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International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022Caffeic acid belongs to the polyphenol compounds we consume daily, often in the form of coffee. Even though it is less explored than caffeic acid phenethyl ester, it... (Review)
Review
Caffeic acid belongs to the polyphenol compounds we consume daily, often in the form of coffee. Even though it is less explored than caffeic acid phenethyl ester, it still has many positive effects on human health. Caffeic acid can affect cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, or bacterial and viral infections. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of how caffeic acid achieves its effects.
Topics: Humans; Caffeic Acids; Phenylethyl Alcohol
PubMed: 36614030
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010588 -
Nature Biotechnology Aug 2020Autoluminescent plants engineered to express a bacterial bioluminescence gene cluster in plastids have not been widely adopted because of low light output. We engineered...
Autoluminescent plants engineered to express a bacterial bioluminescence gene cluster in plastids have not been widely adopted because of low light output. We engineered tobacco plants with a fungal bioluminescence system that converts caffeic acid (present in all plants) into luciferin and report self-sustained luminescence that is visible to the naked eye. Our findings could underpin development of a suite of imaging tools for plants.
Topics: Caffeic Acids; Firefly Luciferin; Fungi; Plants, Genetically Modified; Nicotiana
PubMed: 32341562
DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0500-9 -
Plant Biotechnology Journal Aug 2023The fungal bioluminescence pathway (FBP) was identified from glowing fungi, which releases self-sustained visible green luminescence. However, weak bioluminescence...
The fungal bioluminescence pathway (FBP) was identified from glowing fungi, which releases self-sustained visible green luminescence. However, weak bioluminescence limits the potential application of the bioluminescence system. Here, we screened and characterized a C3'H1 (4-coumaroyl shikimate/quinate 3'-hydroxylase) gene from Brassica napus, which efficiently converts p-coumaroyl shikimate to caffeic acid and hispidin. Simultaneous expression of BnC3'H1 and NPGA (null-pigment mutant in A. nidulans) produces more caffeic acid and hispidin as the natural precursor of luciferin and significantly intensifies the original fungal bioluminescence pathway (oFBP). Thus, we successfully created enhanced FBP (eFBP) plants emitting 3 × 10 photons/min/cm , sufficient to illuminate its surroundings and visualize words clearly in the dark. The glowing plants provide sustainable and bio-renewable illumination for the naked eyes, and manifest distinct responses to diverse environmental conditions via caffeic acid biosynthesis pathway. Importantly, we revealed that the biosynthesis of caffeic acid and hispidin in eFBP plants derived from the sugar pathway, and the inhibitors of the energy production system significantly reduced the luminescence signal rapidly from eFBP plants, suggesting that the FBP system coupled with the luciferin metabolic flux functions in an energy-driven way. These findings lay the groundwork for genetically creating stronger eFBP plants and developing more powerful biological tools with the FBP system.
Topics: Metabolic Engineering; Plants; Luciferins
PubMed: 37155328
DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14068 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2021Caffeic acid is a metabolite of hydroxycinnamate and phenylpropanoid, which are commonly synthesized by all plant species. It is present in various food sources that are...
PURPOSE
Caffeic acid is a metabolite of hydroxycinnamate and phenylpropanoid, which are commonly synthesized by all plant species. It is present in various food sources that are known for their antioxidant properties. As an antioxidant, caffeic acid ameliorates reactive oxygen species, which have been reported to cause bone loss. Some studies have highlighted the effects of caffeic acid against bone resorption.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify relevant studies on the effects of caffeic acid on bone. A comprehensive search was conducted from July to November 2020 using PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases. Cellular, animal and human studies reporting the effects of caffeic acid, as a single compound, on bone cells or bone were considered.
RESULTS
The literature search found 226 articles on this topic, but only 24 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The results showed that caffeic acid supplementation reduced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, possibly through its antioxidant potential and increased expression of osteoblast markers. However, some studies showed that caffeic acid did not affect bone resorption in ovariectomized rats and might impair bone mechanical properties in normal rats.
CONCLUSION
Caffeic acid potentially regulates the bone remodelling process by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, as well as osteoblast apoptosis. Thus, it has medicinal values against bone diseases.
Topics: Animals; Bone Resorption; Bone and Bones; Caffeic Acids; Humans; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 33519191
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S287280 -
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of... 1993
Review
Topics: Animals; Caffeic Acids; Carcinogens; Food Analysis; Fruit; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Plants, Medicinal; Stomach Neoplasms; Vegetables
PubMed: 8411618
DOI: No ID Found -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2021Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors that may lead to a more sinister disease. Raised blood pressure, dyslipidemia in the form of elevated... (Review)
Review
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors that may lead to a more sinister disease. Raised blood pressure, dyslipidemia in the form of elevated triglycerides and lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, raised fasting glucose, and central obesity are the risk factors that could lead to full-blown diabetes, heart disease, and many others. With increasing sedentary lifestyles, coupled with the current COVID-19 pandemic, the numbers of people affected with MetS will be expected to grow in the coming years. While keeping these factors checked with the polypharmacy available currently, there is no single strategy that can halt or minimize the effect of MetS to patients. This opens the door for a more natural way of controlling the disease. Caffeic acid (CA) is a phytonutrient belonging to the flavonoids that can be found in abundance in plants, fruits, and vegetables. CA possesses a wide range of beneficial properties from antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, antianxiolytic, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities. This review discusses the current discovery of the effect of CA against MetS.
Topics: Animals; Caffeic Acids; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome
PubMed: 34576959
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185490 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2021Diabetic dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia contribute to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to deleterious complications, such as nephropathy,...
Diabetic dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia contribute to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to deleterious complications, such as nephropathy, atherosclerosis and cardiac dysfunction, and target major organs in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of caffeic acid (CA) on mouse weight and survival, serum level of fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipid parameters and atherogenic indices, oxidative damage in blood, liver and kidney tissue, pathophysiological changes and their function markers in healthy and alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced in mice with a single intravenous injection of alloxan (75 mg kg). Two days later, CA (50 mg kg) was given intraperitoneally for seven days in diabetic mice. Diabetes affected glucose level, lipid profile, hematological and biochemical parameters, induced DNA damage and apoptotic/necrotic death in whole blood cells, liver and kidney, leading to weight loss and a decreased lifespan. CA treatment of diabetic mice revealed a protective effect on the liver and kidney, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties and high protection against atherogenic outcomes. The obtained results suggest that CA is a safe and potent agent against diabetes that acts as an effective antioxidant in reducing serum glucose, lipid profile and atherogenic indices, leading to increased lifespan in mice.
Topics: Alloxan; Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Atherosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Caffeic Acids; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemia; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipids; Liver; Male; Mice; Necrosis; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 34071554
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113262 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Jun 2022Monolignin alcohols (type H, type G and type S) are the basic units of lignin and lignans in plants, and their composition differences directly determine the chemical...
Monolignin alcohols (type H, type G and type S) are the basic units of lignin and lignans in plants, and their composition differences directly determine the chemical diversity and biological activity of lignin and lignans. Caffeic acid -methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzes the methylation of oxygen atoms on the hydroxyl groups of phenylpropanoids, playing a critical role in the composition of different types of monolignin alcohols, and thus acting as a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis pathway of lignin and lignans. A previous review published in 2010 mainly introduced the gene characteristics of COMT and its regulatory role in lignin biosynthesis. This article summarized the latest research progress of COMT in the past decade, including the gene characteristics, expression characteristics, structural characteristics of COMT and its regulatory effects, and prospected future research and application of COMT.
Topics: Alcohols; Caffeic Acids; Lignans; Lignin; Methyltransferases; Plants
PubMed: 35786471
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.210818 -
Journal of Pharmacological Sciences Feb 2023Caffeic acid has been indicated to benefit cholesterol balance, but the effect of pure caffeic acid on atherosclerosis in vivo has not been tested. Given that...
Caffeic acid has been indicated to benefit cholesterol balance, but the effect of pure caffeic acid on atherosclerosis in vivo has not been tested. Given that atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease share common features including distracted lipid balance and chronic inflammation, the concurrent effects of caffeic acid on atherosclerotic lesions and cognitive decline were explored here by using the ApoE mice model. A two months' administration of 20 mg/kg caffeic acid or saline was given once two days intraperitoneally to 5-month-old female ApoE mice. We found that the caffeic acid treatment reduced the atherosclerotic lesions in the whole aorta and aortic sinus of the resulting 7-month-old ApoE mice by roughly 50%, compared with the saline control. Meanwhile, the cognitive decline of treated mice were significantly alleviated, as measured by Y-maze and Morris water maze tasks. A reduced accumulation of β-amyloid in the hippocampus was also observed. These effects were associated with elevated serum HDL-c concentration, upregulated ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA levels, as well as decrease local inflammation and reduced levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1. These obtained results suggested the preventive and therapeutic potential of caffeic acid against atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease during aging.
Topics: Female; Animals; Mice; Alzheimer Disease; Atherosclerosis; Inflammation; Apolipoproteins E; Cognitive Dysfunction; Mice, Knockout; Plaque, Atherosclerotic
PubMed: 36707176
DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.12.006 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022The aim of this study was to determine the influence of caffeic and caftaric acid, fructose, and storage temperature on the formation of furan-derived compounds during...
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of caffeic and caftaric acid, fructose, and storage temperature on the formation of furan-derived compounds during storage of base wines. Base wines produced from Chardonnay grapes were stored at 15 and 30 °C for 90 days with additions of fructose, caffeic acid, and caftaric acid independently or in combinations. Wines were analyzed following 90 days of storage for: total hydroxycinnamic acids, degree of browning, caffeic acid and caftaric acid concentrations, and nine furan-derived compounds. Caffeic and caftaric acid additions increased homofuraneol concentration by 31% and 39%, respectively, at 15 °C (p < 0.05). Only the addition of caffeic acid increased furfural by 15% at 15 °C (p < 0.05). Results demonstrate that some furan derivatives over 90 days at 15 °C increased slightly with 5 mg/L additions of caffeic and caftaric acid. This is the first time the influence of hydroxycinnamic acids on furan-derived compounds has been reported during short-term aging of base wine at cellar temperature.
Topics: Wine; Temperature; Coumaric Acids; Fructose; Caffeic Acids; Furans
PubMed: 36431991
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227891