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International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2023, the causative agent of brucellosis, poses a significant public health and animal husbandry threat. However, the role of the alanine racemase () gene, which encodes...
, the causative agent of brucellosis, poses a significant public health and animal husbandry threat. However, the role of the alanine racemase () gene, which encodes alanine racemase in , remains unclear. Here, we analyzed an deletion mutant and a complemented strain of S2. The knockout strain displayed an unaltered, smooth phenotype in acriflavine agglutination tests but lacked the core polysaccharide portion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Genes involved in the LPS synthesis were significantly upregulated in the deletion mutant. The deletion strain exhibited reduced intracellular viability in the macrophages, increased macrophage-mediated killing, and upregulation of the apoptosis markers. Bcl2, an anti-apoptotic protein, was downregulated, while the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3, were upregulated in the macrophages infected with the deletion strain. The infected macrophages showed increased mitochondrial membrane permeability, Cytochrome C release, and reactive oxygen species, activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. These findings revealed that alanine racemase was dispensable in S2 but influenced the strain's rough features and triggered the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway during macrophage invasion. The deletion of the gene reduced the intracellular survival and virulence. This study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying 's survival and virulence and, specifically, how gene affects host immune evasion by regulating bacterial LPS biosynthesis.
Topics: Animals; Brucella suis; Lipopolysaccharides; Virulence; Alanine Racemase; Brucellosis
PubMed: 37445922
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310744 -
One Health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) Jun 2024Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease affecting animals and subsistence harvesters in the circumarctic. We investigated recent trends (2015-2022) of brucellosis...
Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease affecting animals and subsistence harvesters in the circumarctic. We investigated recent trends (2015-2022) of brucellosis seropositivity in caribou () and muskoxen () in the Central Canadian Arctic by using data from community-based wildlife health surveillance programs. The overall sample prevalence of a antibodies was 10.0% ( = 271) in muskoxen and 15.5% ( = 277) in caribou. Sample seroprevalence in muskoxen varied geographically with an increasing trend of exposure on NW Victoria Island (from 0% to 36.8% between 2016 and 2022; Kendall tau = 0.283, = 0.001). The presence of biovar 4 was confirmed by culture from clinical cases in this area. Our results indicate that biovar 4 continues to circulate in the Central Canadian Arctic in caribou and muskoxen and may be now circulating in muskoxen independently from caribou. These findings highlight the need to better understand the ecology and drivers of brucellosis emergence in Arctic multi-host systems.
PubMed: 38590630
DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100712 -
Veterinary Microbiology Jul 2023Brucella suis commonly infects swine but occasionally also other animal species and humans. Wild boars are the most important reservoir of B. suis biovar 2, continually...
Brucella suis commonly infects swine but occasionally also other animal species and humans. Wild boars are the most important reservoir of B. suis biovar 2, continually infecting susceptible hosts through close contact. Nevertheless, the genetic diversity of B. suis in wildlife remains understudied. Here, we typed 17 Slovenian B. suis biovar 2 isolates obtained in 2017-2019 from wild boars (n = 16) and a hare (n = 1) using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). To assess the global phylogenetic diversity of B. suis, we compared them to 126 publicly available B. suis genomes. All Slovenian isolates fell within the biovar 2 lineage, confirming the previous multiplex PCR typing results. According to MLST-21, the wild boar isolates were of sequence types (STs) ST16 (n = 8) and ST153 (n = 8); the maximum genetic distance between isolates of the same ST was 28 wgMLST alleles. The ST153 isolates were restricted to the Slovenian-Croatian border and clustered together with the Croatian ST153 isolates from swine, indicating cross-border transmission of B. suis ST153 strain. The hare isolate was of ST40 and was genetically distant (≥ 489 alleles) from the wild boar isolates. The genome-wide phylogeny clearly separated different B. suis biovars. The present study is the first report on the population structure of B. suis in wildlife in Slovenia and shows that the Slovenian B. suis population is genetically heterogeneous. At the species level, B. suis biovars are clearly separated in the WGS-based phylogenetic tree and can therefore be reliably predicted using WGS.
Topics: Humans; Swine; Animals; Brucella suis; Animals, Wild; Phylogeography; Brucellosis; Phylogeny; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Hares; Sus scrofa; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 37104938
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109751 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Brucellosis remains an important zoonotic disease in several parts of the world; in Greece, although it is declining, it is still endemic, affecting both the financial...
Brucellosis remains an important zoonotic disease in several parts of the world; in Greece, although it is declining, it is still endemic, affecting both the financial and public health sectors. The current study was undertaken to investigate the presence and distribution of virulence-associated genes among spp. clinical strains isolated during 2001-2022. Species identification was performed using conventional methodology and Bruce-ladder PCR. The presence of the virulence genes N, A, A, A, 19, , and B was investigated using PCR. During the study period, a total of 334 isolates were identified, of which 328 (98.2%) were detected from positive blood cultures; 315 (94.3%) of the isolates were identified as , whilst the remaining 16 (4.8%) and 3 (0.9%) were identified as and , respectively. Notably, two of the were assigned to the REV-1 vaccine strain type. The presence of the 19, A, N and A genes was confirmed in all 315 isolates, while , A, and B genes were detected in all but 9, 2, 1 and 1 of the isolates, respectively. All eight virulence genes were amplified in all and isolates. The detection rate of virulence genes did not differ significantly among species. In conclusion, brucellosis is still considered a prevailing zoonotic disease in Greece, with the majority of the isolates identified as . The eight pathogenicity-associated genes were present in almost all isolates, although the gene was absent from a limited number of isolates.
PubMed: 38003739
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111274 -
BMC Veterinary Research Oct 2023Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease caused by Brucella, which causes enormous economic losses and public burden to epidemic areas. Early and precise diagnosis and...
BACKGROUND
Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease caused by Brucella, which causes enormous economic losses and public burden to epidemic areas. Early and precise diagnosis and timely culling of infected animals are crucial to prevent the infection and spread of Brucella. In recent years, RNA-guided CRISPR/Cas12a(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and its associated protein 12a) nucleases have shown great promise in nucleic acid detection. This research aims to develop a CRISPR/CAST (CRISPR/Cas12a Test strip) package that can rapidly detect Brucella nucleic acid during on-site screening, especially on remote family pastures. The CRISPR/Cas12a system combined with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and lateral flow read-out.
RESULTS
We selected the conserved gene bp26, which commonly used in Brucella infection detection and compared on Genbank with other Brucella species. The genomes of Brucella abortus 2308, Brucella suis S2, Brucella melitansis 16 M, and Brucella suis 1330, et al. were aligned, and the sequences were found to be consistent. Therefore, the experiments were only performed on B. melitensis. With the CRISPR/CAST package, the assay of Brucella nucleic acid can be completed within 30 min under isothermal temperature conditions, with a sensitivity of 10 copies/μl. Additionally, no antigen cross-reaction was observed against Yersinia enterocolitica O:9, Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella enterica serovar Urbana O:30, and Francisella tularensis. The serum samples of 398 sheep and 100 cattle were tested by the CRISPR/CAST package, of which 31 sheep and 8 cattle were Brucella DNA positive. The detection rate was consistent with the qPCR results and higher than that of the Rose Bengal Test (RBT, 19 sheep and 5 cattle were serum positive).
CONCLUSIONS
The CRISPR/CAST package can accurately detect Brucella DNA in infected livestock within 30 min and exhibits several advantages, including simplicity, speed, high sensitivity, and strong specificity with no window period. In addition, no expensive equipment, standard laboratory, or professional operators are needed for the package. It is an effective tool for screening in the field and obtaining early, rapid diagnoses of Brucella infection. The package is an efficient tool for preventing and controlling epidemics.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Sheep; Livestock; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Brucellosis; Brucella abortus; DNA; Nucleic Acids; Cattle Diseases; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 37833763
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03767-1 -
Cureus Jan 2024Brucellosis is an infectious illness contracted by humans through the consumption of unpasteurized milk and dairy items. organisms are diminutive, gram-negative,...
INTRODUCTION
Brucellosis is an infectious illness contracted by humans through the consumption of unpasteurized milk and dairy items. organisms are diminutive, gram-negative, non-motile, and non-spore-forming facultative intracellular, aerobic intracellular coccobacilli residing within the reproductive organs of host animals, leading to conditions such as abortions and sterility. Numerous species of have been identified, with the following four exhibiting varying degrees of pathogenicity in humans: (originating from sheep), (associated with pigs), (linked to cattle), and (found in dogs). and demonstrate the highest level of pathogenicity, while and exhibit a more moderate degree of pathogenicity. The illness can progress to systemic involvement, with the musculoskeletal system being particularly susceptible to complications. Spinal epidural abscess is an infrequent complication that may occur during spondylitis caused by species. Epidural abscesses most commonly affect the lumbar vertebrae, while their involvement in the cervical spine is relatively rare.
OBJECTIVE
In this review, we explore spine brucellosis, covering its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and evolving treatments. We aim to enhance early detection, timely intervention, and patient outcomes.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
This retrospective chart analysis was conducted by revising all medical files for patients in whom spinal brucellosis was diagnosed and managed.
RESULTS
This study was conducted at King Hussein Medical Center (KHMC), Jordan, and included a total of 20 patients who were diagnosed with spine brucellosis during the study period. Within the final cohort, 65% of the patients were male (13/20), with an average age at diagnosis of 47.53±14.98 years (ranging from 4 to 61 years). The female group, on the other hand, had an average age at diagnosis of 51.12±15.55 years (ranging from 3 to 58 years). Statistical analysis of the data revealed no significant demographic differences between the two groups. Regarding the co-morbidities, no statistical differences were observed between the two groups. Examining the occupational status of the two groups, no differences were observed. Also, no differences were observed between the two groups regarding the residence place, or the spinal segment involved.
CONCLUSION
Spine brucellosis, although uncommon, poses a complex clinical challenge. Early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial for effective management. Further research is needed to refine diagnostic tools and treatment guidelines for spine brucellosis.
PubMed: 38318596
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51761 -
Toxins Nov 2023is a notorious zoonotic disease caused by , which can lead to reproductive diseases in humans and animals, such as infertility and abortion. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)...
is a notorious zoonotic disease caused by , which can lead to reproductive diseases in humans and animals, such as infertility and abortion. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are the main virulence factor of . LPS derived from are different and non-classical and are less toxic and less active than LPS isolated from However, the effects and possible mechanisms of LPS-caused pregnancy loss remain to be revealed. In the present study, we investigated the effects of S2 LPS on early pregnancy loss in mice. The results indicated that embryo implantation failure was induced by LPS treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The injection of LPS mainly resulted in fibrinolysis in the decidual area of the uterus on the 6th day post coition (dpc), infiltration of large granular cells among the decidual cells near the embryo on the 8th dpc, a large number of gaps in the decidual area, and cell necrosis around the embryo. In addition, the expression of Cyclin D3 mRNA in the uterus on the 7th and 8th dpc and IGFBP-1 mRNA and the progesterone receptor in the uterus on the 6th and 7th dpc were also inhibited. Moreover, the expression of decidualization marker Cyclin D3 and decidualization prolactin-associated protein (dPRP) in endometrial stromal cells were also inhibited by LPS treatment in vitro. In summary, LPS affect the process of endometrial decidualization in mice by affecting the structure of the decidua and the expression of decidual marker factors in endometrial stromal cells.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Mice; Animals; Decidua; Lipopolysaccharides; Brucella suis; Cyclin D3; Escherichia coli; Uterus; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 37999525
DOI: 10.3390/toxins15110662 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023The presence of bacterial pathogens such as spp., spp., , , spp., spp., and not only hampers pig production but also carries significant zoonotic implications. The... (Review)
Review
The presence of bacterial pathogens such as spp., spp., , , spp., spp., and not only hampers pig production but also carries significant zoonotic implications. The present study aims to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis spanning over 13 years (2010-2023) to ascertain the prevalence of these zoonotic bacterial pathogens in Indian pig populations. The study seeks to synthesize data from diverse geographic regions within India and underscores the relevance of the One Health framework. A systematic search of electronic databases was meticulously performed. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies detailing zoonotic bacterial pathogen prevalence in pigs within India during the specified timeframe. Pertinent information including authors, publication year, geographical location, sampling techniques, sample sizes, and pathogen-positive case counts were meticulously extracted. The meta-analysis of zoonotic bacterial pathogens in Indian pig populations (2010-2023) unveiled varying prevalence rates: 9% spp., 22% spp., 19% , 12% , 10% spp. and , and 24% spp. The application of random effects further revealed additional variability: 6% spp., 23% spp., 24% , 14% , 10% spp. and , and 35% spp. Notably, the observed heterogeneity (I) varied significantly from 87% to 99%. The meta-analysis findings underscore the pervasive nature of these diseases throughout India's pig populations, accentuating the substantial impact of these pathogens on pig health and the potential for zoonotic transmission. The present study reinforces the importance of the adoption of a comprehensive One Health approach that acknowledges the intricate interplay between animal, human and environmental health.
PubMed: 37887783
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101266 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023In 2021, a case of canine brucellosis diagnosed in a dog with orchitis was presented to a veterinary practice in Germany. Serological testing excluded (.) as a...
In 2021, a case of canine brucellosis diagnosed in a dog with orchitis was presented to a veterinary practice in Germany. Serological testing excluded (.) as a causative agent, but molecular analysis revealed the presence of biovar 1. Since biovar 1 is not endemic in Europe and the dog had no history of travel to endemic areas, a comprehensive epidemiological investigation was conducted using whole genome sequence data to determine the source of infection. We describe the clinical progress of the animal and the potential infection of a veterinary clinic employee. The findings highlight the importance of considering less common species as possible causes of canine brucellosis. The data also emphasize that it is quite challenging to identify species in a routine diagnostic laboratory and to conduct epidemiological investigations to unveil possible transmission routes.
PubMed: 37601758
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1233118