers in children with asthmatic bronchitis and asthma and to develop a machine learning...
: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of immunological biomarkers in children with asthmatic bronchitis and asthma and to develop a machine learning (ML) model for rapid differential diagnosis of these two diseases. : Immunological biomarkers in peripheral blood were detected using flow cytometry and immunoturbidimetry. The importance of characteristic variables was ranked and screened using random forest and extra trees algorithms. Models were constructed and tested using the Scikit-learn ML library. K-fold cross-validation and Brier scores were used to evaluate and screen models. : Children with asthmatic bronchitis and asthma exhibit distinct degrees of immune dysregulation characterized by divergent patterns of humoral and cellular immune responses. CD8 T cells and B cells were more dominant in differentiating the two diseases among many immunological biomarkers. Random forest showed a comprehensive high performance compared with other models in learning and training the dataset of immunological biomarkers. : This study developed a prediction model for early differential diagnosis of asthmatic bronchitis and asthma using immunological biomarkers. Evaluation of the immune status of patients may provide additional clinical information for those children transforming from asthmatic bronchitis to asthma under recurrent attacks.
Topics: Humans; Child; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Asthma; Bronchitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37893483
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101765