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Journal of Microbiological Methods Jan 2021Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus account for almost all cases of brucellosis in Turkish population. We developed a fourplex quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR)...
Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus account for almost all cases of brucellosis in Turkish population. We developed a fourplex quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for the electrophoresis-free, rapid and cost-effective differentiation of B. abortus and B. melitensis from the other Brucella spp. The 4-plex species differentiation assay was combined with a qPCR assay targeting 17 different single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci in Brucella genomes. This combination resulted in a 21 Variable Genome Loci (21-VGL) qPCR assay for high resolution genotyping of B. abortus and B. melitensis. A total of 486 Brucella was analyzed using the qPCR assay to create a 21-VGL profile database. The database contained the profiles of 55 B. abortus, 352 B. melitensis, 3 B. ceti, 6 B. neotomae, 7 B. ovis, 6 B. pinnipedialis, 44 B. suis and 13 B. canis strains. The 21-VGL Brucella genotyping clearly distinguished B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. neotomae and B. ovis. The 21-VGL approach could not distinguish B. pinnipedialis from B. ceti and some B. suis genotypes from B. canis. The results revealed that more than 99% of the Brucella isolates in Turkey were B. melitensis and 21-VGL genotyping can be reduced to 8-VGL B. melitensis genotyping without any loss of genotyping resolution. To our knowledge, we introduced the fastest and the lowest-cost B. abortus and B. melitensis genotyping and species differentiation methodology in the literature.
Topics: Brucella abortus; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; DNA, Bacterial; Genetic Loci; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Genotyping Techniques; Humans; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Turkey
PubMed: 33333100
DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106125 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Mar 2024Aminoglycosides are vital antibiotics for treating Brucella infections, because they interfere with bacterial protein production and are often combined with other... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Aminoglycosides are vital antibiotics for treating Brucella infections, because they interfere with bacterial protein production and are often combined with other antibiotics. They are cost-effective, have fewer side effects, and can penetrate biofilms. The prevalence of brucellosis has increased in recent years, increasing the need for effective treatments. In addition, the emergence of multidrug-resistant Brucella strains has highlighted the need for an updated and comprehensive understanding of aminoglycoside resistance. This systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the global prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance in B. melitensis and B. abortus.
METHODS
A systematic search of online databases was conducted and eligible studies met certain criteria and were published in English. Quality assessment was performed using the JBI Checklist. A random-effects model was fitted to the data, and meta-regression, subgroup, and outlier/influential analyses were performed. The analysis was performed using R and the metafor package.
RESULTS
The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that the average prevalence rates of streptomycin, gentamicin, and amikacin resistance were 0.027 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.015-0.049), 0.023 (95% CI, 0.017-0.032), and 0.008 (95% CI, 0.002-0.039), respectively. The prevalence of streptomycin resistance was higher in the unidentified Brucella group than in the B. abortus and B. melitensis groups (0.234, 0.046, and 0.017, respectively; p < 0.02). The prevalence of gentamicin resistance increased over time (r = 0.064; 95% CI, 0.018 to 0.111; p = 0.007). The prevalence of resistance did not correlate with the quality score for any antibiotic. Funnel plots showed a potential asymmetry for streptomycin and gentamicin. These results suggest a low prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the studied populations.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance in B. melitensis and B. abortus was low. However, gentamicin resistance has increased in recent years. This review provides a comprehensive and updated understanding of aminoglycoside resistance in B. melitensis and B. abortus.
Topics: Humans; Brucella melitensis; Brucella abortus; Aminoglycosides; Prevalence; Brucellosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Streptomycin; Gentamicins
PubMed: 38228936
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01233-6 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Apr 2020We isolated Brucella melitensis biovar 3 from the spleen of an Asian badger (Meles leucurus) in Nilka County, northwestern China. Our investigation showed that this...
We isolated Brucella melitensis biovar 3 from the spleen of an Asian badger (Meles leucurus) in Nilka County, northwestern China. Our investigation showed that this isolate had a common multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis 16 genotype, similar to bacterial isolates from local aborted sheep fetuses.
Topics: Animals; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; China; Genotype; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Mustelidae; Sheep
PubMed: 32187504
DOI: 10.3201/eid2604.190833 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Nov 2017
Topics: Animals; Brucella abortus; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Cattle; Dogs; Goats; Humans; Sheep; Swine; Vietnam; Zoonoses
PubMed: 28669842
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.06.028 -
PLoS Pathogens Jun 2022Brucellae are facultative intracellular Gram-negative coccobacilli that chronically infect various mammals and cause brucellosis. Human brucellosis is among the most...
Brucellae are facultative intracellular Gram-negative coccobacilli that chronically infect various mammals and cause brucellosis. Human brucellosis is among the most common bacterial zoonoses and the vast majority of cases are attributed to B. melitensis. Using transposon sequencing (Tn-seq) analysis, we showed that among 3369 predicted genes of the B. melitensis genome, 861 are required for optimal growth in rich medium and 186 additional genes appeared necessary for survival of B. melitensis in RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro. As the mucosal immune system represents the first defense against Brucella infection, we investigated the early phase of pulmonary infection in mice. In situ analysis at the single cell level indicates a succession of killing and growth phases, followed by heterogenous proliferation of B. melitensis in alveolar macrophages during the first 48 hours of infection. Tn-seq analysis identified 94 additional genes that are required for survival in the lung at 48 hours post infection. Among them, 42 genes are common to RAW 264.7 macrophages and the lung conditions, including the T4SS and purine synthesis genes. But 52 genes are not identified in RAW 264.7 macrophages, including genes implicated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis, methionine transport, tryptophan synthesis as well as fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Interestingly, genes implicated in LPS synthesis and β oxidation of fatty acids are no longer required in Interleukin (IL)-17RA-/- mice and asthmatic mice, respectively. This demonstrates that the immune status determines which genes are required for optimal survival and growth of B. melitensis in vivo.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Mammals; Mice
PubMed: 35771771
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010621 -
Archives of Microbiology Dec 2021The invA gene of Brucella melitensis codes for a NUDIX (nucleoside diphosphate linked to moiety X) hydrolase related to invasiveness. The objective of this work was to...
The invA gene of Brucella melitensis codes for a NUDIX (nucleoside diphosphate linked to moiety X) hydrolase related to invasiveness. The objective of this work was to evaluate invA transcription under acidic conditions. The invA gene transcription was up regulated at pH 3 and pH 5 observed with semiquantitative real-time PCR in B. melitensis 133 strain. Results indicated that invA gene transcription at pH 3 showed a basal and decreased transcription compared to that of pH 5 incubation. Transcription levels of the dnaK gene were similar to those obtained with invA gene. The survival rates of wild type and invA mutant strains at pH 5 were above 90% in all post-incubation times. In contrast, at pH 3 there was a time-dependent reduction on both strains at 15 min (P < 0.05). These results suggest that invA gene transcription is promoted under acidic conditions in Brucella melitensis.
Topics: Acids; Brucella melitensis
PubMed: 34935076
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02664-1 -
Veterinary Microbiology Dec 2002The genome of Brucella melitensis strain 16M was sequenced and contained 3,294,931 bp distributed over two circular chromosomes. Chromosome I was composed of 2,117,144... (Review)
Review
The genome of Brucella melitensis strain 16M was sequenced and contained 3,294,931 bp distributed over two circular chromosomes. Chromosome I was composed of 2,117,144 bp and chromosome II has 1,177,787 bp. A total of 3,198 ORFs were predicted. The origins of replication of the chromosomes are similar to each other and to those of other alpha-proteobacteria. Housekeeping genes such as those that encode for DNA replication, protein synthesis, core metabolism, and cell-wall biosynthesis were found on both chromosomes. Genes encoding adhesins, invasins, and hemolysins were also identified.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Brucella melitensis; Genome, Bacterial; Heat-Shock Proteins; Open Reading Frames
PubMed: 12414174
DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00238-9 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Jun 2005
Review
Topics: Antibodies, Bacterial; Brucella; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Dairy Products; Doxycycline; Drug Therapy, Combination; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Prevalence; Recurrence; Rifampin; Streptomycin
PubMed: 15930423
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra050570 -
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 2016Brucella spp. prosthetic joint infections are infrequently reported in the literature, particularly in returning travellers, and optimal treatment is unknown. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Brucella spp. prosthetic joint infections are infrequently reported in the literature, particularly in returning travellers, and optimal treatment is unknown.
METHOD
We describe a prosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by Brucella melitensis in a traveller returning to the UK from Thailand, which we believe to be the first detailed report of brucellosis in a traveller returning from this area. The 23 patients with Brucella-related PJI reported in the literature are summarised, together with our case.
RESULTS
The diagnosis of Brucella-related PJI is difficult to make; only 30% of blood cultures and 75% of joint aspiration cultures were positive in the reported cases. Culture of intraoperative samples provides the best diagnostic yield. In the absence of radiological evidence of joint loosening, combination antimicrobial therapy alone may be appropriate treatment in the first instance; this was successful in 6/7 [86%] of patients, though small numbers of patients and the likelihood of reporting bias warrant caution in drawing any firm conclusions about optimal treatment. Aerosolisation of synovial fluid during joint aspiration procedures and nosocomial infection has been described.
CONCLUSIONS
Brucella-related PJI should be considered in the differential of travellers returning from endemic areas with PJI, including Thailand. Personal protective equipment including fit tested filtering face piece-3 (FFP3) mask or equivalent is recommended for personnel carrying out joint aspiration when brucellosis is suspected. Travellers can reduce the risk of brucellosis by avoiding unpasteurised dairy products and animal contact (particularly on farms and abattoirs) in endemic areas and should be counselled regarding these risks as part of their pre-travel assessment.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Doxycycline; Female; Humans; Joints; Male; Middle Aged; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Rifampin; Thailand; Travel; United Kingdom; Young Adult
PubMed: 27591088
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.08.010 -
British Journal of Haematology Apr 2020
Topics: Bone Marrow; Brucella melitensis; Female; Humans; Middle Aged
PubMed: 32189323
DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16399