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International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2022Bruxism is a repetitive activity of the masticatory muscles, which determine teeth grinding or clenching, associated with rigidity, bracing, or thrusting of the...
Bruxism is a repetitive activity of the masticatory muscles, which determine teeth grinding or clenching, associated with rigidity, bracing, or thrusting of the mandibula. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of possible bruxism in 328 students attending the Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, and its associations with stress and other manifestations of the temporo-mandibular disorder. This was a questionnaire-based study to collect information on self-evaluation of bruxism presence, frequency of specific episodes, stress, anxiety, and other manifestations of temporo-mandibular disorder. Self-evaluated bruxism was identified in 39.33% from the entire study group, allowing us to define two subgroups for further analysis. Sleep bruxism was present in 16.28% of participants; awake bruxism was present in 68.99%, while 14.73% of participants presented a combined form. The main manifestation of bruxism was reported as teeth grinding. Fatigue was identified as a common clinical sign of bruxism and temporo-mandibular disorder. Group distribution analysis (Chi-Square) indicated significant associations between bruxism and stress, panic, restlessness, or increased stress during the COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.05). Bruxism, and especially awake bruxism, has increased in prevalence among young students, and it has been associated with increased levels of stress.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Pandemics; Sleep Bruxism; Students; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 35564810
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095415 -
The International Journal of... 2017Bruxism is a common phenomenon involving repetitive activation of the masticatory muscles. Muscle-stretching exercises are a recommended part of several international... (Review)
Review
Bruxism is a common phenomenon involving repetitive activation of the masticatory muscles. Muscle-stretching exercises are a recommended part of several international guidelines for musculoskeletal disorders and may be effective in management of the jaw muscle activity that gives rise to bruxism. However, most studies of muscle-stretching exercises have mainly focused on their influence on performance (eg, range of motion, coordination, and muscle strength) of the limb or trunk muscles of healthy individuals or individuals with sports-related injuries. Very few have investigated stretching of the human masticatory muscles and none muscle-stretching exercises in the management of (sleep) bruxism. This article reviews the literature on muscle-stretching exercises and their potential role in the management of sleep bruxism or its consequences in the musculoskeletal system.
Topics: Bruxism; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Masticatory Muscles
PubMed: 28267818
DOI: 10.11607/ijp.5082 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Nov 2020The purpose of the present study was to analyze treatment outcome with a full-occlusion biofeedback (BFB) splint on sleep bruxism (SB) and TMD pain compared with... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the present study was to analyze treatment outcome with a full-occlusion biofeedback (BFB) splint on sleep bruxism (SB) and TMD pain compared with treatment with an adjusted occlusal splint (AOS).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-one patients were randomly allocated to a test (BFB) or a control (AOS) group and monitored over a 3-month period. Output variables were frequency and duration of bruxing events (bursts) and various pain symptoms.
RESULTS
The BFB group showed a statistically significant reduction in the frequency and duration of bursts and a statistically significant improvement in the patients' global well-being and the facial muscle pain parameter. After the treatment was stopped, the BFB group showed a statistically significant reduction in the average and maximum duration but no statistically significant change in the frequency of bursts.
CONCLUSIONS
The tested BFB splint is highly effective in reducing SB at the subconscious level, i.e., without waking the patient, and in achieving improvements in global pain perception. The results suggest that the BFB splint also provides a better treatment option for bruxism-related pain than an AOS. However, further research is needed, and specifically studies with a larger patient population displaying higher levels of pain at baseline.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
By reducing burst duration and therefore the pathological load on the masticatory apparatus, the BFB splint reduces TMD and bruxism-related symptoms and improves patients' physical well-being. In the long term, this could prevent damage to the TMJ. This study confirms the effectiveness and safety of this splint.
THE UNIVERSAL TRIAL NUMBER
U1111-1239-2450 DRKS-ID REGISTRATION: DRKS00018092.
Topics: Biofeedback, Psychology; Bruxism; Facial Pain; Humans; Occlusal Splints; Sleep Bruxism; Splints
PubMed: 32430774
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03270-z -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Jul 2019Currently it has been shown that botulinum toxin is effective for a wide variety of medical conditions, and can be applied for therapeutic purposes as cosmetic. In...
BACKGROUND
Currently it has been shown that botulinum toxin is effective for a wide variety of medical conditions, and can be applied for therapeutic purposes as cosmetic. In recent years, there has been a growing trend in the use of this drug substance to control the muscular overactivity of bruxism. The objective of this study was the use of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) than traditional methods, by conducting a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in the health sciences literature.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An electronic search was made in the databases of the PubMed, Cochrane Library and Scopus data between March and October 2017, ECA, which will analyze the effect of botulinum toxin in the treatment of bruxism. We included studies of bruxist patients older than 18 years where BTX-A tests were performed on the masseter and / or temporal muscles and the control systems were injections of placebo (saline) or the use of traditional methods for the treatment of bruxism. such as occlusal splints, other medications or cognitive-behavioral therapy.
RESULTS
Of the 68 studies identified, 4 RCTs that fit our inclusion criteria were selected. These studies show that BTX-A injections can reduce the frequency of bruxism episodes, decrease pain levels and maximum occlusal force generated by this pathology, offer superior efficacy in the treatment of bruxism compared to control groups who were treated with placebo or with traditional methods for the treatment of bruxism.
CONCLUSION
Infiltrations with BTX-A are a safe and effective treatment for patients with bruxism, so its use is justified in daily clinical practice, especially in patients diagnosed with severe bruxism.
Topics: Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Bruxism; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Masseter Muscle; Neuromuscular Agents
PubMed: 31246937
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22923 -
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Aug 2019Tooth wear is a common finding in adult patients with dental sleep disorders. The aim of this paper was to review the literature on the possible associations between... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Tooth wear is a common finding in adult patients with dental sleep disorders. The aim of this paper was to review the literature on the possible associations between tooth wear and the following dental sleep disorders: sleep-related oro-facial pain, oral moistening disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and sleep bruxism.
METHODS
A PubMed search was performed on 1 June 2018 using MeSH terms in the following query: Tooth Wear AND (Facial Pain OR Temporomandibular Joint Disorders OR Xerostomia OR Sialorrhea OR Gastroesophageal Reflux OR Sleep Apnea Syndrome OR Sleep Bruxism).
RESULTS
The query yielded 706 reports on tooth wear and the mentioned dental sleep disorders. Several associations between tooth wear and the dental sleep disorders were suggested in the literature. It could be concluded that: (a) tooth wear is associated with dental pain and/or hypersensitivity; (b) oral dryness is associated with tooth wear, oro-facial pain and sleep bruxism; (c) GERD is associated with tooth wear, oro-facial pain, oral dryness, OSAS and sleep bruxism; (d) OSAS is associated with oral dryness, GERD and sleep bruxism; and (e) sleep bruxism is associated with tooth wear.
CONCLUSIONS
Tooth wear is associated with the dental sleep disorders oro-facial pain, oral dryness, GERD and sleep bruxism. The dental sleep disorders are interlinked with each other, which leads to indirect associations as well, and makes the consequences of each single condition difficult to disentangle. Knowledge of these associations is clinically relevant, but more research is needed to confirm their validity.
Topics: Adult; Bruxism; Humans; Sleep; Sleep Bruxism; Sleep Wake Disorders; Tooth Attrition; Tooth Wear
PubMed: 31038764
DOI: 10.1111/joor.12807 -
Journal (Canadian Dental Association) 2015Various definitions, classifications and theories been ascribed to bruxism. Knowledge gained through expanding research initiatives have transformed some of the concepts... (Review)
Review
Various definitions, classifications and theories been ascribed to bruxism. Knowledge gained through expanding research initiatives have transformed some of the concepts that were once held as truths. Sleep bruxism is no longer considered a parasomnia nor is its etiology believed to be based on purely mechanical factors or psychological Issues. It is now considered to be primarily a sleep-related movement disorder with a yet to be determined multifactorial etiology involving complex multisystem physiological processes. Dental practitioners should recognize the transformation occurring in the study of sleep bruxism, understand the evolution in both definitions and classification of this phenomenon and embrace and consider new concepts related to its etiology. This paradigm shift will certainly affect the daily practice of dentistry.
Topics: Humans; Risk Factors; Sleep Bruxism
PubMed: 25633110
DOI: No ID Found -
Systematic Reviews Jan 2017Bruxism is a sleep disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of the teeth that may be related to irreversible tooth injuries. It is a prevalent condition... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Bruxism is a sleep disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of the teeth that may be related to irreversible tooth injuries. It is a prevalent condition occurring in up to 31% of adults. However, there is no definitive answer as to which of the many currently available treatments (including drug therapy, intramuscular injections, physiotherapy, biofeedback, kinesiotherapy, use of intraoral devices, or psychological therapy) is the best for the clinical management of the different manifestations of bruxism. The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis is to answer the following question: what is the best treatment for adult bruxists?
METHODS/DESIGN
Comprehensive searches of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and LILACS will be completed using the following keywords: bruxism and therapies and related entry terms. Studies will be included, according to the eligibility criteria (Controlled Clinical Trials and Randomized Clinical Trials, considering specific outcome measures for bruxism). The reference lists of included studies will be hand searched. Relevant data will be extracted from included studies using a specially designed data extraction sheet. Risk of bias of the included studies will be assessed, and the overall strength of the evidence will be summarized (i.e., GRADE). A random effects model will be used for all pairwise meta-analyses (with a 95% confidence interval). A Bayesian network meta-analysis will explore the relative benefits between the various treatments. The review will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews incorporating Network Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-NMA) statement.
DISCUSSION
This systematic review aims at identifying and evaluating therapies to treat bruxism. This systematic review may lead to several recommendations, for both patients and researchers, as which is the best therapy for a specific patient case and how future studies need to be designed, considering what is available now and what is the reality of the patient.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42015023308.
Topics: Biofeedback, Psychology; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Electric Stimulation; Humans; Mandibular Advancement; Network Meta-Analysis; Physical Therapy Modalities; Relaxation Therapy; Sleep Bruxism; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 28086992
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-016-0397-z -
BMC Oral Health Mar 2022Bruxism is known to cause masticatory muscle pain, temporomandibular joint pain, headaches, mechanical tooth wear, prosthodontic complications and cracked teeth. Less...
BACKGROUND
Bruxism is known to cause masticatory muscle pain, temporomandibular joint pain, headaches, mechanical tooth wear, prosthodontic complications and cracked teeth. Less known to the practitioner, and described only experimentally in literature, is that bruxism can also damage the pulp. To our knowledge, this is the first known clinical case of a patient developing apical periodontitis due to bruxism.
CASE PRESENTATION
This article presents the case and successful treatment of a 28-year-old healthy male patient with apical periodontitis on teeth 36 and 46 requiring root canal treatment after an intense phase of bruxism. Due to an unclear diagnosis, treatment had been delayed.
CONCLUSIONS
Incomprehensible tooth pain can be the result of bruxism. Practitioners need to be informed that intense bruxism can possibly lead to apical periodontitis. It is important, therefore, that a thorough anamnesis is collected and taken into account during diagnostics.
Topics: Adult; Bruxism; Humans; Male; Masticatory Muscles; Pain; Periapical Periodontitis; Root Canal Therapy
PubMed: 35331220
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02123-3 -
European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry Sep 2023Bruxism is a repetitive masticatory muscles activity whose definition is being thoroughly reviewed in recent years. As in adults, two different forms of bruxism exist in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Bruxism is a repetitive masticatory muscles activity whose definition is being thoroughly reviewed in recent years. As in adults, two different forms of bruxism exist in children, namely awake and sleep bruxism. Scarcity of data, however,still persists about paediatric bruxism and no clear consensus has been developed. Therefore, the current review overviews the literature on bruxism in children tries to outline the state of art about this condition METHODS: Bruxism affects from 5% to 50% of the worldwide paediatric population. Sleep disturbances, parafunctional habits and psycho-social factors emerged to be the most likely associated factors with paediatric bruxism. Bruxism is characterised by several signs and symptoms variously combined, such as tooth wear and fractures, teeth impressions on soft tissues, temporomandibular disorders, headaches, behavioural and sleep disorders. About diagnosis, the most reliable tool in children remains the report of teeth grinding by parents or caregivers which must be accompanied by oral interview and accurate clinical examination. Electromyography and sleep polysomnography, albeit suitable in the diagnostic process, are not easy-to-use in children and are not strongly recommended. Currently, no evidence exists to support any kind of therapeutic options for bruxism in children. Management should be based on the identification of the underlying condition and conservative approaches are recommendable.
CONCLUSION
Notwithstanding the high prevalence, several aspects need to be further assessed in paediatric bruxism. Parental reports are still the most suitable diagnostic tool and conservative approaches are recommended in the management. Bruxism should be considered through a biopsychosocial model, and sleep, personality traits, stress and headaches are the factors towards whom research questions must be addressed to improve diagnosis and management.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Child; Bruxism; Electromyography; Headache; Parents; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 37668461
DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2023.24.03.02