Did you mean: camplyobacteraceae
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Clinical Microbiology Reviews Sep 2019is among the four main causes of gastroenteritis worldwide and has increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The vast majority of... (Review)
Review
is among the four main causes of gastroenteritis worldwide and has increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The vast majority of reported infections are caused by and, to a lesser extent, ; however, the increasing recognition of other emerging pathogens is urgently demanding a better understanding of how these underestimated species cause disease, transmit, and evolve. In parallel to the enhanced clinical awareness of campylobacteriosis due to improved diagnostic protocols, the application of high-throughput sequencing has increased the number of whole-genome sequences available to dozens of strains of many emerging campylobacters. This has allowed for comprehensive comparative pathogenomic analyses for several species, such as and These studies have started to reveal the evolutionary forces shaping their genomes and have brought to light many genomic features related to pathogenicity in these neglected species, promoting the development of new tools and approaches relevant for clinical microbiology. Despite the need for additional characterization of genomic diversity in emerging campylobacters, the increasing body of literature describing pathogenomic studies on these species deserves to be discussed from an integrative perspective. This review compiles the current knowledge and highlights future work toward deepening our understanding about genome dynamics and the mechanisms governing the evolution of pathogenicity in emerging species, which is urgently needed to develop strategies to prevent or control the spread of these pathogens.
Topics: Biological Evolution; Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Humans
PubMed: 31270126
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00072-18 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Dec 2017
Topics: Campylobacter fetus; Culture Media
PubMed: 29488554
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182017000600587 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020spp. are the leading global cause of bacterial colon infections in humans. Enteropathogens are subjected to several stress conditions in the host colon, food complexes,... (Review)
Review
spp. are the leading global cause of bacterial colon infections in humans. Enteropathogens are subjected to several stress conditions in the host colon, food complexes, and the environment. Species of the genus , in collective interactions with certain enteropathogens, can manage and survive such stress conditions. The stress-adaptation mechanisms of spp. diverge from other enteropathogenic bacteria, such as , serovar Typhi, ser. Paratyphi, ser. Typhimurium, and species of the genera and . This review summarizes the different mechanisms of various stress-adaptive factors on the basis of species diversity in , including their response to various stress conditions that enhance their ability to survive on different types of food and in adverse environmental conditions. Understanding how these stress adaptation mechanisms in , and other enteric bacteria, are used to overcome various challenging environments facilitates the fight against resistance mechanisms in spp., and aids the development of novel therapeutics to control in both veterinary and human populations.
Topics: Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter jejuni; Enterobacteriaceae; Humans; Shigella
PubMed: 33614524
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.596570 -
Veterinary Research 2005Species within the genus, Campylobacter, have emerged over the last three decades as significant clinical pathogens, particularly of human public health concern, where... (Review)
Review
Species within the genus, Campylobacter, have emerged over the last three decades as significant clinical pathogens, particularly of human public health concern, where the majority of acute bacterial enteritis in the Western world is due to these organisms. Of particular concern are the species, C. jejuni and C. coli, which are responsible for most of these gastrointestinal-related infections. Although these organisms have already emerged as causative agents of zoonoses, several aspects of their epidemiology and pathophysiology are only beginning to emerge. Trends in increasing antibiotic resistance are beginning to emerge with oral antibiotics, which may be the drug of choice for when it is necessary to intervene chemotherapeutically. This review wishes to examine (i) emerging clinical aspects of the disease, such as Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS), (ii) the association between these organisms and poultry as a natural host, (iii) environmental aspects of Campylobacter epidemiology, (iv) the emergence of atypical campylobacters (v) emerging trends in antibiotic resistance, (vi) adoption of modern methods for the detection of campylobacters.
Topics: Animals; Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Food Microbiology; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 15845230
DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2005012 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Dec 2017Ongoing changes in taxonomic methods, and in the rapid development of the taxonomic structure of species assigned to the Epsilonproteobacteria have lead the...
Minimal standards for describing new species belonging to the families Campylobacteraceae and Helicobacteraceae: Campylobacter, Arcobacter, Helicobacter and Wolinella spp.
Ongoing changes in taxonomic methods, and in the rapid development of the taxonomic structure of species assigned to the Epsilonproteobacteria have lead the International Committee of Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Campylobacter and Related Bacteria to discuss significant updates to previous minimal standards for describing new species of Campylobacteraceae and Helicobacteraceae. This paper is the result of these discussions and proposes minimum requirements for the description of new species belonging to the families Campylobacteraceae and Helicobacteraceae, thus including species in Campylobacter, Arcobacter, Helicobacter, and Wolinella. The core underlying principle remains the use of appropriate phenotypic and genotypic methods to characterise strains sufficiently so as to effectively and unambiguously determine their taxonomic position in these families, and provide adequate means by which the new taxon can be distinguished from extant species and subspecies. This polyphasic taxonomic approach demands the use of appropriate reference data for comparison to ensure the novelty of proposed new taxa, and the recommended study of at least five strains to enable species diversity to be assessed. Methodological approaches for phenotypic and genotypic (including whole-genome sequence comparisons) characterisation are recommended.
Topics: Arcobacter; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Campylobacter; Campylobacteraceae; Helicobacter; Helicobacteraceae; Wolinella
PubMed: 29034857
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002255 -
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in... Jun 2015The global significance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli as gastrointestinal human pathogens has motivated numerous studies to characterize their... (Review)
Review
The global significance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli as gastrointestinal human pathogens has motivated numerous studies to characterize their population biology and evolution. These bacteria are a common component of the intestinal microbiota of numerous bird and mammal species and cause disease in humans, typically via consumption of contaminated meat products, especially poultry meat. Sequence-based molecular typing methods, such as multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), have been instructive for understanding the epidemiology and evolution of these bacteria and how phenotypic variation relates to the high degree of genetic structuring in C. coli and C. jejuni populations. Here, we describe aspects of the relatively short history of coevolution between humans and pathogenic Campylobacter, by reviewing research investigating how mutation and lateral or horizontal gene transfer (LGT or HGT, respectively) interact to create the observed population structure. These genetic changes occur in a complex fitness landscape with divergent ecologies, including multiple host species, which can lead to rapid adaptation, for example, through frame-shift mutations that alter gene expression or the acquisition of novel genetic elements by HGT. Recombination is a particularly strong evolutionary force in Campylobacter, leading to the emergence of new lineages and even large-scale genome-wide interspecies introgression between C. jejuni and C. coli. The increasing availability of large genome datasets is enhancing understanding of Campylobacter evolution through the application of methods, such as genome-wide association studies, but MLST-derived clonal complex designations remain a useful method for describing population structure.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Campylobacter coli; Campylobacter jejuni; Evolution, Molecular; Recombination, Genetic
PubMed: 26101080
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a018119 -
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases May 2022We report a case of Campylobacter lari vertebral osteomyelitis with iliopsoas abscess. This is the first case report of vertebral osteomyelitis due to C. lari, which was...
We report a case of Campylobacter lari vertebral osteomyelitis with iliopsoas abscess. This is the first case report of vertebral osteomyelitis due to C. lari, which was identified from a vertebral biopsy sample collected using CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy in a patient without obvious episodes of immunodeficiency. Cultureing using the HK semisolid medium aided in pathogen ideutification. It is important to make every possible effort to identify the causative pathogen in vertebral osteomyelitis.
Topics: Campylobacter; Campylobacter lari; Humans; Osteomyelitis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34719531
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2021.532 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Sep 2020is a major bacterial foodborne-pathogen. Ciprofloxacin is an important antibiotic for the treatment of , albeit high rates of fluoroquinolone resistance have limited...
is a major bacterial foodborne-pathogen. Ciprofloxacin is an important antibiotic for the treatment of , albeit high rates of fluoroquinolone resistance have limited its usefulness. Persister-cells are transiently antibiotic-tolerant fractions of bacterial populations and their occurrence has been associated with recalcitrant and persistent bacterial infections. Here, time-kill assays with ciprofloxacin (200×MIC, 25 µg ml) were performed in strains 81-176 and RM1221 and persister-cells were found. The frequency of survivors after 8 h of ciprofloxacin exposure was approx. 10 for both strains, while after 22 h the frequency was between 10-10, depending on the strain and growth-phase. Interestingly, the stationary-phase cultures did not display more persister-cells compared to exponential-phase cultures, in contrast to what has been observed in other bacterial species. Persister-cells after ampicillin exposure (100×MIC, 200 µg ml) were not detected, implying that persister-cell formation in is antibiotic-specific. In attempts to identify the mechanism of ciprofloxacin persister-cell formation, stringent or SOS responses were not found to play major roles. Overall, this study reports ciprofloxacin persister-cells in and challenges the notion of persister-cells as plainly dormant non-growing cells.
Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Load; Campylobacter jejuni; Ciprofloxacin; DNA Damage; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Tolerance; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; SOS Response, Genetics
PubMed: 32697188
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000953 -
Virulence Apr 2013Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. While mortality is low, morbidity imparted by post-infectious sequelae such as... (Review)
Review
Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. While mortality is low, morbidity imparted by post-infectious sequelae such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, Reiter syndrome/reactive arthritis and irritable bowel syndrome is significant. In addition, the economic cost is high due to lost productivity. Food animals, particularly poultry, are the main reservoirs of C. jejuni. The over-use of antibiotics in the human population and in animal husbandry has led to an increase in antibiotic-resistant infections, particularly with fluoroquinolones. This is problematic because C. jejuni gastroenteritis is clinically indistinguishable from that caused by other bacterial pathogens, and such illnesses are usually treated empirically with fluoroquinolones. Since C. jejuni is naturally transformable, acquisition of additional genes imparting antibiotic resistance is likely. Therefore, an understanding of the antibiotic resistance mechanisms in C. jejuni is needed to provide proper therapy both to the veterinary and human populations.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter jejuni; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans
PubMed: 23406779
DOI: 10.4161/viru.23753 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Nov 2012Human campylobacteriosis, caused by the zoonotic bacteria Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, remains a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. For many... (Review)
Review
Human campylobacteriosis, caused by the zoonotic bacteria Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, remains a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. For many countries the implementation of effective interventions to reduce the burden of this disease is a high priority. Nucleotide sequence-based typing, including multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antigen gene sequence typing (AGST), has provided unified, comprehensive, and portable Campylobacter isolate characterization, with curated databases of genotypes available (pubMLST.org/campylobacter). Analyses of large collections of isolates from various sources with these approaches have provided many insights into the epidemiology of these ubiquitous and diverse organisms. C. jejuni and C. coli populations are structured into clonal complexes, which reflect genealogy and are associated with specific phenotypes, e.g. the predisposition to infect particular animals, a property that has permitted the development of genetic means of attributing isolates from human disease to potential sources. This has identified retail meat, and especially chicken, as the likely cause of most human disease in many countries, although some human isolates have other likely origins. Such data have led directly to effective intervention studies and will be important in ongoing targeting of intervention strategies and the monitoring of their effectiveness. MLST and AGST data have also been employed in epidemiological investigations and studies of Campylobacter evolution and population biology. The sequence databases that have been established are compatible with the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) approaches likely to be implemented soon; indeed, the hierarchical approach adopted by MLST and AGST will be essential for the exploitation of WGS data.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter coli; Campylobacter jejuni; Databases, Nucleic Acid; Humans
PubMed: 22986295
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.062000-0