-
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2020has been traditionally used to treat skin injuries (burns, cuts, insect bites, and eczemas) and digestive problems because its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and... (Review)
Review
has been traditionally used to treat skin injuries (burns, cuts, insect bites, and eczemas) and digestive problems because its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties. Research on this medicinal plant has been aimed at validating traditional uses and deepening the mechanism of action, identifying the compounds responsible for these activities. The most investigated active compounds are aloe-emodin, aloin, aloesin, emodin, and acemannan. Likewise, new actions have been investigated for and its active compounds. This review provides an overview of current pharmacological studies (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials), written in English during the last six years (2014-2019). In particular, new pharmacological data research has shown that most studies refer to anti-cancer action, skin and digestive protective activity, and antimicrobial properties. Most recent works are in vitro and in vivo. Clinical trials have been conducted just with , but not with isolated compounds; therefore, it would be interesting to study the clinical effect of relevant metabolites in different human conditions and pathologies. The promising results of these studies in basic research encourage a greater number of clinical trials to test the clinical application of and its main compounds, particularly on bone protection, cancer, and diabetes.
Topics: Aloe; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Cardiotonic Agents; Humans; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 32183224
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061324 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2019Resveratrol, the phenolic substance isolated initially from and richly present in grapes, wine, peanuts, soy, and berries, has been attracting attention of scientists... (Review)
Review
Resveratrol, the phenolic substance isolated initially from and richly present in grapes, wine, peanuts, soy, and berries, has been attracting attention of scientists and medical doctors for many decades. Herein, we review its effects on the vascular system. Studies utilizing cell cultures and pre-clinical models showed that resveratrol alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, resveratrol suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, promotes autophagy, and has been investigated in the context of vascular senescence. Pre-clinical models unambiguously demonstrated numerous vasculoprotective effects of resveratrol. In clinical trials, resveratrol moderately diminished systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients, as well as blood glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus. Yet, open questions remain, as exemplified by a recent report which states that the intake of resveratrol might blunt certain positive effects of exercise in older persons, and further research addressing the framework for long-term use of resveratrol as a food supplement, will stay in demand.
Topics: Animals; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Resveratrol
PubMed: 30934670
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071523 -
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia :... Dec 2016Cardiogenic shock is characterized by a decrease in myocardial contractility, and presents a high mortality rate. Inotropic and vasopressor agents have been recommended... (Review)
Review
Cardiogenic shock is characterized by a decrease in myocardial contractility, and presents a high mortality rate. Inotropic and vasopressor agents have been recommended and used for several years in the treatment of patients in shock, but they remain controversial. Despite its beneficial effect on myocardial contractility, the side effects of inotropic therapy (arrhythmias and increased myocardial oxygen consumption) may be associated with increased mortality. The pharmacodynamics of different inotropic agents suggest benefits in specific situations, but these differences have not been reflected in reduced mortality in most studies, making it difficult to formulate recommendations. This review integrates data from different studies on the use of inotropes and vasopressors in patients with cardiogenic shock, proposing a therapeutic scheme for the pharmacological treatment of patients in cardiogenic shock according to the patient's hemodynamic profile.
Topics: Cardiotonic Agents; Hemodynamics; Humans; Myocardial Contraction; Shock, Cardiogenic; Vasoconstrictor Agents
PubMed: 27836218
DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2016.08.004 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2019Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease associated with high cardiovascular (CV) risk. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are the latest... (Review)
Review
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease associated with high cardiovascular (CV) risk. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are the latest class of antidiabetic medication that inhibit the absorption of glucose from the proximal tubule of the kidney and hence cause glycosuria. Four SGLT2i are currently commercially available in many countries: canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and ertugliflozin. SGLT2i reduce glycated hemoglobin by 0.5%-1.0% and have shown favorable effects on body weight, blood pressure, lipid profile, arterial stiffness and endothelial function. More importantly, SGLT2i have demonstrated impressive cardioprotective and renoprotective effects. The main mechanisms underlying their cardioprotective effects have been attributed to improvement in cardiac cell metabolism, improvement in ventricular loading conditions, inhibition of the Na/H exchange in the myocardial cells, alteration in adipokines and cytokines production, as well as reduction of cardiac cells necrosis and cardiac fibrosis. The main adverse events of SGLT2i include urinary tract and genital infections, as well as euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Concerns have also been raised about the association of SGLT2i with lower limb amputations, Fournier gangrene, risk of bone fractures, female breast cancer, male bladder cancer, orthostatic hypotension, and acute kidney injury.
Topics: Animals; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
PubMed: 31426529
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162965 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Dec 2020Epidemiological studies showed that the metabolic syndromes (MetS) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for a serious threat to human health worldwide.... (Review)
Review
Epidemiological studies showed that the metabolic syndromes (MetS) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for a serious threat to human health worldwide. MetS is a syndromes characterized by fat metabolism disorder, obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance and other risk factors, which increases the risk of CVDs initiation and development. Although certain drugs play a role in lowering blood sugar and lipid, some side effects also occur. Considering the multiple pathogenesis, a great deal of natural products have been attempted to treat metabolic syndromes. Ginsenosides, as the active components isolated from Panax ginseng C.A.Mey, have been reported to have therapeutic effects on MetS and CVDs, of which pharmacological mechanisms were further studied as well. This review aims to systematically summarize current pharmacological effects of ginsenosides on MetS and CVDs, potential mechanisms and clinic trials, which will greatly contribute to the development of potential agents for related disease treatment.
Topics: Animals; Biological Products; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Ginsenosides; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metabolic Syndrome; Phytotherapy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33254433
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110915 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2020The omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are found in seafood (especially fatty fish), supplements and concentrated... (Review)
Review
The omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are found in seafood (especially fatty fish), supplements and concentrated pharmaceutical preparations. Long-term prospective cohort studies consistently demonstrate an association between higher intakes of fish, fatty fish and marine n-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA) or higher levels of EPA and DHA in the body and lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially coronary heart disease (CHD) and myocardial infarction (MI), and cardiovascular mortality in the general population. This cardioprotective effect of EPA and DHA is most likely due to the beneficial modulation of a number of known risk factors for CVD, such as blood lipids, blood pressure, heart rate and heart rate variability, platelet aggregation, endothelial function, and inflammation. Evidence for primary prevention of CVD through randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is relatively weak. In high-risk patients, especially in the secondary prevention setting (e.g., post-MI), a number of large RCTs support the use of EPA + DHA (or EPA alone) as confirmed through a recent meta-analysis. This review presents some of the key studies that have investigated EPA and DHA in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD, describes potential mechanisms for their cardioprotective effect, and evaluates the more recently published RCTs in the context of existing scientific literature.
Topics: Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular System; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32085487
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041362 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2021This study was conducted to estimate the protective effect of Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and to explore its mechanism. The...
This study was conducted to estimate the protective effect of Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and to explore its mechanism. The rats were subjected to left anterior descending ligation and perfusion surgery. In vitro experiments were performed on H9c2 cells using the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model. The results showed the administration of C3G reduced the infarction area, mitigated pathological alterations, inhibited ST segment elevation, and attenuated oxidative stress and ferroptosis-related protein expression. C3G also suppressed the expressions of USP19, Beclin1, NCOA4, and LC3II/LC3I. In addition, treatment with C3G relieved oxidative stress, downregulated LC3II/LC3I, reduced autophagosome number, downregulated TfR1 expression, and upregulated the expressions of FTH1 and GPX4 in OGD/R-induced H9c2 cells. C3G could inhibit the protein levels of USP19 and LC3II. C3G promoted K11-linked ubiquitination of Beclin1. Further evidence that C3G reduced ferroptosis and ameliorated myocardial I/R injury was demonstrated with the ferroptosis promoter RSL3. Taken together, C3G could be a potential agent to protect myocardium from myocardial I/R injury.
Topics: Animals; Anthocyanins; Autophagy; Beclin-1; Cardiotonic Agents; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Endopeptidases; Ferroptosis; Glucose; Iron; Male; Mice; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats
PubMed: 33628391
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8880141 -
Cardiovascular Therapeutics 2008Sanguinarine is an alkaloid found in many medicinal plants. It has diverse biological activities, including modulation of nuclear factor-kappaB and of several enzymes.... (Review)
Review
Sanguinarine is an alkaloid found in many medicinal plants. It has diverse biological activities, including modulation of nuclear factor-kappaB and of several enzymes. It is also known to induce apoptosis, perturb microtubules, and to have antimicrobial effects. This article reviews its cardiovascular properties, including hypotensive, antiplatelet, and positive inotropic effects. Its pharmacokinetics, and toxicology, including its carcinogenic potential, are also discussed. Further pharmacological and toxicological studies with sanguinarine are needed before its therapeutic use can be considered.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Benzophenanthridines; Carcinogens; Cardiotonic Agents; Humans; Isoquinolines; Mutagens
PubMed: 18466423
DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3466.2007.00037.x -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2020Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. It manifests as an imbalance between blood demand and blood delivery in the... (Review)
Review
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. It manifests as an imbalance between blood demand and blood delivery in the myocardium, which leads to cardiac ischemia and myocardial necrosis. While it is not easy to identify the first pathogenic cause of MI, the consequences are characterized by ischemia, chronic inflammation, and tissue degeneration. A poor MI prognosis is associated with extensive cardiac remodeling. A loss of viable cardiomyocytes is replaced with fibrosis, which reduces heart contractility and heart function. Recent advances have given rise to the concept of natural polyphenols. These bioactive compounds have been studied for their pharmacological properties and have proven successful in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Studies have focused on their various bioactivities, such as their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and free radical scavenging. In this review, we summarized the effects and benefits of polyphenols on the cardiovascular injury, particularly on the treatment of myocardial infarction in animal and human studies.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cardiotonic Agents; Humans; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Polyphenols
PubMed: 32751587
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153469 -
JACC. Heart Failure Apr 2013
Topics: Cardiotonic Agents; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hydrazones; Male; Pyridazines; Simendan
PubMed: 24621842
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2013.02.002