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International Journal of Environmental... May 2020Organochlorine (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) have been intensively applied in rice paddy field farming to control pest infestation and increase the...
Organochlorine (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) have been intensively applied in rice paddy field farming to control pest infestation and increase the yield. In this study, we investigated the presence of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in paddy rice and soil from rice plantations in Thailand and China. According to concentration and distribution of OCPs, the most abundant OCPs residues in rice and soil from Thailand and China were dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and hexachlorocyclohexanes. The OPPs of methidathion, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon were common to Thailand and China in both types of samples. The detection frequency of multiple types of these pesticides was greater than 50% of total samples. The relative concentration of some OPPs residues in rice and soil from Thailand and China were significantly different from each other (p < 0.0083), whereas, no significant difference was observed for the relative concentration of OCPs residues in rice and soil from both countries, except for HCHs (p < 0.05). Bioaccumulation factors of OCPs between rice and soil samples indicated that OCPs and OPPs in soil could accumulate in rice. The carcinogenic and non- carcinogenic risks of OCPs and OPPs seem to be in the safe range as recommended by the European Union.
Topics: China; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Oryza; Pesticides; Risk Assessment; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Thailand
PubMed: 32471043
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113786 -
British Journal of Industrial Medicine Jul 1961Nineteen cases of poisoning by the organophosphorus insecticide trithion (O,O-diethyl S--chlorophenylthiomethyl phosphorodithioate) are reported among workers on a...
Nineteen cases of poisoning by the organophosphorus insecticide trithion (O,O-diethyl S--chlorophenylthiomethyl phosphorodithioate) are reported among workers on a sugarcane estate in Trinidad. There were no fatalities. Whole blood cholinesterase values determined by a portable field kit are given for some cases. The insecticide was applied as a dust under conditions in which absorption through the skin and inhalation were probably unusually severe.
Topics: Insecticides; Medical Records; Occupational Diseases; Organothiophosphorus Compounds
PubMed: 13712593
DOI: 10.1136/oem.18.3.231 -
Journal of Health & Pollution Dec 2020Cowpea is a leguminous crop commonly grown and eaten in Nigeria. Organophosphate insecticides are frequently used to control insect populations in cowpea crops.
BACKGROUND
Cowpea is a leguminous crop commonly grown and eaten in Nigeria. Organophosphate insecticides are frequently used to control insect populations in cowpea crops.
OBJECTIVES
The present study was conducted to investigate the concentrations of organophosphate insecticide residues in cowpea varieties in Gwagwalada, Nigeria, and assess health risks to consumers.
METHODS
Samples of brown and white cowpea varieties were collected from Gwagwalada market, Abuja, Nigeria. Concentrations of organophosphate insecticide residues in the cowpea samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selective ion monitoring. Risk evaluation was carried out by the determination of estimated daily intake, hazard quotient and chronic hazard index.
RESULTS
The organophosphates detected in the cowpea varieties were malathion, parathion, ethion and carbophenothion. The concentrations of insecticides in the cowpea types were higher than the maximum residue limits recommended by the European Union (EU) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). The hazard quotient values were less than 100% for malathion, parathion and ethion in the cowpea varieties for adults and children. The hazard quotient of carbophenothion for adults was below 100% for the cowpea types, while the hazard quotient surpassed 100% for children. The chronic hazard indexes for children were 364% and 276% for the brown and white cowpea types, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The results obtained in the present study indicate that consumers, particularly children, may be exposed to health risks through the consumption of cowpea types. Consequently, monitoring and regulation of organophosphate insecticide usage in Nigeria should be intensified.
PubMed: 33324500
DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-10.28.201203 -
Bulletin of the World Health... 1963The authors have evaluated a number of organophosphorus compounds for residual contact toxicity to adult Anopheles stephensi. Fenthion and malathion were the most...
The authors have evaluated a number of organophosphorus compounds for residual contact toxicity to adult Anopheles stephensi. Fenthion and malathion were the most promising of the compounds, and wettable powder deposits at a dosage of 1 g/m(2) on plywood remained effective for five months. There was, however, a rapid loss of effectiveness on dried mud bricks stored at 25 degrees C and 50%-55% relative humidity.Diazinon and ronnel were less persistent on plywood. Guthion and coumaphos, although highly toxic by topical application, were both ineffective as contact insecticides when applied as solids in suspension. Trithion and methyl trithion were relatively low in toxicity both by topical application and as contact insecticides.
Topics: Animals; Anopheles; Insecticides; Mosquito Control; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Phosphorus; Poisons
PubMed: 13951701
DOI: No ID Found