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Journal of Dairy Science Feb 2024The present study compared 2 strategies to initiate a progesterone (P4)-based timed-artificial insemination (TAI) protocol for lactating dairy cows: only GnRH or...
The present study compared 2 strategies to initiate a progesterone (P4)-based timed-artificial insemination (TAI) protocol for lactating dairy cows: only GnRH or estradiol benzoate (EB) plus GnRH. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 487; 184 primiparous and 303 multiparous) from 2 commercial dairy herds were used for their second or greater services postpartum. Weekly nonpregnant cows at pregnancy diagnosis 32 d after a previous AI were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 experimental groups that differed only in the strategy to initiate (d 0) the TAI protocol. On d 0, every cow received a 2.0 g P4 implant, and in Group EB+GnRH, cows were treated with 2.0 mg i.m. of EB and 16.8 µg i.m. of buserelin acetate (GnRH), while in Group GnRH, cows received only 16.8 µg i.m of GnRH. Seven d later (d 7), 0.530 mg i.m. of cloprostenol sodium (PGF) was administered in all cows, followed by a second dose on d 8, concomitant with 1.0 mg i.m. of estradiol cypionate (EC) and P4 implant withdrawal. The TAI was performed on d 10 (48 h after P4 device withdrawal) in both experimental groups. Only conventional Holstein semen was used throughout the study. The percentage of cows with corpus luteum (CL) on d 0 (73%) and overall ovulation rate after d 0 (54%) did not differ between groups. The CL regression between d 0 and the first PGF treatment was greater in EB+GnRH than GnRH group (42 vs. 31%). Consequently, the proportion of cows with CL at PGF was greater when only GnRH was used on d 0 compared with EB plus GnRH (86 vs. 82%), and the mean number of CL at PGF was greater (1.23 vs. 1.11). The expression of estrus near TAI was greater in GnRH group (84 vs. 77%), and cows showing estrus had greater (44 vs. 10%) pregnancy per AI (P/AI) on d 32 for both treatments. There was no effect of the presence of CL on d 0 or at PGF, nor of ovulation after d 0 or CL regression between d 0 and d 7 on fertility. However, fertility was critically impaired when cows did not have CL at both times, d 0 and at PGF treatment. There was no interaction between treatment and other variables, and the P/AI was similar in cows receiving EB plus GnRH or only GnRH on d 0 (37.8 vs. 36.6%). In summary, although there was no detectable difference in P/AI between treatments, this study demonstrated potential negative physiological outcomes caused by EB treatment on d 0 (greater incidence of luteolysis after d 0 and fewer cows with CL at PGF treatment). In conclusion, there was no benefit of adding EB at the initiation of a P4-based TAI protocol on fertility compared with using GnRH alone, despite differences in ovarian dynamics and expression of estrus.
PubMed: 38331175
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23923 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2023The objective of this study was to evaluate reproductive traits in adults of Astyanax lacustris subjected to different spawning inducers. The study involved 240 females...
The objective of this study was to evaluate reproductive traits in adults of Astyanax lacustris subjected to different spawning inducers. The study involved 240 females (12.54 g ± 2.33 and 7.66 cm ± 0.63 cm) and 240 males (5.83 g ± 0.39 g and 6.14 cm ± 0.64 cm), all at reproductive age. Three different inducers were evaluated: (i) 0.4 pellets of Ovopel®/kg of body weight; (ii) 0.5 ml of buserelin acetate/kg of body weight; and (iii) carp pituitary extract (CPE) (5.5 mg CPE/kg body weight for females and 2.5 mg CPE/kg body weight for males), as well as saline solution (without hormone). The degree-hours for spawning were greater (P<0.05) for the Ovopel® treatment (with 204.93) than in the treatment with CPE (183.2). Ovary weight and gonadosomatic index were higher (P<0.05) in CPE and Ovopel® treatments when compared to buserelin acetate. The number of oocytes per female, absolute and relative fecundity were greater (P<0.05) for Ovopel® and CPE treatments. Fertilization rate was higher (P<0.05) in treatment with buserelin acetate (82.3%) in relation to Ovopel® (72.33%) and CPE (62.40%) treatments, and the highest (P<0.05) hatching rates were achieved with buserelin acetate and Ovopel®. The number of larvae per female body weight was greater (P<0.05) when Ovopel® was used. In conclusion, Ovopel® proves to be a more effective reproductive inducer for induced reproduction of A. lacustris when compared to CPE and buserelin acetate.
Topics: Male; Animals; Female; Buserelin; Carps; Reproduction; Characidae; Body Weight
PubMed: 38126637
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.275678 -
Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin Nov 2023In this study, we prepared inhalable buserelin microparticles using the spray freeze-drying (SFD) method for pulmonary drug delivery. Raffinose as a cryoprotectant...
PURPOSE
In this study, we prepared inhalable buserelin microparticles using the spray freeze-drying (SFD) method for pulmonary drug delivery. Raffinose as a cryoprotectant carrier was combined with two levels of five different cyclodextrins (CDs) and then processed by SFD.
METHODS
Dry powder diameters were evaluated by laser light scattering and morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were utilized for the determination of crystalline structures. The aerodynamic properties of the spray freeze-dried powders were evaluated by twin stage impinger (TSI) and the stability of prepared samples was assessed under normal and accelerated conditions.
RESULTS
The prepared powders were mostly porous spheres and the size of microparticles ranged from 9.08 to 13.53 μm, which are suitable as spray-freeze dried particles. All formulations showed amorphous structure confirmed by DSC and XRD. The aerosolization performance of the formulation containing buserelin, raffinose and 5% beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD), was the highest and its fine particle fraction (FPF) was 69.38%. The more circular and separated structures were observed in higher concentrations of CDs, which were compatible with FPFs. The highest stability was obtained in the formulation containing hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-16. CD) 5%. On the contrary, sulfobutylether beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 5% bearing particles showed the least stability.
CONCLUSION
By adjusting the type and ratio of CDs in the presence of raffinose, the prepared formulations could effectively enhance the aerosolization and stability of buserelin. Therefore, they can be proposed as a suitable career for lung drug delivery.
PubMed: 38022810
DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.086 -
International Journal of Reproductive... Sep 2023There is no agreement on which of the 2 gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist protocols are the most efficient, neither there is any consensus on which one...
BACKGROUND
There is no agreement on which of the 2 gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist protocols are the most efficient, neither there is any consensus on which one yields a better clinical pregnancy percentage.
OBJECTIVE
The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of reduced dosages of long- and short-acting GnRH agonists on pregnancy outcomes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 400 women were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 200/group): the reduced dosage of long-acting GnRH agonist group (group 1, 1.25 mg Decapeptyl) and the short-acting GnRH agonist group (group 2, 0.5 mg/day Buserelin Acetate). The study was conducted at Mehr Medical Institute, Rasht, Iran between July 2019 and July 2020. Biochemical and clinical pregnancy were compared between groups.
RESULTS
No significant differences were observed in the endometrial lining, the total number of retrieved and metaphase-II oocytes, progesterone, and serum estradiol levels on human chorionic gonadotropin day, fertilization rate, and top-quality embryos between the groups. The duration of induction (10.8 1.7 vs. 10 2.1, p 0.001) and the total dosage of gonadotropins (2939.4 945.9 vs. 2441 1247.1, p 0.001) were significantly greater in group 2 than in group 1. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of implantation rate, chemical pregnancy rate, and clinical pregnancy rate. A higher percentage of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was observed in group 2 (p = 0.005).
CONCLUSION
Due to a lower percentage of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in group 1 and similar assisted reproductive technology outcomes in both groups, the long protocol was found to be superior to the short protocol.
PubMed: 37969567
DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v21i9.14402 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jul 2023According to reports, the majority of domesticated species exhibited uterine torsion. It was occasionally noted as a cause of dystocia in buffaloes. The uterus might...
Comparative study between efficacy of dexamethasone-prostaglandin-receptal combination and mechanical correction in uterine torsion cases in Egyptian buffalo-cows (Bubalus bubalis).
BACKGROUND
According to reports, the majority of domesticated species exhibited uterine torsion. It was occasionally noted as a cause of dystocia in buffaloes. The uterus might twist more frequently late in pregnancy because of certain animal traits. The current research monitored the clinical findings and laboratory assays associated with uterine torsion cases in pregnant buffalo-cows through comparing between normal labored buffalo-cows (Norm-Lab; n = 20), mechanically corrected uterine torsed animals without medicament interference (UtrTors; n = 160), and mechanically corrected uterine torsed animals with medicament interference (UtrTors-Med; n = 40) through focusing on placental characterization, calves body weight, milk constituents and milk somatic cell count (SCC) in normal labored buffaloes and uterine torsed ones. Through clinical and laboratory investigations of these buffaloes (N = 220) had been conducted 3 times; 7 h pre-calving and post calving (Post uterine correction) i.e. 48 and 96 h. Uterine torsion prevalence parameters, placental characterization, calves body weight, milk constituents and milk somatic cell counts were evaluated in normal labored buffaloes and uterine torsed ones.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The study concluded pre-calving remarkable variations in clinical findings, leukogram picture, calf birth weight and some placental characterization parameters between Norm-Lab and each of UtrTors and UtrTors-Med whereas these variations disappeared post-partum as a result to either only mechanical correction or mechanical correction plus medicaments interference. No pre-or post-calving significant changes between UtrTors and UtrTors-Med except for the abnormal clinical findings were more representative in UtrTors-Med than those in UtrTors particularly pre-calving. The applied pre-calving therapeutic regimen including dexamethasone-prostaglandin-receptal combination had a powerful potential efficacy that induced vaginal delivery of calves in UtrTors-Med as well as prepartum mechanical correction of torsed uterus approved higher efficacy in UtrTors. The applied prepartum mechanical correction of torsed uterus and/or pre-calving therapeutic regimen as well as subsequent post-calving, post uterine correction applied medicament treatment accelerated rapid recovery of affected buffalo-cows through achieving rapid restoring of their physiological parameters. Buffalo-cow's milk composition, milk pH and milk SCC were not affected whereas no significant variations were reported between Norm-Lab, UtrTors and UtrTors-Med.
Topics: Pregnancy; Cattle; Animals; Female; Buffaloes; Buserelin; Placenta; Egypt; Uterus; Milk; Bison; Dexamethasone; Body Weight; Lactation
PubMed: 37488512
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03651-y -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2023Rabbit is a reflexively ovulating species. Accordingly, in the practice of artificial insemination (AI) ovulation must be induced via exogenous GnRH...
Rabbit is a reflexively ovulating species. Accordingly, in the practice of artificial insemination (AI) ovulation must be induced via exogenous GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) administration, which may be performed intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or intravaginally. Unfortunately, the bioavailability of the GnRH analogue when added to the extender is lower due to the proteolytic activity in the seminal plasma and the poor permeability of the vaginal mucosa. The aim of the study was to refine the practice of AI practice in rabbits by replacing parenteral GnRH analogue administration (subcutaneous, intravenous, or intramuscular injection) with intravaginal application, while reducing its concentration in the diluent. Extenders containing the buserelin acetate in chitosan-dextran sulphate and chitosan-alginate nanoparticles were designed and 356 females were inseminated. Reproductive performance of females inseminated with the two experimental extenders, receiving 4 μg of buserelin acetate intravaginally per doe, was compared with that in the control group, the does of which were inseminated with the extender without the GnRH analogue and induced to ovulate with 1 μg of buserelin acetate administered intramuscularly. The entrapment efficiency of the chitosan-dextran sulphate complex was higher than that of chitosan-alginate. However, females inseminated with both systems showed similar reproductive performance. We conclude that both nanoencapsulation systems are an efficient way of intravaginal ovulation induction, allowing a reduction in the level of the GnRH analogue normally used in seminal doses from 15-25 μg to 4 μg.
PubMed: 37238058
DOI: 10.3390/ani13101628 -
Veterinary Sciences Apr 2023The circulation of progesterone (P4) concentrations of recipients has positive correlations with embryo survival and pregnancy success of embryo transfer (ET) in dairy... (Review)
Review
Impact of Accessory Corpus Luteum Induced by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone or Human Chorionic Gonadotropin on Pregnancy Rates of Dairy Cattle following Embryo Transfer: A META-Analysis.
The circulation of progesterone (P4) concentrations of recipients has positive correlations with embryo survival and pregnancy success of embryo transfer (ET) in dairy cows. One strategy to improve P4 concentration is the administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), thereby inducing the formation of accessory corpus luteum (CL). This study aimed at determining the efficacy of GnRH or hCG treatment regarding embryo transfer (ET) and providing a better clinical veterinary practice guidance. A meta-analysis was conducted on the data from 2048 treated recipient cows and 1546 untreated cows. By inducing the formation of accessory CL with GnRH (100 µg), GnRH analogue Buserelin (8-10 µg), or hCG (≥1500 IU) 5-11 days after synchronized ovulation, hCG alone achieved an improvement (RR = 1.39, < 0.05), while GnRH and GnRH analogue did not result in significant changes (RR = 1.04, = 0.26). Treatment with GnRH or hCG 5-7 days after synchronized ovulation was associated with increased chances of pregnancy compared with later treatment (11-14 days). Owing to the treatment, the pregnancy rate of cows with very poor fertility (<40%) was improved, while that of cows with good fertility (≥40%) was not affected. Treatment with GnRH or hCG greatly improved pregnancy rates of parous lactating cows (RR = 1.32, < 0.05) compared with heifers (RR = 1.02, > 0.05). Additionally, as indicated by pregnancy loss analysis, the treatment had no benefit on late embryo/early fetus survival at days 28-81. In conclusion, the induction of accessory CL with GnRH or hCG may benefit fertility and have important implications for the management of reproductive performance in the dairy industry.
PubMed: 37235391
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050309 -
Human Reproduction Open 2023Is it possible to reduce the cost of GnRH agonist treatment for endometriosis by using non-standard dosing regimens? (Review)
Review
STUDY QUESTION
Is it possible to reduce the cost of GnRH agonist treatment for endometriosis by using non-standard dosing regimens?
SUMMARY ANSWER
An extended-interval dosing regimen of a 3.75 mg depot formulation of triptorelin injected every 6 weeks instead of every 4 weeks reduces the cost by one-third without compromising the effect on pain relief.
WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Cost constitutes a limit to prolonged GnRH agonists use. Alternative modalities to reduce the economic burden of GnRH agonist treatment have been anecdotally attempted.
STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION
A systematic review was conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of three alternative modalities for GnRH use in women with endometriosis, i.e. intermittent oestrogen deprivation therapy, reduced drug dosage, and extended-interval dosing regimens of depot formulations. A PubMed and Embase search was initially conducted in October 2022 and updated in January 2023 using the following search strings: (endometriosis OR adenomyosis) AND (GnRH-agonists OR gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists OR triptorelin OR leuprorelin OR goserelin OR buserelin OR nafarelin). Full-length articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals since 1 January 1980, and reporting original data on GnRH agonist treatment of pain symptoms associated with endometriosis were selected.
PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING METHODS
Information was extracted on study design, GnRH-agonist used, dosage, total duration of therapy, side effects, treatment adherence, and pelvic pain relief. Reviews, commentaries, conference proceedings, case reports, and letters to the editor were excluded.
MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Of the 1664 records screened, 14 studies regarding clinical outcomes associated with the 3 considered alternative modalities for GnRH agonist use were eventually included (intermittent oestrogen deprivation therapy, n = 2; low-dose or 'draw-back' therapy, n = 8; extended-interval dosing regimen, n = 4). Six studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (double blind, n = 2) and eight adopted a prospective cohort design (non-comparative, n = 6; comparative, n = 2). A total of 776 women with endometriosis were recruited in the above studies (intermittent oestrogen deprivation therapy, n = 77; low-dose or 'draw-back' therapy, n = 528; extended-interval dosing regimen, n = 171). Robust data demonstrating cost saving without detrimental clinical consequences were available for the extended-interval dosing regimen only. In particular, the 3.75 mg triptorelin depot preparation inhibits ovarian function for a longer period compared with the 3.75 mg leuprorelin depot preparation, allowing injections every 6 instead of 4 weeks. Based on the cost indicated by the Italian Medicine Agency for the 3.75 mg triptorelin depot preparation, this would translate in a yearly saving of €744.60 (€2230.15-€1485.55; -33.4%).
LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION
The quality of the evidence reported in the selected articles was not formally evaluated and a quantitative synthesis could not be performed. Some studies were old and the tested therapeutic approaches were apparently obsolete. Only cost containment associated with GnRH analogue use, and not cost-effectiveness, has been addressed.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Consuming less resources without negatively impacting on health outcomes carries ethical and practical implications for individuals and the community, as this approach may result in overall increased healthcare access.
STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS
This study was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente 2023, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano). E.S. discloses payments from Ferring for research grants and honoraria from Merck-Serono for lectures. All other authors declare they have no conflict of interest.
REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A.
PubMed: 37016694
DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoad008 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022A novel HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for simultaneous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs and somatostatin analog quantitation was developed and validated. The...
A novel HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for simultaneous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs and somatostatin analog quantitation was developed and validated. The developed method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies. The sample preparation process included solid-phase extraction (SPE). Effective chromatographic separation of the analytes and internal standard (dalargin) was achieved with a C18 column, using a gradient elution with two mobile phases: 0.1% / formic acid (aqueous solution) and 0.1% / formic acid (acetonitrile solution). The linearity of the method was demonstrated within a concentration range of 0.5-20 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients between 0.998-0.999 for goserelin, buserelin, triptorelin, and octreotide, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD, %) values for method accuracy and precision did not exceed 20% at the lower level of quantitation (LLOQ) or 15% at other concentration levels.
Topics: Humans; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Reproducibility of Results; Plasma; Peptides
PubMed: 36431933
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227831 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Oct 2022The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of GnRH administrated at day 35 after artificial insemination (AI) on the reproductive performance of buffalo cows. In...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of GnRH administrated at day 35 after artificial insemination (AI) on the reproductive performance of buffalo cows. In ten buffalo farms in the period January−February, 481 buffalo cows were subjected to estrus synchronization protocol and fixed-time artificial insemination (Ovsynch−TAI program). Radioimmunoassays (RIA) for pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) were used to detect pregnancy at day 28 after AI (cut-off value: ≥1 ng/mL). Among pregnant subjects, those with PAG values between 1 and 2.5 ng/mL were considered at risk of embryonic mortality (EM) and were assigned into two groups: treated (T; n = 57) control (C; n = 57). Treated buffaloes received 0.01 mg of buserelin acetate intramuscularly on day 35 after AI, whereas control buffaloes received no treatment. The pregnancy diagnosis was confirmed at day 60 through PAGs level and rectal palpation. The treatment with GnRH had a significant effect (p < 0.001) in reducing EM. Between days 28 and 60 after AI, the animals that experienced EM were only 2/57 in the T group, while were 13/57 in the C group. Moreover, GnRH treatment produced a significant increase (p < 0.001) in the PAG concentration between day 28 and day 60. Administration of GnRH at day 35 after AI in animals considered at risk of low embryo survival based on PAG levels allowed a reduction in pregnancy losses and improved the pregnancy rate during low-breeding season in buffalo.
PubMed: 36290208
DOI: 10.3390/ani12202822