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Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Nov 2022MONTELEONE, A.M., F. Pellegrino, G. Croatto, M. Carfagno, A. Hilbert, J. Treasure, T. Wade, C. Bulik, S. Zipfel, P. Hay, U. Schmidt, G. Castellini, A. Favaro, F.... (Review)
Review
MONTELEONE, A.M., F. Pellegrino, G. Croatto, M. Carfagno, A. Hilbert, J. Treasure, T. Wade, C. Bulik, S. Zipfel, P. Hay, U. Schmidt, G. Castellini, A. Favaro, F. Fernandez-Aranda, J. Il Shin, U. Voderholzer, V. Ricca, D. Moretti, D. Busatta, G. Abbate-Daga, F. Ciullini, G. Cascino, F. Monaco, C.U. Correll and M. Solmi. Treatment of Eating Disorders: a systematic meta-review of meta-analyses and network meta-analyses. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 21(1) XXX-XXX, 2022.- Treatment efficacy for eating disorders (EDs) is modest and guidelines differ. We summarized findings/quality of (network) meta-analyses (N)MA of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in EDs. Systematic meta-review ((N)MA of RCTs, ED, active/inactive control), using (anorexia or bulimia or eating disorder) AND (meta-analy*) in PubMed/PsycINFO/Cochrane database up to December 15th, 2020. Standardized mean difference, odds/risk ratio vs control were summarized at end of treatment and follow-up. Interventions involving family (family-based therapy, FBT) outperformed active control in adults/adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN), and in adolescents with bulimia nervosa (BN). In adults with BN, individual cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-ED had the broadest efficacy versus active control; also, antidepressants outperformed active. In mixed age groups with binge-eating disorder (BED), psychotherapy, and lisdexamfetamine outperformed active control. Antidepressants, stimulants outperformed placebo, despite lower acceptability, as did CBT-ED versus waitlist/no treatment. Family-based therapy is effective in AN and BN (adolescents). CBT-ED has the largest efficacy in BN (adults), followed by antidepressants, as well as psychotherapy in BED (mixed). Medications have short-term efficacy in BED (adults).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Humans; Antidepressive Agents; Binge-Eating Disorder; Bulimia; Bulimia Nervosa; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Network Meta-Analysis; Meta-Analysis as Topic
PubMed: 36084848
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104857 -
Anales Del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra Aug 2022Systematic review of published studies on the impact of social networks (SN) use on anorexia and bulimia in female adolescents. We selected articles published over the... (Review)
Review
Systematic review of published studies on the impact of social networks (SN) use on anorexia and bulimia in female adolescents. We selected articles published over the past 10 years, written in English, Spanish or Portu-guese found in The Cochrane Library Plus, PubMed, WOS, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases and with enough methodological quality. Nine studies were included in this review with a sample of 2,069 adolescents; 75.3% were female, mean age was 18 years, and mostly used Facebook and Instagram. Despite some positive aspects, SNs promote beauty standards in terms of thinness, allow comparisons between peers increasing concerns about weight, and create spaces that encourage anorexia and bulimia. Therefore, SN use plays a role in the development of eating disorders. The promotion of extreme thinness in girls makes this population more vulnerable.
Topics: Adolescent; Anorexia; Bulimia; Bulimia Nervosa; Female; Humans; Male; Social Networking; Thinness
PubMed: 35972299
DOI: 10.23938/ASSN.1009 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Aug 2022Background: eating disorders are a group of conditions in which negative beliefs about food, body shape, and body weight together with behaviors such as restricted food...
Background: eating disorders are a group of conditions in which negative beliefs about food, body shape, and body weight together with behaviors such as restricted food intake, binge eating, excessive exercise, self-induced vomiting, and use of laxatives. They can become serious, affect quality of life, and lead to multiple physical and even psychiatric complications with a fatal outcome. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the characteristics, epidemiology, and trends of eating disorders with updated information based on the most recent publications. Methods: we conducted a systematic literature search in Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science. The search terms were "anorexia nervosa", "bulimia nervosa", "binge eating disorders" and "epidemiology" both in titles and in abstracts. Results and conclusions: EDs generally occur in adolescents and young adults. The best characterized TCAs are anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (TA). Prevalence studies indicate wide differences by age group and sex, much higher in young women (NA, 0.1-2 %; BN, 0.37-2.98 %; BED, 0.62-4.45 %). The prevalence of EDs is 2.2 % (0.2-13.1 %) in Europe, 3.5 % (0.6-7.8 %) in Asia, and 4.6 % (2.0-13.5 %) in America. Comorbidity is high with psychiatric problems such as depression, anxiety, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and personality disorders.
Topics: Adolescent; Anorexia; Binge-Eating Disorder; Bulimia; Bulimia Nervosa; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Quality of Life; Young Adult
PubMed: 35748385
DOI: 10.20960/nh.04173 -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Jun 2021Bulimia nervosa, a mental illness 4 times more common than anorexia nervosa, is characterized by binge-eating followed by compensatory purging behaviors, which include... (Review)
Review
Bulimia nervosa, a mental illness 4 times more common than anorexia nervosa, is characterized by binge-eating followed by compensatory purging behaviors, which include self-induced vomiting, diuretic abuse, laxative abuse, and misuse of insulin. Patients with bulimia nervosa are at risk of developing medical complications that affect all body systems, especially the renal and electrolyte systems. Behavior cessation can reverse some, but not all, medical complications.
Topics: Anorexia Nervosa; Bulimia; Bulimia Nervosa; Humans; Vomiting
PubMed: 34078617
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.88a.20168 -
Psychiatria Polska Dec 2021A review of the literature on emotion regulation in binge eating disorder (BED) published both in English and Polish between 1990 and 2020. BED might be considered as an... (Review)
Review
A review of the literature on emotion regulation in binge eating disorder (BED) published both in English and Polish between 1990 and 2020. BED might be considered as an impulsive and compulsive disorder associated with altered reward sensitivity and food-related attentional bias. The growing body of research indicated that there were corticostriatal circuitry alterations in BED, comparable to those observed in substance abuse, including altered function of orbitofrontal, prefrontal and insular cortices with the striatum included. Negative emotions and deficits in their regulation play a significant role in BED. Processing of anger, anxiety and sadness appear to be particularly important in this disorder. Research results identified an increase in negative emotions preceding episodes of binge eating. However, there is still inconsistency when it comes to whether these episodes alleviate negative affect. Individuals with BED more often use non-adaptive emotion regulation strategies, such as rumination and suppression of negative sensations. Whereas adaptive ones, for instance, cognitive reappraisal, are used less often. Clinical implications, besides pharmacology, highlight the high effectiveness of enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-E), dialectic-behavioral therapy (DBT) and psychodynamic therapy in the treatment of emotional dysregulation in BED. Further studies, including ecological momentary assessment (EMA), should focus on emotional changes related to the binge cycle and the identification of reinforcing factors of BED.
Topics: Binge-Eating Disorder; Bulimia; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Emotional Regulation; Emotions; Humans; Impulsive Behavior
PubMed: 35472237
DOI: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/122212 -
Nutrients Nov 2017The purpose of the present review is to provide a summary of the research findings on emotion regulation in Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Negative emotions and... (Review)
Review
The purpose of the present review is to provide a summary of the research findings on emotion regulation in Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Negative emotions and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies play a role in the onset and maintenance of binge eating in BED. Anger and sadness, along with negative emotions related to interpersonal experiences (i.e., disappointment, being hurt or loneliness), seem to be particularly relevant. Individuals with BED have a tendency to suppress and ruminate on their unwanted emotions, which leads to increased psychopathological thoughts and symptoms. Compared to healthy controls, they use adaptive strategies, such as reappraisal, less frequently. Evidence concerning the causal relation between negative affect and binge eating is inconclusive and still very limited. While experimental studies in a laboratory setting lack ecological validity, ecological momentary assessment studies offer more promise at unraveling the causal relationship between emotions and binge eating. Increases in negative affect are found to be antecedents of binge eating in BED. However, there seems to be less support for the possibility that binge eating serves as a means to alleviate negative affect. Finally, BED seems to be related to other forms of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, such as substance abuse and self-harm.
Topics: Binge-Eating Disorder; Bulimia; Emotions; Empirical Research; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic
PubMed: 29165348
DOI: 10.3390/nu9111274 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Jan 2019We review research related to sex differences in eating disorders (EDs) in adolescents. Prior work has explored clinical differences; thus, we examine literature in... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
We review research related to sex differences in eating disorders (EDs) in adolescents. Prior work has explored clinical differences; thus, we examine literature in areas identified as playing an etiological or maintenance role in EDs including: genetics, hormones, neurocognitive inefficiencies, and reward circuitry.
RECENT FINDINGS
Sex steroids appear to a play role in the unmasking of genetic risk for development of EDs and puberty may be a heightened period of risk for females. While neurocognitive differences have been well studied in adults with ED, research with adolescents has been less conclusive. Recent work suggests that neural circuitry involved in reward and punishment may play role in development and maintenance of EDs in females. Males are underrepresented in these areas of research. Given known sex differences in healthy adolescents, it is likely there are sex differences in the putative biological etiology/maintenance of EDs. Males should be included in future research.
Topics: Adolescent; Anorexia Nervosa; Bulimia Nervosa; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Male; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 30637488
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-0988-1 -
Nutrients Nov 2020Regular physical activity (PA) is an important part of the treatment of several medical conditions, including overweight and obesity, in which there may be a weakened... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Regular physical activity (PA) is an important part of the treatment of several medical conditions, including overweight and obesity, in which there may be a weakened appetite control. Eating behaviour traits influence weight control and may be different in active and sedentary subjects. This paper reports the relationships between the time spent in sedentary behaviour and physical activity (PA) of different intensity, and eating behaviour traits in young, healthy adults. Additionally, it reports the results of a six-month-long, randomized, controlled trial to examine the effect of an exercise intervention on eating behaviour traits. A total of 139 young (22.06 ± 2.26 years) healthy adults (68.35% women) with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 24.95 ± 4.57 kg/m were enrolled. Baseline assessments of habitual PA were made using wrist-worn triaxial accelerometers; eating behaviour traits were examined via the self-reported questionnaires: Binge Eating, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 and Control of Eating Questionnaire. The subjects were then randomly assigned to one of three groups: control (usual lifestyle), moderate-intensity exercise (aerobic and resistance training 3¨C4 days/week at a heart rate equivalent to 60% of the heart rate reserve (HRres) for the aerobic component, and at 50% of the 1 repetition maximum (RM) for the resistance component), or vigorous-intensity exercise (the same training but at 80% HRres for half of the aerobic training, and 70% RM for the resistance training). At baseline, sedentary behaviour was inversely associated with binge eating ( -0.181, < 0.05) and with uncontrolled eating ( -0.286, = 0.001). Moderate PA (MPA) was inversely associated with craving control ( -0.188, < 0.05). Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was directly associated with binge eating ( 0.302, < 0.001) and uncontrolled eating ( 0.346, < 0.001), and inversely associated with craving control ( -0.170, < 0.015). Overall, PA was directly associated with binge eating ( 0.275, = 0.001), uncontrolled eating ( 0.321, < 0.001) and emotional eating ( 0.204, < 0.05). Additionally, only emotional eating was modified by the intervention, increasing in the vigorous-intensity exercise group ( < 0.05). In summary, we observed that time spent in sedentary behaviour/PA of different intensity is associated with eating behaviour traits, especially binge eating in young adults. In contrast, the six-month exercise intervention did not lead to appreciable changes in eating behaviour traits.
Topics: Accelerometry; Body Mass Index; Bulimia; Craving; Energy Intake; Exercise; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Resistance Training; Sedentary Behavior; Self Report; Young Adult
PubMed: 33260423
DOI: 10.3390/nu12123685 -
Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria Aug 2021Eating disorders are highly prevalent diseases in adolescence and have an impact on overall health. The objective was to describe the evolution and treatment of eating...
Eating disorders are highly prevalent diseases in adolescence and have an impact on overall health. The objective was to describe the evolution and treatment of eating disorders in adolescents. Adolescents under 18 years of age with at least 6 months of follow-up and treated by an interdisciplinary team were studied. Forty one adolescents were included, 23 presented anorexia nervosa, 9 unspecified eating disorders, 7 bulimia nervosa and 2 binge eating disorders. Thirty five percent of patients with anorexia nervosa required hospitalization for complications of malnutrition. Sixty nine percent of the patients with anorexia nervosa, 57 % with bulimia nervosa, and 78 % with unspecified eating disorders had total or partial remission and there were no deceased patients. The majority presented a favorable evolution with the treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Anorexia Nervosa; Bulimia Nervosa; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Research
PubMed: 34309320
DOI: 10.5546/aap.2021.e364 -
Nutrients Feb 2021There is a growing recognition that both the gut microbiome and the immune system are involved in a number of psychiatric illnesses, including eating disorders. This... (Review)
Review
There is a growing recognition that both the gut microbiome and the immune system are involved in a number of psychiatric illnesses, including eating disorders. This should come as no surprise, given the important roles of diet composition, eating patterns, and daily caloric intake in modulating both biological systems. Here, we review the evidence that alterations in the gut microbiome and immune system may serve not only to maintain and exacerbate dysregulated eating behavior, characterized by caloric restriction in anorexia nervosa and binge eating in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder, but may also serve as biomarkers of increased risk for developing an eating disorder. We focus on studies examining gut dysbiosis, peripheral inflammation, and neuroinflammation in each of these eating disorders, and explore the available data from preclinical rodent models of anorexia and binge-like eating that may be useful in providing a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying eating disorders. Such knowledge is critical to developing novel, highly effective treatments for these often intractable and unremitting eating disorders.
Topics: Animals; Anorexia Nervosa; Bulimia; Bulimia Nervosa; Caloric Restriction; Disease Models, Animal; Dysbiosis; Encephalitis; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Immune System
PubMed: 33546416
DOI: 10.3390/nu13020500