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Przeglad Epidemiologiczny 2016Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a gram-negative, capnophilic rod constituting normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity of dogs and cats. It is also considered to be an... (Review)
Review
Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a gram-negative, capnophilic rod constituting normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity of dogs and cats. It is also considered to be an etiological factor of infections in human that may lead to multiple complications, i.a. sepsis, endocarditis and meningitis. C. canimorsus poses a serious threat, especially to patients with asplenia, cirrhosis or alcohol abuse. In most cases, infection occurs after a dog bite. Isolation and identification of the bacteria from the biological material is difficult and often delayed because of slow growth of the bacteria on microbiological media. Gold standard for bacteriological identification of C. canimorsus is polymerase chain reaction method. Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid is considered the drug of choice used in prophylaxis of C. canimorsus infections. Based on the data available from the literature, the authors present the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical picture, diagnostic methods and treatment of the C. canimorsus infection.
Topics: Animals; Bites and Stings; Capnocytophaga; Cats; Dogs; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans
PubMed: 27837588
DOI: No ID Found -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2023IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is reportedly associated with microbial dysbiosis. However, the microbiome dysregulation of IgAN patients across multiple niches remains unclear....
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is reportedly associated with microbial dysbiosis. However, the microbiome dysregulation of IgAN patients across multiple niches remains unclear. To gain a systematic understanding of microbial dysbiosis, we conducted large-scale 16S rRNA gene sequencing in IgAN patients and healthy volunteers across 1,732 oral, pharynx, gut, and urine samples. We observed a niche-specific increase of several opportunistic pathogens, including and in the oral and pharynx, whereas some beneficial commensals decreased in IgAN patients. Similar alterations were also observed in the early versus advanced stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Moreover, , and in the oral and pharynx were positively associated with creatinine and urea, indicating renal lesions. Random forest classifiers were developed by using the microbial abundance to predict IgAN, achieving an optimal accuracy of 0.879 in the discovery phase and 0.780 in the validation phase. This study provides microbial profiles of IgAN across multiple niches and underlines the potential of these biomarkers as promising, noninvasive tools with which to differentiate IgAN patients for clinical applications.
Topics: Humans; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Dysbiosis; Biomarkers; Microbiota
PubMed: 37227280
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05202-22 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Apr 2019
Topics: Agar; Bacteriological Techniques; Capnocytophaga
PubMed: 31344157
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182019000200219 -
Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry Apr 2023Antibiotics play an important role in treating periodontal diseases. Due to the effectiveness of antibiotic therapies, their usage in dentistry has significantly...
PURPOSE
Antibiotics play an important role in treating periodontal diseases. Due to the effectiveness of antibiotic therapies, their usage in dentistry has significantly increased. The aim of this study focused on the in-vitro susceptibility of different gram-negative oral bacteria species - which are associated with periodontal diseases (Fusobacterium spp., Capnocytophaga spp. and Leptotrichia buccalis) and have different geographical origins (Asia and Europe) - against antimicrobials that are clinically relevant in dental therapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 45 strains were tested (29 Fusobacterium spp., 13 Capnocytophaga spp. and 3 L. buccalis) that were either isolated from Chinese patients or were obtained from different strain collections. Their antimicrobial susceptibility to the antimicrobial agents benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, clindamycin, doxycycline, tetracycline and metronidazole was tested using the E-Test. Strains with particular resistance to penicillin, clindamycin and metronidazole were further analysed for resistance genes.
RESULTS
All tested bacterial isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, doxycycline and tetracycline, but showed variable sensitivity towards other antibiotics such as benzylpenicillin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, clindamycin and metronidazole.
CONCLUSION
The results of the present study suggest that certain periodontal disease-related bacterial strains can be resistant towards antimicrobial agents commonly used in adjuvant periodontal therapy.
Topics: Humans; Clindamycin; Metronidazole; Capnocytophaga; Doxycycline; Fusobacterium; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Moxifloxacin; Leptothrix; Leptotrichia; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Amoxicillin; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 37014213
DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4009553 -
Oral Diseases Oct 2021Capnocytophaga spp. are commensal bacteria of the oral cavity and constitute a genus of the core microbiome. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Capnocytophaga spp. are commensal bacteria of the oral cavity and constitute a genus of the core microbiome.
OBJECTIVE
This genus is responsible for many local and systemic conditions in both the immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, but its beneficial or deleterious role in the microbiota has been little explored.
DESIGN
Online databases were used to identify papers published from 1999 to 2019 based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) data to study comparative trials. Work using other identification methods, case reports, reviews, and non-comparative clinical trials was excluded.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
We selected 42 papers from among 668 publications. They showed a link between the abundance of Capnocytophaga spp. in the oral microbiota and various local pathologies (higher for gingivitis and halitosis; lower in active smokers, etc.) or systemic diseases (higher for cancer and carcinomas, IgA nephropathy, etc.). After discussing the limits inherent to the NGS techniques, we present several technical and biological hypotheses to explain the diversity of results observed between studies, as well as the links between the higher or lower abundance of Capnocytophaga spp and the appearance of local or systemic conditions and diseases.
Topics: Capnocytophaga; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Microbiota; Mouth; Prevalence
PubMed: 32738007
DOI: 10.1111/odi.13573 -
Microorganisms Jan 2019Nowadays cancer is the second main cause of death in the world. The most known bacterial carcinogen is . Pathogens that can have an impact on cancer development in the... (Review)
Review
Nowadays cancer is the second main cause of death in the world. The most known bacterial carcinogen is . Pathogens that can have an impact on cancer development in the gastrointestinal tract are also found in the oral cavity. Some specific species have been identified that correlate strongly with oral cancer, such as sp., sp., sp., sp., , and . Many works have also shown that the oral periopathogens and play an important role in the development of colorectal and pancreatic cancer. Three mechanisms of action have been suggested in regard to the role of oral microbiota in the pathogenesis of cancer. The first is bacterial stimulation of chronic inflammation. Inflammatory mediators produced in this process cause or facilitate cell proliferation, mutagenesis, oncogene activation, and angiogenesis. The second mechanism attributed to bacteria that may influence the pathogenesis of cancers by affecting cell proliferation is the activation of NF-κB and inhibition of cellular apoptosis. In the third mechanism, bacteria produce some substances that act in a carcinogenic manner. This review presents potentially oncogenic oral bacteria and possible mechanisms of their action on the carcinogenesis of human cells.
PubMed: 30642137
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7010020 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2023The etiology of preterm birth (PTB) is heterogeneous and not yet well known. Maternal periodontal disease has been investigated for decades and is a known risk factor...
BACKGROUND
The etiology of preterm birth (PTB) is heterogeneous and not yet well known. Maternal periodontal disease has been investigated for decades and is a known risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, no particular bacterial species or higher taxonomic order has been found as causative of PTB, leading to studies of the whole oral microbiome. In order to determine if and how the composition of the oral microbiome is associated with PTB, we performed a large case-control study including women with term (TB) and PTB.
METHODS
We compared oral microbiomes in PTB to TB, to examine differences in the microbial richness, diversity, and differential abundance of specific taxa. We obtained oral swab samples from 152 Caucasian pregnant women who were classified as either PTB (≤36 6/7 weeks, = 61) or TB (≥38 0/7 weeks, = 91) in exclusion of any other major medical or obstetric conditions. The oral microbiomes of these women were characterized by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing of the V3-V4 region on the MiSeq platform.
RESULTS
The dominant microorganisms at the phylum level in all pregnant women regardless of birth week outcomes as belonging to , and . The phyla and were relatively more abundant in women with a PTB than in women with a TB, while was less prevalent in women with a PTB. At the genus level, , , and were enriched in the PTB, and while many of the members of these genera could not be resolved to the species level, was shown to be increased in the PTB group.
CONCLUSION
We identified the genera , , and in the maternal oral microbiome as being associated with PTB independently of clinically apparent infection, uterine anomalies, and other pregnancy complications, including placenta previa, and placental abruption. The clarification of the role of those taxa in the etiology of PTB merits further research.
PubMed: 37608830
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1177990 -
Ophthalmology Aug 2000To review the clinical course, treatment, and visual outcomes of keratitis caused by the gram negative rod CAPNOCYTOPHAGA:
PURPOSE
To review the clinical course, treatment, and visual outcomes of keratitis caused by the gram negative rod CAPNOCYTOPHAGA:
DESIGN
Retrospective, noncomparative case series.
PARTICIPANTS
Ten patients with culture-proven unilateral CAPNOCYTOPHAGA: keratitis examined at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1998.
INTERVENTION
All patients underwent standard diagnostic microbiologic evaluation, and topical antimicrobial therapy was instituted. A penetrating keratoplasty or enucleation was performed in some patients.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The changes in visual acuity and clinical response to antimicrobial therapy.
RESULTS
Predisposing factors were present in all patients. Cultures identified CAPNOCYTOPHAGA: species at a mean of 7.5 days. Initial topical treatment consisted of an aminoglycoside and vancomycin in four patients, a quinolone or aminoglycoside alone in two patients each, and ofloxacin with vancomycin or tobramycin with ceftazidime in one patient each. After the microbiologic identification of CAPNOCYTOPHAGA:, treatment in four patients was changed to intensive, topical clindamycin. Five of the 10 eyes were medically cured (3 of these eyes underwent penetrating keratoplasty for corneal scarring), and 5 eyes required enucleation. The indications for enucleation included persistent infection with development of endophthalmitis or blind, painful eye. Five of the 10 eyes achieved 20/80 or better final visual acuity. Four of these five eyes were treated with topical clindamycin.
CONCLUSIONS
Important factors in achieving a good visual outcome in CAPNOCYTOPHAGA: keratitis include early microbiologic identification and intensive therapy with topical clindamycin. CAPNOCYTOPHAGA: should be included in the differential diagnosis of bacterial keratitis in patients with suggestive predisposing factors or with protracted keratitis unresponsive to treatment.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Capnocytophaga; Eye Enucleation; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Keratitis; Keratoplasty, Penetrating; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 10919898
DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00227-x -
BMC Ophthalmology Jan 2021Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a facultative anaerobic, slow-growing, capnophilic, Gram-negative bacillus, that is commonly found in the microflora of canine and feline... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a facultative anaerobic, slow-growing, capnophilic, Gram-negative bacillus, that is commonly found in the microflora of canine and feline oral cavities. Capnocytophaga infections are an emerging zoonotic disease that can cause fatal systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals. Localized ocular Capnocytophaga infections, including keratitis, blepharitis, and endophthalmitis, can lead to severe eye threatening situations. To our knowledge, there is currently no documented case of Capnocytophaga canimorsus blebitis with bleb perforation after trabeculectomy.
CASE PRESENTATION
Our case report and literature review features a novel case of Capnocytophaga blebitis that occurred after trabeculectomy, associated with close dog contact (i.e. face licking). The patient had underwent trabeculectomy 10 years prior and presented with conjunctival injection, perforated bleb, and hypotony. Overall, patient was medically treated subconjunctival vancomycin, gentamicin and moxifloxacin drops. Trabeculectomy revision was performed with good visual outcome. Bacterial cultures grew Capnocytophaga canimorsus.
CONCLUSIONS
We discuss the strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and common risk factors for ocular Capnocytophaga infections. At-risk patients with ocular infections should be asked about close contact with dogs and cats; and treated promptly with the proper antibiotic regimen.
Topics: Animals; Capnocytophaga; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans
PubMed: 33499831
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-01823-8 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Jul 2013Capnocytophaga canimorsus and Capnocytophaga cynodegmi are part of the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity of dogs and cats. C canimorsus is more pathogenic and... (Review)
Review
OVERVIEW
Capnocytophaga canimorsus and Capnocytophaga cynodegmi are part of the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity of dogs and cats. C canimorsus is more pathogenic and causes more severe infections in humans.
INFECTION
Disease is less frequently seen after a cat bite, scratch or close contact than after dog contacts. Serious disease has been reported in people, especially associated with immunocompromise and alcoholism. Disease in cats is not well documented; two cases of respiratory infection have been associated with the presence of these bacteria.
DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis is based on culture in specific media, but these are slow growing bacteria; polymerase chain reaction and sequencing may aid in diagnosis and species identification.
TREATMENT
Penicillin or beta-lactams are the treatment options of choice. ZOONOTIC POTENTIAL: Based on incidence surveys, the zoonotic potential is low. The risk may be higher for immunocompromised persons, where dog and cat ownership must be discussed.
Topics: Animals; Capnocytophaga; Cat Diseases; Cats; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 23813822
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X13489220