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Current Topics in Microbiology and... 1991Obviously, the family Bunyaviridae is comprised of a large number of epidemiologically diverse viruses. They vary dramatically in their vector and vertebrate host... (Review)
Review
Obviously, the family Bunyaviridae is comprised of a large number of epidemiologically diverse viruses. They vary dramatically in their vector and vertebrate host relationships, geographic distributions, and epidemic potential in humans and animals. Public health practitioners, veterinarians, virologists, entomologists, biologists, ecologists, molecular biologists, and other scientists will all benefit from increased study and knowledge of this fascinating group of viruses.
Topics: Animals; Bunyaviridae; Disease Vectors; Genes, Viral; Orthohantavirus; Nairovirus; Orthobunyavirus; Phlebovirus
PubMed: 1935229
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Topics in Microbiology and... 1991
Review
Topics: Animals; Bunyaviridae; Encephalitis Virus, California; Encephalitis, California; Orthohantavirus; Humans; Mice; Nairovirus; Phlebovirus; Rift Valley fever virus; Virulence
PubMed: 1935228
DOI: No ID Found -
The New England Journal of Medicine Apr 2011Heightened surveillance of acute febrile illness in China since 2009 has led to the identification of a severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) with an...
BACKGROUND
Heightened surveillance of acute febrile illness in China since 2009 has led to the identification of a severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) with an unknown cause. Infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum has been suggested as a cause, but the pathogen has not been detected in most patients on laboratory testing.
METHODS
We obtained blood samples from patients with the case definition of SFTS in six provinces in China. The blood samples were used to isolate the causal pathogen by inoculation of cell culture and for detection of viral RNA on polymerase-chain-reaction assay. The pathogen was characterized on electron microscopy and nucleic acid sequencing. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence assay, and neutralization testing to analyze the level of virus-specific antibody in patients' serum samples.
RESULTS
We isolated a novel virus, designated SFTS bunyavirus, from patients who presented with fever, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, and multiorgan dysfunction. RNA sequence analysis revealed that the virus was a newly identified member of the genus phlebovirus in the Bunyaviridae family. Electron-microscopical examination revealed virions with the morphologic characteristics of a bunyavirus. The presence of the virus was confirmed in 171 patients with SFTS from six provinces by detection of viral RNA, specific antibodies to the virus in blood, or both. Serologic assays showed a virus-specific immune response in all 35 pairs of serum samples collected from patients during the acute and convalescent phases of the illness.
CONCLUSIONS
A novel phlebovirus was identified in patients with a life-threatening illness associated with fever and thrombocytopenia in China. (Funded by the China Mega-Project for Infectious Diseases and others.).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Bunyaviridae Infections; China; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Female; Fever; Genome, Viral; Humans; Ixodidae; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Middle Aged; Orthobunyavirus; Phylogeny; RNA, Viral; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Thrombocytopenia
PubMed: 21410387
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1010095 -
IntervirologyA new family is described, the Bunyaviridae, which contains a single genus, Bunyavirus. The main characteristics of the family are as follows: single-stranded RNA, total...
A new family is described, the Bunyaviridae, which contains a single genus, Bunyavirus. The main characteristics of the family are as follows: single-stranded RNA, total molecular weight about 7 X 10(6) daltons, probably in three segments. Virions spherical, enveloped particles 90-100 nm in diameter. Envelope contains at least one virus-specified glycopeptide. Develop in the cytoplasm, mature by budding into smooth-surfaced vesicles in the Golgi region or nearby. Internal ribonucleoprotein composed of long strands 2-2.5 nm broad. There are at least 150 members, 87 serologically related bunyaviruses and other probable bunyaviruses.
Topics: Arboviruses; Bunyamwera virus; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 1235823
DOI: 10.1159/000149449 -
Voprosy Virusologii 2016This work deals with the systematics and taxonomy of orthobunyaviruses, little-studied dangerous and new iruses Akabane, Aino, Schmallenberg, Cache Valley diseases,... (Review)
Review
This work deals with the systematics and taxonomy of orthobunyaviruses, little-studied dangerous and new iruses Akabane, Aino, Schmallenberg, Cache Valley diseases, Oropouche fever. The significance of the reassortment mechanism of their origin and diversification is discussed.
Topics: Africa; Animals; Bunyaviridae Infections; Europe; Humans; Latin America; Orthobunyavirus; Phylogeny; Reassortant Viruses; Zoonoses
PubMed: 27451495
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of General Virology Apr 2023Unlike many segmented negative-sense RNA viruses, most members of the bud at Golgi membranes, as opposed to the plasma membrane. Central players in this assembly... (Review)
Review
Unlike many segmented negative-sense RNA viruses, most members of the bud at Golgi membranes, as opposed to the plasma membrane. Central players in this assembly process are the envelope glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, which upon translation undergo proteolytic processing, glycosylation and trafficking to the Golgi, where they interact with ribonucleoprotein genome segments and bud into Golgi-derived compartments. The processes involved in genome packaging during virion assembly can lead to the generation of reassorted viruses, if a cell is co-infected with two different bunyaviruses, due to mismatching of viral genome segment packaging. This can lead to viruses with high pathogenic potential, as demonstrated by the emergence of Schmallenberg virus. This review focuses on the assembly pathways of tri-segmented bunyaviruses, highlighting some areas in need of further research to understand these important pathogens with zoonotic potential.
Topics: Orthobunyavirus; RNA Viruses; Glycosylation; Virus Assembly
PubMed: 37083579
DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001845 -
Viruses Nov 2014The Bunyaviridae family is comprised of more than 350 viruses, of which many within the Hantavirus, Orthobunyavirus, Nairovirus, Tospovirus, and Phlebovirus genera are... (Review)
Review
The Bunyaviridae family is comprised of more than 350 viruses, of which many within the Hantavirus, Orthobunyavirus, Nairovirus, Tospovirus, and Phlebovirus genera are significant human or agricultural pathogens. The viruses within the Orthobunyavirus, Nairovirus, and Phlebovirus genera are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods, such as mosquitoes, midges, flies, and ticks, and their associated arthropods not only serve as vectors but also as virus reservoirs in many cases. This review presents an overview of several important emerging or re-emerging bunyaviruses and describes what is known about bunyavirus-vector interactions based on epidemiological, ultrastructural, and genetic studies of members of this virus family.
Topics: Animals; Arthropod Vectors; Arthropods; Bunyaviridae Infections; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Orthobunyavirus
PubMed: 25402172
DOI: 10.3390/v6114373 -
Developments in Biologicals 2013In late 2011 a novel virus of the Simbu serogroup, family Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus, was discovered at the German-Dutch border and named "Schmallenberg virus"...
In late 2011 a novel virus of the Simbu serogroup, family Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus, was discovered at the German-Dutch border and named "Schmallenberg virus" (SBV). Since then, the virus has spread rapidly to other European countries, and the involvement of biting midges has been demonstrated. Affected adult ruminants show none or only mild clinical signs including fever, reduced milk production or diarrhoea. However, in keeping with related viruses, an infection of SBV-naive cows and ewes during a critical period of pregnancy can lead to severe foetal malformations summarized as "arthrogryposis- hydranencephaly syndrome." Diagnostic assays like real-time RT-PCR and antibody ELISA are now available; and substantial knowledge of this virus has been gathered quickly. However, further research and exchange of information are essential.
Topics: Animals; Bunyaviridae Infections; Cattle; Europe; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; Orthobunyavirus; Phylogeny; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 23689895
DOI: 10.1159/000312546 -
Current Opinion in Virology Dec 2022The Bunyavirales order is the largest grouping of RNA viruses, comprising emerging and re-emerging human, plantĀ and animal pathogens. Bunyaviruses have a global... (Review)
Review
The Bunyavirales order is the largest grouping of RNA viruses, comprising emerging and re-emerging human, plantĀ and animal pathogens. Bunyaviruses have a global distribution and many members of the order are transmitted by arthropods. They have evolved a plethora of mechanisms to manipulate the regulatory processes of the infected cell to facilitate their own replicative cycle, in hosts of disparate phylogenies. Interest in virus-vector interactions is growing rapidly. However, current understanding of tick-borne bunyavirus cellular interaction is heavily biased to studies conducted in mammalian systems. In this short review, we summarise current understandings of how tick-borne bunyaviruses utilise major cellular pathways (innate immunity, apoptosis and RNAi responses) in mammalian or tick cells to facilitate virus replication.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Orthobunyavirus; Host Microbial Interactions; Bunyaviridae; Tick-Borne Diseases; Ticks; Bunyaviridae Infections; Mammals
PubMed: 36375406
DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101278 -
Trends in Microbiology Apr 2020In common with all segmented negative-sense RNA viruses, bunyavirus transcripts contain heterologous sequences at their 5' termini originating from capped host cell... (Review)
Review
In common with all segmented negative-sense RNA viruses, bunyavirus transcripts contain heterologous sequences at their 5' termini originating from capped host cell RNAs. These heterologous sequences are acquired by a so-called cap-snatching mechanism. Whereas for nuclear replicating influenza virus the source of capped primers as well as the cap-binding and endonuclease activities of the viral polymerase needed for cap snatching have been functionally and structurally well characterized, our knowledge on the expected counterparts of cytoplasmic replicating bunyaviruses is still limited and controversial. This review focuses on the cap-snatching mechanism of bunyaviruses in the light of recent structural and functional data.
Topics: Endonucleases; Orthobunyavirus; Orthomyxoviridae; RNA Caps; RNA, Viral; Transcription, Genetic; Viral Proteins; Virus Replication
PubMed: 31948728
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.12.006