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BMC Research Notes Feb 2022Campylobacter upsaliensis has been recognized as an emerging pathogen. However, little is known about its survival in the environment. To evaluate its survival...
OBJECTIVE
Campylobacter upsaliensis has been recognized as an emerging pathogen. However, little is known about its survival in the environment. To evaluate its survival capability, we estimated the reduction in viable counts of C. upsaliensis after aerobic exposure to starvation in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), acidity (pH = 4.3), high osmolarity (4% NaCl), and dryness in wet pulp disks at different temperatures. Also, survival in dog feces and dog food at variable temperate was assessed.
RESULTS
Campylobacter upsaliensis remained culturable under starvation for 4 days at 25 °C and for 10 weeks at 4 °C. C. upsaliensis was also recoverable after exposure to high osmolality for 9 days, dryness for 5 days, and acidity for 2 days, respectively. Similarly, C. upsaliensis survived in dog feces and dog food for several days at 25 °C and weeks at 4 °C. The survival capability of the organism was dependent on the water content, and also temperature. Notably, the tested C. upsaliensis strain was less resilient under all tested conditions than a C. jejuni strain used as a control. The findings showed that C. upsaliensis is able to survive under various environmental stresses, suggesting that it could pose a potential threat to public health.
Topics: Animals; Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter upsaliensis; Dogs; Feces
PubMed: 35164832
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-05919-2 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2021is the main cause of bacterial foodborne disease and poultry meat is the principal source of human infections. Rapid methods for detection are urgently needed to...
is the main cause of bacterial foodborne disease and poultry meat is the principal source of human infections. Rapid methods for detection are urgently needed to decrease high bacterial prevalence in poultry products. In this study, we developed new primers, CampyPFw and CampyPRv, that target the 16S-23S rRNA genes of , , and The primers were tested on positive and negative reference strains in pure cultures and in inoculated poultry meat samples before their application in real-time PCR (qPCR) protocol for analyzing chicken meat samples. In parallel, the samples were tested by using the ISO 10272-1:2006 method. The qPCR protocol based on CampyPFw and CampyPRv showed good sensitivity, with the limit of detection of 4.6 × 10 cells/mL in chicken samples without enrichment steps.
PubMed: 34681388
DOI: 10.3390/foods10102341 -
Journal of Medical Primatology Apr 2019The aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate the prevalence and characterization of Campylobacter spp. from non-human primates primate (NHP) with a history of...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate the prevalence and characterization of Campylobacter spp. from non-human primates primate (NHP) with a history of endemic diarrhea housed at Como Park Zoo.
METHODS
Fecal samples from 33 symptom-free NHP belonging to eight different species were collected weekly for 9 weeks. Species-level characterization and phylogenetic analysis of isolates included biochemical testing and 16S rRNA sequencing.
RESULTS
Campylobacter spp. were isolated from the feces of 42% (14/33) of the primates. Three Campylobacter spp. (C upsaliensis, C jejuni, and novel Campylobacter sp.) were identified from three NHP species. A possible positive host Campylobacter species-specificity was observed. However, no statistical association was observed between the isolation of Campylobacter spp. and age and sex of the animal.
CONCLUSIONS
The study revealed the value of conducting repeated fecal sampling to establish the overall prevalence of Campylobacter in zoo-maintained NHP; it also importantly identifies a novel Campylobacter sp. isolated from white-faced saki monkeys.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Zoo; Ape Diseases; Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter jejuni; Campylobacter upsaliensis; Female; Haplorhini; Hominidae; Male; Minnesota; Monkey Diseases; Phylogeny; Prevalence; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Species Specificity
PubMed: 30536921
DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12393 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jul 1998Despite strong epidemiological evidence supporting an important role for Campylobacter upsaliensis as a human enteropathogen, it remains relatively unknown in the realm... (Review)
Review
Despite strong epidemiological evidence supporting an important role for Campylobacter upsaliensis as a human enteropathogen, it remains relatively unknown in the realm of clinical microbiology. Clinical studies indicate that infection with this organism usually is associated with benign self-limiting diarrhea. However, more serious illnesses, including spontaneous abortion and hemolytic-uremic syndrome, recently have been associated with human infections. Understanding of the virulence properties and molecular biology of C. upsaliensis is beginning to evolve. There is now a pressing need for controlled, prospective epidemiologic studies in addition to further in-depth investigation of the pathogenesis of this enteric campylobacter to more precisely define its role in human disease. Furthermore, since C. upsaliensis is sensitive to the antibiotics routinely used in Campylobacter selective media, widespread appreciation of the importance of this organism will rely on the development of widely applicable, effective techniques for its isolation.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Child; Diarrhea; Disease Reservoirs; Dogs; Feces; Humans; Zoonoses
PubMed: 9665977
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.11.3.440 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2024was the most common species in pets' gastrointestinal tracts and has been isolated from patients with bacteremia, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, spontaneous abortion, and...
was the most common species in pets' gastrointestinal tracts and has been isolated from patients with bacteremia, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, spontaneous abortion, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. However, the genetic characteristics and the full extent of its significance as a human pathogen remain to be fully understood. This study involved an investigation for genomic analysis of 154 strains from different sources and additional antimicrobial resistance profiles of 26 strains for this species. The genomes contained 1,558-1,971 CDS and the genome sizes were estimated to vary from 1.53 Mb to 1.86 Mb, with an average GC content of 34.71%. The entire analyzed genomes could be divided into three clades (A, B, and C) based on ANI and phylogenomic analysis. Significantly, nearly all strains in Clade B were isolated from patient samples, and the virulence-related sequences FlgD, GmhA, and CdtC might serve as determining factors for the classification of Clade B. Half of the tested isolates had MIC values over 64 μg mL for nalidixic acid, gentamicin, and streptomycin. Isolates from pets in China carried more resistant elements in the genomes. This study both provided a comprehensive profile of for its genomic features and suggested some pathogenic agents for human infection with this species.
Topics: Humans; Campylobacter upsaliensis; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter; Genomics; China
PubMed: 38085548
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2294857 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2020enteritis in humans is primarily associated with infection. Other species cause campylobacteriosis relatively infrequently; while this could be attributed to bias in...
enteritis in humans is primarily associated with infection. Other species cause campylobacteriosis relatively infrequently; while this could be attributed to bias in diagnostic methods, the pathogenicity of non- spp. such as and (isolated from dogs and cats) is uncertain. larvae are suitable models of the mammalian innate immune system and have been applied to studies. This study compared the pathogenicity of , , and isolates. Larvae inoculated with either or showed significantly higher survival than those inoculated with . All three species induced indistinguishable histopathological changes in the larvae. could be isolated from inoculated larvae up to eight days post-inoculation whereas and could only be isolated in the first two days. There was a significant variation in the hazard rate between batches of larvae, in strains, and in biological replicates as random effects, and in species and bacterial dose as fixed effects. The model is applicable to other spp. as well as but may be subject to significant variation with all species. While and cannot be considered non-pathogenic, they are significantly less pathogenic than .
PubMed: 32872505
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090713 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2022Overweight and obesity are growing health problems in domestic cats, increasing the risks of insulin resistance, lipid dyscrasias, neoplasia, cardiovascular disease, and...
Overweight and obesity are growing health problems in domestic cats, increasing the risks of insulin resistance, lipid dyscrasias, neoplasia, cardiovascular disease, and decreasing longevity. The signature of obesity in the feline gut microbiota has not been studied at the whole-genome metagenomic level. We performed whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing in the fecal samples of eight overweight/obese and eight normal cats housed in the same research environment. We obtained 271 Gbp of sequences and generated a 961-Mbp reference contig assembly, with 1.14 million annotated microbial genes. In the obese cat microbiome, we discovered a significant reduction in microbial diversity (0.01) and Firmicutes abundance (0.005), as well as decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios (0.02), which is the inverse of obese human/mouse microbiota. Linear discriminant analysis and quantitative PCR (qPCR) validation revealed significant increases of sp., and Campylobacter upsaliensis as the hallmark of obese microbiota among 400 enriched species, whereas 1,525 bacterial species have decreased abundance in the obese microbiome. Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens and an uncharacterized are highly abundant (>0.05%) in the normal gut with over 400-fold depletion in the obese microbiome. Fatty acid synthesis-related pathways are significantly overrepresented in the obese compared with the normal cat microbiome. In conclusion, we discovered dramatically decreased microbial diversity in obese cat gut microbiota, suggesting potential dysbiosis. A panel of seven significantly altered, highly abundant species can serve as a microbiome indicator of obesity. Our findings in the obese cat microbiome composition, abundance, and functional capacities provide new insights into feline obesity. Obesity affects around 45% of domestic cats, and licensed drugs for treating feline obesity are lacking. Physical exercise and calorie restrictions are commonly used for weight loss but with limited efficacy. Through comprehensive analyses of normal and obese cat gut bacteria flora, we identified dramatic shifts in the obese gut microbiome, including four bacterial species significantly enriched and two species depleted in the obese cats. The key bacterial community and functional capacity alterations discovered from this study will inform new weight management strategies for obese cats, such as evaluations of specific diet formulas that alter the microbiome composition, and the development of prebiotics and probiotics that promote the increase of beneficial species and the depletion of obesity-associated species. Interestingly, these bacteria identified in our study were also reported to affect the weight loss success in human patients, suggesting translational potential in human obesity.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Cats; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Metagenome; Mice; Obesity; Overweight; Weight Loss
PubMed: 35467389
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00837-22 -
The New Microbiologica Sep 2023Campylobacter upsaliensis is an emerging pathogen implicated in human gastroenteritis. Contact with pets, especially dogs, has been identified as a risk factor. Fourteen...
Campylobacter upsaliensis is an emerging pathogen implicated in human gastroenteritis. Contact with pets, especially dogs, has been identified as a risk factor. Fourteen (14) C. upsaliensis isolates were obtained from household dogs in Metro Manila, Philippines. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) determined high resistance to ciprofloxacin (92.86%), erythromycin (100%), and tetracycline (100%). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) identified 14 novel sequence types and 1 novel clonal complex, which is suggestive of a high genotypic diversity within C. upsaliensis. AST results indicate that antimicrobial stewardship and education of pet owners should be emphasised in veterinary practice.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Dogs; Campylobacter upsaliensis; Philippines; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple
PubMed: 37747476
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Mar 2017Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) consisting of CdtA, CdtB and CdtC has been reported to be a possible virulence factor of campylobacters including Campylobacter...
Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) consisting of CdtA, CdtB and CdtC has been reported to be a possible virulence factor of campylobacters including Campylobacter upsaliensis. In our previous study, the cdtB gene-based PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay for detection and differentiation of 7 Campylobacter species yielded 3 different RFLP patterns (Cu-I to Cu-III). In this study, entire cdt (Cucdt) genes of each pattern were sequenced to see whether there are any differences in cdt genes, its amino acid sequences and biological activity of CuCDT. We found that all 3 representative strains harbor the entire Cucdt genes and homology between prototype and newly determined Cucdt genes was 94 to 98% with cdtA, 93 to 94% with cdtB and 92 to 93% with cdtC, while that between amino acids of CuCDT was 95 to 99% with CdtA, 97 to 98% with CdtB and 92 to 93% with CdtC. Furthermore, CDT activity produced by C. upsaliensis strains was examined by cytotoxicity assay with HeLa cells. Interestingly, C. upsaliensis produced 64 to 2,340 times higher CDT titer in comparison to other campylobacters did. In addition, Cu-III showed 64 times higher CDT titer than Cu-II, although CDT production level was almost the same by western blotting. These data suggest that CDT produced by C. upsaliensis might contribute more to human diseases in comparison to that produced by other campylobacters and Cu-III CDT seems to be more toxic to HeLa cells in comparison to Cu-I and Cu-II CDTs.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Toxins; Campylobacter upsaliensis; Cytotoxins; DNA, Bacterial; Dogs; Genes, Bacterial; HeLa Cells; Humans; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Species Specificity
PubMed: 28202878
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0654