-
BMC Oral Health Jul 2023Most people's tooth brushing performance is deficient, even when they are encouraged to brush to the best of their abilities. The aim of the present study was to explore... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Most people's tooth brushing performance is deficient, even when they are encouraged to brush to the best of their abilities. The aim of the present study was to explore the nature of this deficit by comparing best-possible vs. as-usual brushing.
METHODS
University students (N = 111) were randomly assigned to receive one of two instructions: "brush your teeth as usual" (AU-instruction) or "brush your teeth to the best of your abilities" (BP-instruction). Video analyses assessed brushing performance. The marginal plaque index (MPI) assessed after brushing was used as an indicator of brushing effectiveness. A questionnaire assessed subjectively perceived oral cleanliness (SPOC).
RESULTS
Participants in the BP group brushed their teeth longer (p = 0.008, d = 0.57) and used interdental devices more often (p < 0.001). No group differences emerged in the distribution of brushing time among surfaces, the percentage of brushing techniques used beyond horizontal scrubbing, or the appropriate use of interdental devices (all p > 0.16, all d < 0.30). Plaque persisted at the majority of the sections of the gingival margins, and the groups did not differ in this respect (p = 0.15; d = 0.22). SPOC values in the BP group were higher than those in the AU group (p = 0.006; d = 0.54). Both groups overestimated their actual oral cleanliness by approximately twofold.
CONCLUSIONS
Compared to their usual brushing effort, study participants increased their effort when asked to brush their teeth in the best possible manner. However, that increase in effort was ineffective in terms of oral cleanliness. The results indicate that people's concept of optimized brushing refers to quantitative aspects (e.g., longer duration, more interdental hygiene) rather than qualitative aspects (e.g., considering inner surfaces and gingival margins, appropriate use of dental floss).
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study was registered in the appropriate national register ( www.drks.de ; ID: DRKS00017812; date of registration: 27/08/2019 - retrospectively registered).
Topics: Humans; Toothbrushing; Gingivitis; Tooth; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index
PubMed: 37415160
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03127-3 -
Ciencia & Saude Coletiva 2019This study investigated the mediation of self-esteem in adolescents' oral health behaviors. The Rosenberg self-esteem scale was used to assess self-esteem, whereas data...
This study investigated the mediation of self-esteem in adolescents' oral health behaviors. The Rosenberg self-esteem scale was used to assess self-esteem, whereas data from socio-demographic and behavior characteristics were analyzed by questions validated in previous surveys. The teenagers had good oral health behavior, except unhealthy diet. The number of adolescents with high self-esteem was a lot smaller than those with low self-esteem. The use of dental services, even when associated with high self-esteem, lost significance after being adjusted by sex, age and tooth brushing frequency. Nevertheless, multiple logistic regression analysis, using unadjusted estimates and adjusted with their respective Confidence Intervals of 95%, showed a relationship of self-esteem with age (p-value=0.001) and tooth brushing frequency (p-value=0.019). Regardless of the sex, students over 16 years old with high self-esteem brush their teeth more often, having probably better oral health. These results confirm the modulation of self-esteem in oral health, and then it is necessary the analysis and the use of these psychosocial factors in the young oral health care.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Care; Diet; Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Male; Oral Health; Self Concept; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; Toothbrushing; Young Adult
PubMed: 31664381
DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320182411.02492018 -
Revista Paulista de Pediatria : Orgao... 2021To investigate the impact of "Brush Up" - a mobile application, on oral hygiene behaviours of 4-6-year-old children in Bangalore city. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the impact of "Brush Up" - a mobile application, on oral hygiene behaviours of 4-6-year-old children in Bangalore city.
METHODS
In this experimental study, 247 children aged 4-6, were randomly divided into three groups. Considering "Brush Up" is a mobile application, parents of the children in Group 1 (n=82) downloaded the application on their smartphones. Children in Group 2 (n=83) and Group 3 (n=82) received tooth brushing instructions by an educative video and manual demonstration, respectively. Effectiveness of tooth brushing was assessed with plaque scores, which were recorded for all the groups at baseline and one month using Visible Biofilm Index.
RESULTS
Wilcoxon signed rank test showed a significant improvement in the tooth brushing behaviour for the Brush Up group, which was indicated by a lower plaque score after a follow-up of one month. Kruskal-Wallis test followed by post-hoc test showed that the mean ranks of plaque scores of Brush Up group are consistently lower than those of video demonstration group and manual demonstration group.
CONCLUSIONS
The lower plaque score in subsequent follow-up in Brush Up group suggests that using a smart system can enhance learning a correct tooth brushing method in young children and can also help in implementing the required reinforcement and motivation to brush and aid in better plaque control.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Plaque Index; Female; Humans; India; Male; Mobile Applications; Motivation; Parents; Single-Blind Method; Toothbrushing
PubMed: 33825795
DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2020085 -
International Journal of Dental Hygiene May 2019To evaluate the efficacy of an oscillating-rotating (O-R) electric rechargeable toothbrush with a novel round brush head comprised of regular and tapered bristles in... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
A 5-week randomized clinical evaluation of a novel electric toothbrush head with regular and tapered bristles versus a manual toothbrush for reduction of gingivitis and plaque.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy of an oscillating-rotating (O-R) electric rechargeable toothbrush with a novel round brush head comprised of regular and tapered bristles in reducing plaque and gingivitis versus a manual toothbrush.
METHODS
This was a randomized, examiner-blind, parallel group, five-week study. Participants with mild-to-moderate plaque and gingivitis received an oral examination and were evaluated for baseline plaque (Rustogi Modified Navy Index), gingivitis (Modified Gingival Index) and gingival bleeding (Gingival Bleeding Index). Qualifying participants were randomly assigned to the novel Oral-B sensitive brush head (EB60) on an Oral-B Vitality O-R handle (D12) or an ADA manual toothbrush. Participants brushed twice daily with the assigned brush and a standard fluoride dentifrice for 5 weeks before returning for an oral examination and plaque and gingivitis evaluations.
RESULTS
A total of 150 participants were randomized to treatment and completed the study (mean age = 45.7 years). Both brushes demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in number of bleeding sites versus baseline (P < 0.001). At Week 5, the number of bleeding sites was reduced from baseline by 11.15 (52.2%) for the O-R brush and 5.04 (23.6%) for the manual brush. The treatment difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Significant reductions versus baseline (P < 0.001) were also seen for both brushes for MGI, GBI and Rustogi plaque measures (whole mouth, gingival margin and proximal), but the O-R brush produced significantly greater reductions versus the manual brush (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The O-R handle and round brush head with tapered and regular bristles produced greater plaque and gingivitis reductions than the manual brush.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Dental Plaque; Dentifrices; Electrical Equipment and Supplies; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Time Factors; Toothbrushing; Young Adult
PubMed: 30375187
DOI: 10.1111/idh.12372 -
BMC Oral Health Sep 2022Among interdental cleaning aids (ICAs), interdental brushes (IDBs) are in the spotlight because they can effectively remove plaque from interdental surfaces. Guidance on...
BACKGROUND
Among interdental cleaning aids (ICAs), interdental brushes (IDBs) are in the spotlight because they can effectively remove plaque from interdental surfaces. Guidance on the correct use of ICAs, such as IDBs, is required to prevent dental plaque accumulation. Since it is impossible to confirm the interdental proximal surface unless extracted, it is difficult to conduct quantitative experiments. This study presented an efficient way to evaluate IDBs by realizing dental structures and embrasures using a Dental computer-aided design (CAD) software and a 3D printer.
METHODS
Two different sizes of embrasure (0.7 and 1.2 mm) crown models were prepared with CAD software and a 3D printer. To evaluate the cleaning efficacy of IDBs of each size (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.5 mm diameters), the 9th cycle of brush move was performed where artificial plaque was spread and a digital camera was used to record the process. The pixels and percentage of cleaning from the recorded digital images were analyzed.
RESULTS
The plateau was formed after the 5th brushing cycle under all conditions-after the 5th cycle, the cleaning efficacy of the two crown models was 69.3-86.4% and 49.8-75.4%. In these results, the optimal diameters for the IDB were 1.2 and 1.5 mm for embrasure sizes of 0.7 and 1.2 mm, respectively. Moreover, the cleaning efficacy was the highest at 86.4% and 75.4% after the 9th cycle.
CONCLUSIONS
The 3D-printed model base for the human oral embrasure structure is an adequate model to test artificial plaque removal using IDB. The use of IDBs for more than five cycles does not support the conventional idea that a greater number of IDB brushing moves is more effective in a statistically substantial manner.
Topics: Dental Devices, Home Care; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Gingivitis; Humans; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Tooth; Toothbrushing
PubMed: 36138454
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02451-4 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Apr 2013This study aimed to determine the brushing forces applied during in vivo toothbrushing with manual and sonic toothbrushes and to analyse the effect of these brushing...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to determine the brushing forces applied during in vivo toothbrushing with manual and sonic toothbrushes and to analyse the effect of these brushing forces on abrasion of sound and eroded enamel and dentin in vitro.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Brushing forces of a manual and two sonic toothbrushes (low and high frequency mode) were measured in 27 adults before and after instruction of the respective brushing technique and statistically analysed by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the in vitro experiment, sound and eroded enamel and dentin specimens (each subgroup n = 12) were brushed in an automatic brushing machine with the respective brushing forces using a fluoridated toothpaste slurry. Abrasion was determined by profilometry and statistically analysed by one-way ANOVA.
RESULTS
Average brushing force of the manual toothbrush (1.6 ± 0.3 N) was significantly higher than for the sonic toothbrushes (0.9 ± 0.2 N), which were not significantly different from each other. Brushing force prior and after instruction of the brushing technique was not significantly different. The manual toothbrush caused highest abrasion of sound and eroded dentin, but lowest on sound enamel. No significant differences were detected on eroded enamel.
CONCLUSION
Brushing forces of manual and sonic toothbrushes are different and affect their abrasive capacity.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Patients with severe tooth wear and exposed and/or eroded dentin surfaces should use sonic toothbrushes to reduce abrasion, while patients without tooth wear or with erosive lesions confining only to enamel do not benefit from sonic toothbrushes with regard to abrasion.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Dental Enamel; Dental Stress Analysis; Dentin; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tooth Abrasion; Tooth Erosion; Toothbrushing; Ultrasonics; Young Adult
PubMed: 22791283
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0788-z -
AORN Journal May 2020Cleaning cannulated medical devices can be challenging for perioperative and sterile processing department personnel. We performed a laboratory experimental study to...
Cleaning cannulated medical devices can be challenging for perioperative and sterile processing department personnel. We performed a laboratory experimental study to evaluate differences in cleaning effectiveness using either a back-and-forth or helical spinning brushing motion and the effect of rinsing the bristles at each reintroduction of the brush in the lumen. We also tested the lumen cleanliness after high-pressure water cleansing without brushing. We inspected the devices to determine whether visible soil remained, and we measured the amount of residual organic matter using adenosine triphosphate testing to determine cleaning method effectiveness. The results showed that rinsing the brush during cleaning decreased the amount of organic material that remained in the lumen. A helical spinning motion with brush rinsing at each reintroduction of the brush may be more effective than back-and-forth brushing with rinsing, but additional testing with a larger sample size is required to determine whether this result is replicable.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Cannula; Decontamination; Equipment Contamination; Humans; Toothbrushing
PubMed: 32343381
DOI: 10.1002/aorn.13014 -
Revue Belge de Medecine Dentaire 2010In the 19th century, the first electric toothbrush was introduced. As years gone by, the design and brushhead movements have been constantly changing. Companies claim... (Review)
Review
In the 19th century, the first electric toothbrush was introduced. As years gone by, the design and brushhead movements have been constantly changing. Companies claim that electric toothbrushes are more efficient than manual toothbrushes. In this literature review, the importance of the different brushhead movements, brushing time and brushing force and their impact on microbiology and gingival recession is pointed out. Furthermore, the efficiency of electric toothbrushes is evaluated through the available scientific evidence.
Topics: Colony Count, Microbial; Electrical Equipment and Supplies; Equipment Design; Gingival Recession; Humans; Mouth; Rotation; Stress, Mechanical; Time Factors; Toothbrushing
PubMed: 20669730
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Periodontology Mar 2005This study was designed to test whether the approximal efficacy of a powered toothbrush (Braun Oral-B 3D Plaque Remover) can be improved when a pointed-shaped brush head... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
AIM
This study was designed to test whether the approximal efficacy of a powered toothbrush (Braun Oral-B 3D Plaque Remover) can be improved when a pointed-shaped brush head (PBH) specifically designed for these approximal areas is used as compared with the standard cup-shaped brush head (CBH).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Forty non-dental students were included. They all received the powered toothbrush and two different brush heads (CBH+PBH). Instructions were given to use each brush head twice every day (2 min. with the CBH followed by 1 min. with the PBH). Two weeks later they received an appointment for the first experiment (Exp 1), prior to which they abstained from all oral hygiene procedures for 48 h. Plaque was assessed at 6 sites/tooth. Next, the dental hygienist brushed for 2 min. (30 s/quadrant) with the CBH. Plaque was scored again. Subsequently, the dental hygienist brushed the approximal areas for another minute: in two randomly selected contra-lateral quadrants for 30 s with the CBH and in the opposing quadrants for 30 s with the PBH. The next approximal plaque was scored a third time. After 2-3 weeks, Exp 2 was carried out comparable to Exp 1; only this time the panelists brushed themselves.
RESULTS
Exp 1 showed approximal plaque scores at the baseline of 1.70 and 1.72 and at post-brushing 0.21 and 0.26 for the CBH + PBH and CBH only, respectively (p<0.05). The additional increase in approximal plaque reduction after 30 s of brushing with PBH was 22% and for the CBH 19% (p<0.05). Exp 2 showed approximal plaque scores at baseline of 1.76 and 1.74 and post-brushing of 0.21 and 0.24 for the CBH+PBH and the CBH, respectively. The additional approximal plaque reduction of 30 s brushing with PBH was 19% and 18% with the CBH (no significant difference).
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION
An additional 1 min. showed minor differences (1-3%) between brush heads. The effect of the 1 min. extra brushing (+/-18%) itself was much larger. It seems therefore beneficial to advise the patient to brush longer. A second different brush head may stimulate to do so.
Topics: Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Equipment Design; Female; Humans; Male; Oral Hygiene; Patient Education as Topic; Single-Blind Method; Surface Properties; Time Factors; Tooth Crown; Toothbrushing
PubMed: 15766377
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00700.x -
Clinical Preventive Dentistry 1992The efficacy of power brushes and/or oral irrigating devices in comparison to manual brushing has been the subject of study and controversial results for some thirty... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
The efficacy of power brushes and/or oral irrigating devices in comparison to manual brushing has been the subject of study and controversial results for some thirty years. Recently, a well-designed study has reported that carefully taught, consistently reinforced and monitored toothbrushing combined with necessary professional intervention is as effective as power brushing with and without oral lavage. Because the usual individual in the work-a-day world cannot or will not indulge regularly in these elaborate procedures, a simple, small sample test of comparative efficacy was done and submitted to a paired analysis. Results demonstrated that not only are these power devices as good as demonstrated by the reported studies, but also are superior for the type of patient most often encountered in daily practice--the person who does not or who cannot comply completely with instructions and who cannot constantly be monitored for compliance.
Topics: Adult; Dental Devices, Home Care; Dental Plaque; Female; Gingival Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Index; Toothbrushing
PubMed: 1521396
DOI: No ID Found