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Frontiers in Medicine 2023
PubMed: 37692788
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1275332 -
Frontiers in Allergy 2023Urticaria is a common skin condition encountered across various specialties in medicine, especially in dermatology and allergy/immunology practice. It has a... (Review)
Review
Urticaria is a common skin condition encountered across various specialties in medicine, especially in dermatology and allergy/immunology practice. It has a heterogeneous presentation hence it is unsurprising that many skin conditions may be confused with urticaria. Urticaria may present as acute or chronic urticaria, the latter can be further categorised into chronic spontaneous and chronic inducible. In this article, we explore, explain, and summarise various skin lesions that are considered mimickers of urticaria, to promote understanding of each of the conditions highlighted, improve recognition, and reduce misdiagnosis.
PubMed: 37841054
DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1274031 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Laminin 332 is a heterotrimeric structural protein of the basal membrane zone (BMZ) of the skin and adjacent mucosal tissues. The importance of laminin 332 for the... (Review)
Review
Laminin 332 is a heterotrimeric structural protein of the basal membrane zone (BMZ) of the skin and adjacent mucosal tissues. The importance of laminin 332 for the structural integrity of the BMZ is demonstrated by mutations in any of the three genes encoding for its three chains causing variants of junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Autoimmunity against laminin 332 is observed in mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) and in the rare patients with orf-induced pemphigoid. MMP is an autoimmune blistering disease with predominant mucosal manifestations and autoantibodies against the BMZ of the skin and orifice-close mucous membranes. The main autoantigens of MMP are type XVII collagen (BP180) and laminin 332 targeted in about 80% and 10-20% of patients, respectively. An increasing number of studies has highlighted the association of anti-laminin 332 MMP and malignancies that can be revealed in about a quarter of these patients. This data has led to the recommendation of current guidelines to assay for anti-laminin 332 reactivity in all MMP patients. The present review focuses on anti-laminin 332 MMP describing clinical features, its pathophysiology, and detection of serum anti-laminin 332 IgG. In addition, the available data about the occurrence of malignancies in anti-laminin 332 MMP, the underlying tumor entities, and its biology are detailed.
Topics: Humans; Autoimmunity; Pemphigoid, Bullous; Autoantibodies; Skin; Biological Assay
PubMed: 37638011
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250115 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Basophils are rare cells in the peripheral blood which have the capability to infiltrate into the skin. Invasion of basophils has been detected in pruritic skin... (Review)
Review
Basophils are rare cells in the peripheral blood which have the capability to infiltrate into the skin. Invasion of basophils has been detected in pruritic skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid, chronic spontaneous urticaria and contact dermatitis. In the skin, basophils are important players of the inflammatory immune response, as they release Th2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, subsequently inducing the early activation of T-cells. Further, basophils release a multitude of mediators, such as histamine and IL-31, which both play an important role in the initiation of the pruritic response activation of sensory nerves. Chronic pruritus significantly affects the quality of life and the working capability of patients, though its mechanisms are not fully elucidated yet. Since basophils and neurons share many receptors and channels, bidirectional interaction mechanisms, which drive the sensation of itch, are highlighted in this review.
Topics: Humans; Basophils; Quality of Life; Pruritus; Skin; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 37465674
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213138 -
Biomolecules Jun 2023Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering skin disease, of which the incidence has increased in recent years. BP is characterized by circulating IgG and IgE... (Review)
Review
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering skin disease, of which the incidence has increased in recent years. BP is characterized by circulating IgG and IgE autoantibodies against the hemidesmosomal proteins BP180 and BP230. Although autoantibodies trigger inflammatory cascades that lead to blister formation, effector cells and cell-mediated autoimmunity must also be considered as important factors in the pathogenesis of BP. The aim of this review is to outline the current knowledge on the role of eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils in BP.
Topics: Humans; Pemphigoid, Bullous; Eosinophils; Neutrophils; Basophils; Autoantigens; Autoimmune Diseases; Autoantibodies
PubMed: 37509055
DOI: 10.3390/biom13071019 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Bullous pemphigoid is the most common autoimmune blistering disease in industrialized countries and particularly affects the elderly. In this patient population,...
Bullous pemphigoid is the most common autoimmune blistering disease in industrialized countries and particularly affects the elderly. In this patient population, comorbid diseases are frequent and may complicate management and treatment of bullous pemphigoid. A better understanding why distinct diseases are more frequent in bullous pemphigoid patients may lead to new pathophysiological insights and - as a consequence - result in better patient care. The association of bullous pemphigoid with neurological and psychiatric diseases is well known and confirmed by several case-control studies. Association with further diseases such as malignancy and metabolic diseases are still discussed controversially. In recent years new relationships between bullous pemphigoid and autoimmune as well as inflammatory skin diseases have been reported. This review provides a systematic overview on studies addressing comorbidity in bullous pemphigoid patients. Increasing the awareness of both, common and rare comorbid diseases, may enable clinicians to optimize patient support and individualized treatment of bullous pemphigoid.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Pemphigoid, Bullous; Autoimmune Diseases; Blister; Comorbidity; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 37457698
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196999