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British Journal of Anaesthesia Dec 2009The incidence of asthma is increasing worldwide, but morbidity and mortality are decreasing because of improvements in medical care. Although the incidence of severe... (Review)
Review
The incidence of asthma is increasing worldwide, but morbidity and mortality are decreasing because of improvements in medical care. Although the incidence of severe perioperative bronchospasm is relatively low in asthmatics undergoing anaesthesia, when it does occur it may be life-threatening. The keys to an uncomplicated perioperative course are assiduous attention to detail in preoperative assessment, and maintenance of the anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory regimens through the perioperative period. Potential trigger agents should be identified and avoided. Many routinely used anaesthetic agents have an ameliorative effect on airway constriction. Nonetheless, acute bronchospasm can still occur, especially at induction and emergence, and should be promptly and methodically managed.
Topics: Anesthesia; Asthma; Bronchial Spasm; Bronchodilator Agents; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Perioperative Care
PubMed: 20007991
DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep271 -
Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology... Oct 2005
Review
Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Aspirin; Asthma; Bronchial Spasm; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Inhalation; Leukotriene Antagonists; Theophylline
PubMed: 16279556
DOI: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61144-1 -
Fel'dsher I Akusherka Oct 1986
Topics: Asthma; Bronchial Spasm; Bronchitis; Humans; Pulmonary Emphysema
PubMed: 3643119
DOI: No ID Found -
Paediatric Anaesthesia Feb 2022Bronchospasm is a common respiratory adverse event in pediatric anesthesia. First-line treatment commonly includes inhaled salbutamol. This review focuses on the current... (Review)
Review
Bronchospasm is a common respiratory adverse event in pediatric anesthesia. First-line treatment commonly includes inhaled salbutamol. This review focuses on the current best practice to deliver aerosolized medications to awake as well as anesthetized pediatric patients and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various administration techniques. Additionally, we detail the differences between various airway devices used in anesthesia. We highlight the unmet need for innovation of orally inhaled drug products to deliver aerosolized medications during pediatric respiratory critical events such as bronchospasm. It is therefore important that clinicians remain up to date with the best clinical practice for aerosolized drug delivery in order to prevent and efficiently treat pediatric patients experiencing life-threatening respiratory emergencies.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Aerosols; Albuterol; Bronchial Spasm; Child; Humans; Nebulizers and Vaporizers; Wakefulness
PubMed: 34862993
DOI: 10.1111/pan.14354 -
Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu 1994
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Nurse Anesthesia Dec 1990Bronchospasm is an anesthetic emergency that can lead to life-threatening respiratory and cardiac complications. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for... (Review)
Review
Bronchospasm is an anesthetic emergency that can lead to life-threatening respiratory and cardiac complications. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for successful patient outcomes. Recognition of true bronchospasm can be difficult, particularly in anesthetized patients. This article will review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of perioperative bronchospasm.
Topics: Anesthesia; Bronchial Spasm; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 2285729
DOI: No ID Found -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2002The term exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) describes the acute transient airway narrowing that occurs during and most often after exercise in 10 to 50% of elite... (Review)
Review
The term exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) describes the acute transient airway narrowing that occurs during and most often after exercise in 10 to 50% of elite athletes, depending upon the sport examined. Although multiple factors are unquestionably involved in the EIB response, airway drying caused by a high exercise-ventilation rate is primary in most cases. The severity of this reaction reflects the allergic predisposition of the athlete, the water content of the inspired air, the type and concentration of air pollutants inspired, and the intensity (or ventilation rate) of the exercise. The highest prevalence of EIB is seen in winter-sport populations, where athletes are chronically exposed to cold dry air and/or environmental pollutants found in indoor ice arenas. When airway surface liquid lost during the natural warming and humidification process of respiration is not replenished at a rate equal to the loss, the ensuing osmolarity change stimulates the release of inflammatory mediators and results in bronchospasm; this cascade of events is exacerbated by airway inflammation and airway remodelling. The acute EIB response is characterised by airway smooth muscle contraction, membrane swelling, and/or mucus plug formation. Evidence suggests that histamine, leukotrienes and prostanoids are likely mediators for this response. Although the presence of symptoms and a basic physical examination are marginally effective, objective measures of lung function should be used for accurate and reliable diagnosis of EIB. Diagnosis should include baseline spirometry, followed by an appropriate bronchial provocation test. To date, the best test to confirm EIB may simply be standard pulmonary function testing before and after high-intensity dry air exercise. A 10% post-challenge fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second is used as diagnostic criteria. The goal of medical intervention is to limit EIB exacerbation and allow the athlete to train and compete symptom free. This is attempted through daily controller medications such as inhaled corticosteroids or by the prophylactic use of medications before exercise. In many cases, EIB is difficult to control. These and other data suggest that EIB in the elite athlete is in contrast with classic asthma.
Topics: Asthma, Exercise-Induced; Bronchial Spasm; Humans; Prevalence; Respiratory Function Tests; Risk Factors; Seasons
PubMed: 12096931
DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200232090-00004 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular... Oct 2022
Topics: Anaphylaxis; Bronchial Spasm; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Humans
PubMed: 35909041
DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.06.027 -
Anaesthesia Apr 1980
Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Bronchial Spasm; Ergonovine; Female; Humans; Pregnancy
PubMed: 7435910
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1980.tb05138.x -
The Heart Surgery Forum Jun 2021Severe bronchospasm during cardiopulmonary bypass is an unusual but potentially fatal event. No literature previously has reported such an event observed during surgery...
Severe bronchospasm during cardiopulmonary bypass is an unusual but potentially fatal event. No literature previously has reported such an event observed during surgery for type A aortic dissection. Herein, we report on a case of severe bronchospasm following cardiopulmonary bypass, during aortic surgery for type A aortic dissection. Bronchospasm did not respond to any conventional therapy, necessitating extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation thus serves as an alternative and effective therapy for refractory bronchospasm.
Topics: Aortic Dissection; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic; Bronchial Spasm; Bronchoscopy; Computed Tomography Angiography; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Male; Middle Aged; Severity of Illness Index; Vascular Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 34173769
DOI: 10.1532/hsf.3529