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Swiss Medical Weekly 2012In this brief review, we present some data from the literature on butyric acid and some of its more interesting potential uses, especially in the field of... (Review)
Review
In this brief review, we present some data from the literature on butyric acid and some of its more interesting potential uses, especially in the field of gastroenterology. Due to its principal characteristics, butyric acid is primarily used for pathologies of the colon (functional, inflammatory). Although only preliminary data are available, butyric acid may also have interesting extraintestinal applications, such as in the treatment of haematological, metabolic, and neurological pathologies.
Topics: Butyric Acid; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Obesity; Urea Cycle Disorders, Inborn; beta-Thalassemia
PubMed: 22674349
DOI: 10.4414/smw.2012.13596 -
Journal of Veterinary Science Mar 2024The widespread use of antimicrobials causes antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The use of butyric acid and its derivatives is an alternative tactic. This review... (Review)
Review
The widespread use of antimicrobials causes antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The use of butyric acid and its derivatives is an alternative tactic. This review summarizes the literature on the role of butyric acid in the body and provides further prospects for the clinical use of its derivatives and delivery methods to the animal body. Thus far, there is evidence confirming the vital role of butyric acid in the body and the effectiveness of its derivatives when used as animal medicines and growth stimulants. Butyric acid salts stimulate immunomodulatory activity by reducing microbial colonization of the intestine and suppressing inflammation. Extraintestinal effects occur against the background of hemoglobinopathy, hypercholesterolemia, insulin resistance, and cerebral ischemia. Butyric acid derivatives inhibit histone deacetylase. Aberrant histone deacetylase activity is associated with the development of certain types of cancer in humans. Feed additives containing butyric acid salts or tributyrin are used widely in animal husbandry. They improve the functional status of the intestine and accelerate animal growth and development. On the other hand, high concentrations of butyric acid stimulate the apoptosis of epithelial cells and disrupt the intestinal barrier function. This review highlights the biological activity and the mechanism of action of butyric acid, its salts, and esters, revealing their role in the treatment of various animal and human diseases. This paper also discussed the possibility of using butyric acid and its derivatives as surface modifiers of enterosorbents to obtain new drugs with bifunctional action.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Butyric Acid; Salts; Anti-Infective Agents; Epithelial Cells; Histone Deacetylases
PubMed: 38568825
DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23230 -
Microbial Pathogenesis May 2016The oral microbiome is composed of detrimental and beneficial microbial communities producing several microbial factors that could contribute to the development of the... (Review)
Review
The oral microbiome is composed of detrimental and beneficial microbial communities producing several microbial factors that could contribute to the development of the oral microbiome and, likewise, may lead to the development of host diseases. Metabolites, like short-chain fatty acids, are commonly produced by the oral microbiome and serve various functions. Among the periodontal short-chain fatty acids, butyric acid is mainly produced by periodontopathic bacteria and, attributable to the butyrate paradox, is postulated to exhibit a dual function depending on butyric acid concentration. A better understanding of the interconnecting networks that would influence butyric acid function in the oral cavity may shed a new light on the current existing knowledge and view regarding butyric acid.
Topics: Bacteria; Butyric Acid; Humans; Microbiota; Mouth; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 26466516
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.10.006 -
Pharmacological Research Jun 2019In the past two decades, significant advances have been made in the etiology of lipid disorders. Concomitantly, the discovery of liporegulatory functions of certain... (Review)
Review
In the past two decades, significant advances have been made in the etiology of lipid disorders. Concomitantly, the discovery of liporegulatory functions of certain short-chain fatty acids has generated interest in their clinical applications. In particular, butyric acid (BA) and its derivative, 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA), which afford health benefits against lipid disorders while being generally well tolerated by animals and humans have been assessed clinically. This review examines the evidence from cell, animal and human studies pertaining to the lipid-regulating effects of BA and PBA, their molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Collectively, the evidence supports the view that intakes of BA and PBA benefit lipid homeostasis across biological systems. We reviewed the evidence that BA and PBA downregulate de novo lipogenesis, ameliorate lipotoxicity, slow down atherosclerosis progression, and stimulate fatty acid β-oxidation. Central to their mode of action, BA appears to function as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor while PBA acts as a chemical chaperone and/or a HDAC inhibitor. Areas of further inquiry include the effects of BA and PBA on adipogenesis, lipolysis and apolipoprotein metabolism.
Topics: Adipogenesis; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Butyric Acid; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Phenylbutyrates
PubMed: 30954630
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.002 -
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Mar 2021Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) is an under-utilized feedstock for biochemical conversion to biofuels or high value chemicals. One such chemical that can be generated...
Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) is an under-utilized feedstock for biochemical conversion to biofuels or high value chemicals. One such chemical that can be generated biochemically and applied to a wide array of industries from pharmaceuticals to the production of liquid transportation fuels is butyric acid. This work investigated cultivating the butyric acid producing strain Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755 on low-moisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA) pretreated SSB. Pretreated SSB hydrolysate was detoxified and supplemented with urea for shake flask batch fermentation to show that up to 11.4 g/L butyric acid could be produced with a selectivity of 87% compared to other organic acids. Bioreactor fermentation with pH control showed high biomass growth, but a similar output of 11.3 g/L butyric acid was achieved. However, the butyric acid productivity increased to 0.251 g/L∙hr with a butyric acid yield of 0.29 g/g sugar consumed. This butyric acid output represented an 83% theoretical yield. Further improvements in butyric acid titer and yield can be achieved by optimizing nutrient supplementation and incorporating fed-batch fermentation processing of pretreated SSB hydrolysate. Construction of ZGO:Sr NR- and ZGC@PDA NP-driven ratiometric aptasensor for CEA detection.
Topics: Ammonia; Biomass; Bioreactors; Butyric Acid; Clostridium tyrobutyricum; Sorghum
PubMed: 33188509
DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03449-w -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Oct 2017Short chain fatty acids contain up to 6 carbon atoms. Among them, butyric acid stands out for its key role in pathologies with intestinal affectation. Butyric acid is... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Short chain fatty acids contain up to 6 carbon atoms. Among them, butyric acid stands out for its key role in pathologies with intestinal affectation. Butyric acid is the main energetic substrate of the colonocyte, it stimulates the absorption of sodium and water in the colon, and presents trophic action on the intestinal cells.
OBJECTIVES
To review the clinical use of formulations for the oral use of butyric acid.
METHODS
Review of published articles on oral supplementation with butyric acid in intestinal pathologies.
RESULTS
The publications mainly deal with the use of oral butyric acid in pathologies involving inflammation and / or alterations of intestinal motility. Highlighting the clinical potential in inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome.
CONCLUSION
The use of oral supplementation with butyric acid is a promising strategy in pathologies such as inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome. Bio-available butyric acid formulations with acceptable organoleptic characteristics are being advanced.
Topics: Butyric Acid; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Humans; Intestinal Diseases
PubMed: 29156934
DOI: 10.20960/nh.1573 -
Bioresource Technology Apr 2018Butyric acid is an important platform chemical, which is widely used in the fields of food, pharmaceutical, energy, etc. Microbial fermentation as an alternative... (Review)
Review
Butyric acid is an important platform chemical, which is widely used in the fields of food, pharmaceutical, energy, etc. Microbial fermentation as an alternative approach for butyric acid production is attracting great attention as it is an environmentally friendly bioprocessing. However, traditional fermentative butyric acid production is still not economically competitive compared to chemical synthesis route, due to the low titer, low productivity, and high production cost. Therefore, reduction of butyric acid production cost by utilization of alternative inexpensive feedstock, and improvement of butyric acid production and productivity has become an important target. Recently, several advanced strategies have been developed for enhanced butyric acid production, including bioprocess techniques and metabolic engineering methods. This review provides an overview of advances and strategies in process and strain engineering for butyric acid production by microbial fermentation. Additionally, future perspectives on improvement of butyric acid production are also proposed.
Topics: Butyric Acid; Clostridium tyrobutyricum; Fermentation; Metabolic Engineering
PubMed: 29329775
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.007 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... May 2019
Review
Topics: Animals; Butyric Acid; CHO Cells; Cricetulus; Ecotoxicology; Endpoint Determination; Environmental Pollutants; Humans; Odorants; Perfume; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 30711719
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.030 -
Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.) Nov 2021A key event featured in the early stage of chronic gut inflammatory diseases is the disordered recruitment and excess accumulation of immune cells in the gut lamina... (Review)
Review
A key event featured in the early stage of chronic gut inflammatory diseases is the disordered recruitment and excess accumulation of immune cells in the gut lamina propria. This process is followed by the over-secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and the prolonged overactive inflammatory responses. Growing evidence has suggested that gut inflammatory diseases may be mitigated by butyric acid (BA) or butyrate sodium (NaB). Laboratory studies show that BA and NaB can enhance gut innate immune function through G-protein-mediated signaling pathways while mitigating the overactive inflammatory responses by inhibiting histone deacetylase. The regulatory effects may occur in both epithelial enterocytes and the immune cells in the lamina propria. Prior to further clinical trials, comprehensive literature reviews and rigid examination concerning the underlying mechanism are necessary. To this end, we collected and reviewed 197 published reports regarding the mechanisms, bioactivities, and clinical effects of BA and NaB to modulate gut inflammatory diseases. Our review found insufficient evidence to guarantee the safety of clinical practice of BA and NaB, either by anal enema or oral administration of capsule or tablet. The safety of clinical use of BA and NaB should be further evaluated. Alternatively, dietary patterns rich in "fruits, vegetables and beans" may be an effective and safe approach to prevent gut inflammatory disease, which elevates gut microbiota-dependent production of BA. Our review provides a comprehensive reference to future clinical trials of BA and NaB to treat gut inflammatory diseases.
Topics: Butyric Acid; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Signal Transduction; Sodium
PubMed: 34757305
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.08.007 -
Microbial Biotechnology Mar 2022Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) is one of the most abundant bacteria in the human intestine, with its anti-inflammatory effects establishing it as a...
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) is one of the most abundant bacteria in the human intestine, with its anti-inflammatory effects establishing it as a major effector in human intestinal health. However, its extreme sensitivity to oxygen makes its cultivation and physiological study difficult. F. prausnitzii produces butyric acid, which is beneficial to human gut health. Butyric acid is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by the fermentation of carbohydrates, such as dietary fibre in the large bowel. The genes encoding butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (BCD) and butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA transferase (BUT) in F. prausnitzii were cloned and expressed in E. coli to determine the effect of butyric acid production on intestinal health using DSS-induced colitis model mice. The results from the E. coli Nissle 1917 strain, expressing BCD, BUT, or both, showed that BCD was essential, while BUT was dispensable for producing butyric acid. The effects of different carbon sources, such as glucose, N-acetylglucosamine (NAG), N-acetylgalactosamine (NAGA), and inulin, were compared with results showing that the optimal carbon sources for butyric acid production were NAG, a major component of mucin in the human intestine, and glucose. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of butyric acid production were tested by administering these strains to DSS-induced colitis model mice. The oral administration of the E. coli Nissle 1917 strain, carrying the expression vector for BCD and BUT (EcN-BCD-BUT), was found to prevent DSS-induced damage. Introduction of the BCD expression vector into E. coli Nissle 1917 led to increased butyric acid production, which improved the strain's health-beneficial effects.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Butyric Acid; Carbon; Colitis; Escherichia coli; Glucose; Mice
PubMed: 33729711
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13795