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Folia Morphologica May 2024The palmaris longus muscle (PLM) is one of the most variable muscles in human body, pre-senting a wide range of morphological variants such as reversed course, biventer...
The palmaris longus muscle (PLM) is one of the most variable muscles in human body, pre-senting a wide range of morphological variants such as reversed course, biventer muscle, bi-furcated tendon or total agenesis. Their clinical impact is particularly important in diagnosis and treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome and reconstructive surgery. We present a case of PLM including a previously undescribed combination of variations. A routine dissection of male cadaver aged approximately 60 demonstrated a biventer muscle, with superior and inferior belly being interrupted by a long tendon. The inferior belly passed deep to the flexor retinaculum and its terminal tendon connected to flexor digitorum superfi-cialis tendon for 5th finger. The clinical importance of variations found have been described separately, including unsuita-bility of biventer muscles for tendon reconstruction and increased risk for developing carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with PLM tendon passing deep to the flexor retinaculum. In conclusion, as another variation of PLM is described, it is crucial to bear in mind the poten-tial morphological types of the muscle in diagnosis and treatment of patients, especially in surgery of the hand and forearm.
PubMed: 38757504
DOI: 10.5603/fm.98076 -
Frontiers in Aging 2024Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) utilizes 100% oxygen at high atmospheric pressure for clinical applications. HBOT has proven to be an effective supplementary treatment... (Review)
Review
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) utilizes 100% oxygen at high atmospheric pressure for clinical applications. HBOT has proven to be an effective supplementary treatment for a variety of clinical and pathological disorders. HBOT's therapeutic results are based on the physiological effects of increased tissue oxygenation, or improved oxygen bioavailability. HBOT's current indications in illnesses like as wound healing, thermal or radiation burns, and tissue necrosis point to its function in facilitating the regeneration process. Various research has revealed that HBOT plays a function in vascularization, angiogenesis, and collagen production augmentation. Individual regeneration capacity is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Furthermore, the regenerating ability of different types of tissues varies, and this ability declines with age. HBOT affects physiological processes at the genetic level by altering gene expression, delaying cell senescence, and assisting in telomere length enhancement. The positive results in a variety of indications, ranging from tissue regeneration to better cognitive function, indicate that it has enormous potential in regenerative and anti-aging therapy.
PubMed: 38757145
DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1368982 -
BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2024The Norwegian sport school system offers a method for helping young dual-career athletes achieve their best both in academia and sports. However, there remains a concern...
OBJECTIVES
The Norwegian sport school system offers a method for helping young dual-career athletes achieve their best both in academia and sports. However, there remains a concern that pursuing dual careers at a young age may leave some student-athletes vulnerable to poor mental health outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between gender, grade, and sport type and problematic scores on school burn-out, sport burn-out, self-esteem and psychological distress in student-athletes within a sample of Norwegian lower secondary schools.
METHODS
A sample of 642 student-athletes (ages 12-14) in grades 8-10 across 8 Norwegian lower secondary sport schools completed questionnaires on burn-out, self-esteem and psychological distress at the beginning of the school year.
RESULTS
Females were more likely to report high levels of sport-related burn-out and psychological distress, and low self-esteem; older student-athletes were more likely to report severe school-related and sport-related burn-out; and individual sport student-athletes were more likely to report high levels of psychological distress.
CONCLUSIONS
Lower secondary sport schools in Norway may seek to be aware of the challenges facing student-athletes for informed practical steps to protect their mental health and maximise their outcomes as school students and athletes.
PubMed: 38756699
DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2024-001955 -
JPRAS Open Jun 2024The most common psychological impact experienced by patients with burn injuries is depression. Several significant risk factors influence depression, including...
BACKGROUND
The most common psychological impact experienced by patients with burn injuries is depression. Several significant risk factors influence depression, including sociodemographic factors (gender, employment status, socioeconomic status, and marital status) and burn characteristics (burn depth, burn area, and total burn surface area). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was discovered as a new biomarker for depression detection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of sociodemographic factors, burn characteristics, and NLR with the severity of depression in patients with burn injuries.
METHODS
This analytic descriptive study was conducted at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from June 2022 to April 2023. Samples were assessed by a psychiatrist using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale instrument, and a differential white blood count was calculated to obtain the NLR value.
RESULTS
The study sample consisted of 32 patients, including 27 males and 6 females. There was no correlation of sociodemographic factors and burn wound characteristics with the level of depression. NLR in patients with burn injuries who had no depression, mild depression, and moderate depression was 5.78 ± 2.23, 7.4 ± 1.77, and 13.04 ± 6.25, respectively. NLR was statistically significantly associated with the level of depression in patients with burn injuries (p = 0.001).
CONCLUSION
There was no correlation of sociodemographic factors and burn characteristics with the level of depression. There was a significant correlation between NLR and the level of depression in patients with burn injuries at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital.
PubMed: 38756416
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2024.04.005 -
Burns & Trauma 2024Severe burn injury causes a hypermetabolic response, resulting in muscle protein catabolism and multiple organ damage syndrome. However, this response has not yet been...
BACKGROUND
Severe burn injury causes a hypermetabolic response, resulting in muscle protein catabolism and multiple organ damage syndrome. However, this response has not yet been continuously characterized by metabolomics in patients. This study aims to quantify temporal changes in the metabolic processes of patients with severe burns.
METHODS
We employed H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to scrutinize metabolic alterations during the initial 35 days following burn injury in a cohort of 17 adult patients with severe burns, with 10 healthy individuals included as controls. Plasma specimens were collected from patients on postburn days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. After performing multivariate statistical analysis, repeated-measures analysis of variance and time-series analysis, we quantified changes in metabolite concentrations.
RESULTS
Among the 36 metabolites quantified across 119 samples from burn patients, branched-chain amino acids, glutamate, glycine, glucose, pyruvate, lactate, trimethylamine -oxide and others exhibited obvious temporal variations in concentration. Notably, these metabolites could be categorized into three clusters based on their temporal characteristics. The initial response to injury was characterized by changes in lactate and amino acids, while later changes were driven by an increase in fatty acid catabolism and microbial metabolism, leading to the accumulation of ketone bodies and microbial metabolites.
CONCLUSIONS
Metabolomics techniques utilizing NMR have the potential to monitor the intricate processes of metabolism in patients with severe burns. This study confirmed that the third day after burn injury serves as the boundary between the ebb phase and the flow phase. Furthermore, identification of three distinct temporal patterns of metabolites revealed the intrinsic temporal relationships between these metabolites, providing clinical data for optimizing therapeutic strategies.
PubMed: 38756185
DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae007 -
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Feb 2024Scars are classified into 5 types: Superficial scars, hypertrophic scars, atrophic scars, depressed scars, and keloid. These types are primarily characterized by... (Review)
Review
Scars are classified into 5 types: Superficial scars, hypertrophic scars, atrophic scars, depressed scars, and keloid. These types are primarily characterized by abnormal production of fibroblasts and collagen, as well as the disorderly arrangement of connective tissue. Laser treatment for scars involves the coordinated activation of various signaling pathways and cytokines. However, the exact pathological mechanism for scar formation remains unclear, leading to a lack of radical treatment. Recently, laser treatment has gained popularity as a new minimally invasive approach for scar treatment. The emergence of new theories such as fractional, picosecond laser, and laser-assisted drug delivery has led to continuous advance in laser treatment. Up to now, it has been developed numerous novel treatments, including combined with drug, physical, and other treatments, which have shown superior therapeutic effects. In order to optimize laser treatment in the future, it is crucial to combine new materials with postoperative care. This will help clinicians develop more comprehensive treatment strategies. Therefore, it is important to explore treatment options that have broader applicability.
Topics: Humans; Cicatrix; Laser Therapy; Keloid; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic
PubMed: 38755716
DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2024.230454 -
Fluids and Barriers of the CNS May 2024Most subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients have no obvious hematoma lesions but exhibit blood-brain barrier dysfunction and vasogenic brain edema. However, there is a...
BACKGROUND
Most subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients have no obvious hematoma lesions but exhibit blood-brain barrier dysfunction and vasogenic brain edema. However, there is a few days between blood‒brain barrier dysfunction and vasogenic brain edema. The present study sought to investigate whether this phenomenon is caused by endothelial injury induced by the acute astrocytic barrier, also known as the glial limitans.
METHODS
Bioinformatics analyses of human endothelial cells and astrocytes under hypoxia were performed based on the GEO database. Wild-type, EGLN3 and PKM2 conditional knock-in mice were used to confirm glial limitan formation after SAH. Then, the effect of endothelial EGLN3-PKM2 signaling on temporal and spatial changes in glial limitans was evaluated in both in vivo and in vitro models of SAH.
RESULTS
The data indicate that in the acute phase after SAH, astrocytes can form a temporary protective barrier, the glia limitans, around blood vessels that helps maintain barrier function and improve neurological prognosis. Molecular docking studies have shown that endothelial cells and astrocytes can promote glial limitans-based protection against early brain injury through EGLN3/PKM2 signaling and further activation of the PKC/ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in astrocytes after SAH.
CONCLUSION
Improving the ability to maintain glial limitans may be a new therapeutic strategy for improving the prognosis of SAH patients.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Humans; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Mice; Signal Transduction; Blood-Brain Barrier; Endothelial Cells; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Male; Pyruvate Kinase; Carrier Proteins; Brain Edema; Mice, Transgenic; Membrane Proteins
PubMed: 38755642
DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00550-8 -
BMJ Open May 2024Reunion Island, a French overseas department, is located in the southern hemisphere, close to the Capricorn tropic. This island has a multicultural and multiethnic... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
INTRODUCTION
Reunion Island, a French overseas department, is located in the southern hemisphere, close to the Capricorn tropic. This island has a multicultural and multiethnic population of 860 000 inhabitants, a quarter of whom are at high risk of developing skin cancer due to intense ultraviolet radiation. Melanoma is responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. The early prevention of melanoma is based on sun protection in childhood, but French regulations are not adapted to the environmental conditions of this tropical region.The main objective of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of three sun protection programs conducted in Reunionese primary schools through a pupil knowledge questionnaire.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
PRESOLRE is an interventional, open-label, cluster-randomised controlled trial, in four parallel arms, that is being conducted throughout 2022-2023 on Reunion Island. The trial design assumes an escalation interventional effect using: first, a control arm without proposed intervention (arm 1); second, an arm whose classes are encouraged to use the validated educational programme 'Living With the Sun' (LWS) (arm 2); third, an arm whose classes are encouraged to use both 'LWS' combined with 'Mission Soleil Réunion's sun protection awareness programme (arm 3); fourth, an arm benefiting from an intervention similar to arm 3, combined with the distribution of hats, sunglasses and sun creams (arm 4). In all, 1780 pupils from 18 classes of 20 pupils, on average, will be included. Randomisation applies to the classes of pupils (so defined as clusters). The primary outcome is based on the proportion of correct answers to the knowledge questions after the awareness programme, compared between the four arms using a linear mixed model with random intercept.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
The study obtained ethics approval in 2022 (ID: 2022-A00350-43). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT05367180.
Topics: Humans; Skin Neoplasms; Reunion; Child; Schools; Sunscreening Agents; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Melanoma; Sunlight; Female; Sunburn; Male; School Health Services; Health Education
PubMed: 38754877
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082045 -
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly... May 2024In 1988, poliomyelitis (polio) was targeted for eradication. Global efforts have led to the eradication of two of the three wild poliovirus (WPV) serotypes (types 2 and...
In 1988, poliomyelitis (polio) was targeted for eradication. Global efforts have led to the eradication of two of the three wild poliovirus (WPV) serotypes (types 2 and 3), with only WPV type 1 (WPV1) remaining endemic, and only in Afghanistan and Pakistan. This report describes global polio immunization, surveillance activities, and poliovirus epidemiology during January 2022-December 2023, using data current as of April 10, 2024. In 2023, Afghanistan and Pakistan identified 12 total WPV1 polio cases, compared with 22 in 2022. WPV1 transmission was detected through systematic testing for poliovirus in sewage samples (environmental surveillance) in 13 provinces in Afghanistan and Pakistan, compared with seven provinces in 2022. The number of polio cases caused by circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs; circulating vaccine virus strains that have reverted to neurovirulence) decreased from 881 in 2022 to 524 in 2023; cVDPV outbreaks (defined as either a cVDPV case with evidence of circulation or at least two positive environmental surveillance isolates) occurred in 32 countries in 2023, including eight that did not experience a cVDPV outbreak in 2022. Despite reductions in paralytic polio cases from 2022, cVDPV cases and WPV1 cases (in countries with endemic transmission) were more geographically widespread in 2023. Renewed efforts to vaccinate persistently missed children in countries and territories where WPV1 transmission is endemic, strengthen routine immunization programs in countries at high risk for poliovirus transmission, and provide more effective cVDPV outbreak responses are necessary to further progress toward global polio eradication.
Topics: Poliomyelitis; Humans; Disease Eradication; Global Health; Poliovirus; Population Surveillance; Immunization Programs; Disease Outbreaks; Poliovirus Vaccines; Child, Preschool; Infant; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
PubMed: 38753550
DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7319a4 -
Cell Reports May 2024Cardiac dysfunction, an early complication of endotoxemia, is the major cause of death in intensive care units. No specific therapy is available at present for this...
Cardiac dysfunction, an early complication of endotoxemia, is the major cause of death in intensive care units. No specific therapy is available at present for this cardiac dysfunction. Here, we show that the N-terminal gasdermin D (GSDMD-N) initiates mitochondrial apoptotic pore and cardiac dysfunction by directly interacting with cardiolipin oxidized by complex II-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) during endotoxemia. Caspase-4/11 initiates GSDMD-N pores that are subsequently amplified by the upregulation and activation of NLRP3 inflammation through further generation of ROS. GSDMD-N pores form prior to BAX and VDAC1 apoptotic pores and further incorporate into BAX and VDAC1 oligomers within mitochondria membranes to exacerbate the apoptotic process. Our findings identify oxidized cardiolipin as the definitive target of GSDMD-N in mitochondria of cardiomyocytes during endotoxin-induced myocardial dysfunction (EIMD), and modulation of cardiolipin oxidation could be a therapeutic target early in the disease process to prevent EIMD.
PubMed: 38753484
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114237