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Cardiovascular Diabetology Mar 2022Triglyceride glucose (TyG) index was recently reported to be associated with an increased risk of the development and recurrence of cardiovascular events, and...
BACKGROUND
Triglyceride glucose (TyG) index was recently reported to be associated with an increased risk of the development and recurrence of cardiovascular events, and atherosclerosis is a main speculative mechanism. However, data on the relationship between TyG index and atherosclerosis, especially in the setting of ischemic stroke, is rare. We aimed to explore the association between TyG index and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with ischemic stroke.
METHODS
A total of 1523 ischemic stroke patients with TyG index and carotid artery imaging data were enrolled in this analysis. The TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Carotid atherosclerosis was measured by common carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT), and abnormal cIMT was defined as a mean cIMT and maximum cIMT value ≥ 1 mm. Multivariable logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline models were used to assess the relationships between TyG index and abnormal cIMT. Risk reclassification and calibration of models with TyG index were analyzed.
RESULTS
The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) in quartile 4 versus quartile 1 of TyG index were 1.56 (1.06-2.28) for abnormal mean cIMT and 1.46 (1.02-2.08) for abnormal maximum cIMT, respectively. There were linear relationships between TyG index and abnormal mean cIMT (P for linearity = 0.005) and abnormal maximum cIMT (P for linearity = 0.027). In addition, the TyG index provided incremental predictive capacity beyond established risk factors, shown by an increase in net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement (all P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
A higher TyG index was associated with carotid atherosclerosis measured by cIMT in patients with ischemic stroke, suggesting that TyG could be a promising atherosclerotic marker.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery Diseases; Carotid Artery, Common; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Glucose; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Risk Factors; Triglycerides
PubMed: 35303881
DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01472-1 -
Swiss Dental Journal May 2018Vascular supply is key for maintenance of healthy tissue conditions but also with regard to healing following trauma or therapeutic interventions. The face is probably... (Review)
Review
Vascular supply is key for maintenance of healthy tissue conditions but also with regard to healing following trauma or therapeutic interventions. The face is probably the most exposed part of the body and any changes of vascularity are readily visible (skin blanching, ecchymosis, hematoma, edema). With regard to the arterial supply, all vessels reaching the facial skin originate from the bilateral common carotid arteries. The ophthalmic artery is considered the major arterial shunt between the internal and external carotid artery systems. Main arterial contributors to the face include the facial, transverse facial, and infraorbital arteries. In general, homonymous veins accompany the arteries, but there are some exceptions (inferior ophthalmic vein, retromandibular vein). Furthermore, the facial vein demonstrates a consistently more posterior course compared to the facial artery. Lymphatic vessels including lymph nodes play an important role for facial drainage.
Topics: Arteries; Carotid Artery, External; Carotid Artery, Internal; Face; Humans; Lymphatic System; Maxillary Artery; Ophthalmic Artery; Orbit; Reference Values; Skin; Temporal Arteries; Veins
PubMed: 29734800
DOI: No ID Found -
JACC. Cardiovascular Interventions Jul 2020
Topics: Angioplasty; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery, Common; Humans; Stents; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32703596
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2020.04.047 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2021The aim was to determine the variations in the level of origin of carotid bifurcation and diameters of the common, internal, and external carotid arteries which is...
The aim was to determine the variations in the level of origin of carotid bifurcation and diameters of the common, internal, and external carotid arteries which is clinically important for several interventional procedures. Therefore, 165 human embalmed corpses were dissected. The data collected were analyzed using the Chi square-test and the Pearson correlation test. The results of previous studies have been reviewed. In relation to the level of the carotid bifurcation, taking as a reference point the hyoid bone, the values ranged from 4 cm below the hyoid body to 2.5 cm above the body of the hyoid, being the average height-0.33 cm, with a standard deviation of 1.19 cm. The right carotid bifurcation was established at a higher level (x = - 0.19 cm.) than the left one (x = - 0.48 cm.) (p = 0.046). On the contrary, no significant gender differences could be observed. The arterial calibres of the common and internal carotid arteries were higher in male than female. In the internal carotid artery (X = 0.76 cm.), the left was greater than the right (X = 0.72 cm.) (P = 0.047). However, no differences in the distribution of the calibre of the external carotid artery were found neither by side nor gender. Variations in the level of bifurcation and calibres of carotid arteries are relevant for interventional radiology procedures and head and neck surgeries. Knowledge of these anatomical references might help clinicians in the interpretation of the carotid system.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery, External; Carotid Artery, Internal; Female; Humans; Hyoid Bone; Male; Middle Aged; Neck; Tissue Donors
PubMed: 34226652
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93397-0 -
Journal of Applied Physiology... Nov 2021We explored the influence of sex and maturation on resting cervical artery hemodynamics (common carotid artery, CCA; internal carotid artery, ICA; and vertebral artery,...
We explored the influence of sex and maturation on resting cervical artery hemodynamics (common carotid artery, CCA; internal carotid artery, ICA; and vertebral artery, VA), free-living physical activity, and sedentary behavior in children 6-17 yr of age. In addition, we investigated the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and cervical artery hemodynamics. Seventy-eight children and adolescents, girls ( = 42; mean age, 11.4 ± 2.5 yr) and boys ( = 36; mean age, 11.0 ± 2.6 yr), completed anthropometric measures, duplex ultrasound assessment of the cervical arteries, and wore an activPAL accelerometer to assess physical activity (indexed by steps/day) and sedentary behavior for 7 days. The ICA and VA diameters were similar between prepubertal and pubertal groups, as was volumetric blood flow (); however, the CCA diameter was significantly larger in the pubertal group ( < 0.05). Boys were found to have larger diameters in all cervical arteries than girls, as well as higher , , and global cerebral blood flow ( < 0.05). The pubertal group was more sedentary (100 min/day more; < 0.05) and took 3,500 fewer steps/day than the prepubertal group ( < 0.05). Shear rate (SR) and of the cervical arteries showed no relationship to physical activity or prolonged bouts of sedentary behavior; however, a significant negative relationship was apparent between total sedentary time and internal carotid artery shear rate (ICA) after covarying for steps/day and maturation ( < 0.05). These findings provide novel insight into the potential influence sedentary behavior may have on cerebrovascular blood flow in healthy girls and boys. Cerebral blood flow is known to change with age; however, assessing these age-related changes is complex and requires consideration of pubertal status. This, to our knowledge, is the first study to investigate the influence of sex and maturation on resting cervical artery hemodynamics and subsequently explore associations with physical activity and sedentary behavior in healthy children and adolescents. Our findings suggest that habitual sedentary behavior may influence cervical artery hemodynamics in youth, independent of physical activity, maturation, and sex.
Topics: Adolescent; Carotid Artery, Common; Carotid Artery, Internal; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Child; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Vertebral Artery
PubMed: 34617820
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00537.2021 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Nov 2022Carotid and vertebral Doppler ultrasonography (USG) is the primary diagnostic tool for the detection of extra cranial atherosclerotic disease and measurement of...
BACKGROUND
Carotid and vertebral Doppler ultrasonography (USG) is the primary diagnostic tool for the detection of extra cranial atherosclerotic disease and measurement of posterior fossa blood flow volume. The examination is performed while the patient lies on supine position. However, in daily practice we occasionally encounter patients who are not able to lie down on supine position for different reasons, such as kyphosis, severe dyspnea, or severe back pain.
AIM
We aimed to compare the doppler spectral measurements of carotid and vertebral arteries obtained in supine and sitting positions.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Fifty-three patients were recorded in the first group, to whom carotid and vertebral (CV) Doppler Ultrasound examination was initially performed while sitting, and another 52 patients were examined as the second group where initial measurements were done in a supine position. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (ED) from each vessel, internal carotid artery (ICA)/common carotid artery (CCA) ratio, and volume flow of vertebral artery (VA) were measured in supine and sitting positions. Also, another 83 patients with a complaint of vertigo were included in the third group but only VA measurements were compared.
RESULTS
In the first group, there was a difference between sitting and supine positions in right ICA diastolic, right and left VA diastolic, and left CCA diastolic velocities (P < 0.05). In the second group, there was a difference in sitting and supine positions in right CCA systolic, right CCA diastolic, and left CCA diastolic velocities (P < 0.05). In the third group, there was a difference in sitting and supine positions in right and left VA diastolic velocities, left VA volume flow, and total VA volume flow (P < 0.05). A strong correlation was detected between supine and sitting positions regarding right and left ICA stenoses. Alterations in waveforms were noted in three patients' unilateral VAs, in supine and sitting positions.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that CV doppler examinations may be performed in the sitting positions. Examination in the sitting position may be helpful in recognizing pre-steal and retrograde flows.
Topics: Humans; Vertebral Artery; Sitting Position; Blood Flow Velocity; Carotid Artery, Internal; Carotid Artery, Common
PubMed: 36412296
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_326_22 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Aug 2023: The carotid bifurcation (CB) is presented in most anatomy textbooks as having a unique location at the upper margin of the thyroid cartilage. Although a number of case...
: The carotid bifurcation (CB) is presented in most anatomy textbooks as having a unique location at the upper margin of the thyroid cartilage. Although a number of case reports have provided evidence of the possibility of carotid artery location either lateral or medial to the greater hyoid horn, these reports have not established specific anatomic possibilities and prevalences. : We retrospectively analysed a batch of 147 CT angiograms for 12 types of carotid-hyoid relationships and classified the bilateral combination possibilities of these types. : In 168/294 sides there were no carotid-hyoid relationships. Type I, external carotid artery (ECA) medial to the greater horn of the hyoid bone (GHHB), was observed in 0.34%; type II, internal carotid artery (ICA) medial to GHHB, in 0.34%; type III, ICA and ECA medial to GHHB, in 1.02%; type IV, common carotid artery (CCA) medial to GHHB, in 1.02%; type V, CB medial to GHHB, in 0.34%; type VI, ECA lateral to GHHB, in 20.41%; type VII, ICA lateral to GHHB, was not recorded; type VIII, ECA and ICA lateral to GHHB, in 3.74%; type IX, CCA lateral to GHHB, in 8.5%; type X, CB lateral to GHHB, in 6.46%; type XI, ECA lateral and ICA medial to GHHB, in 0.34%; and type XII, ICA lateral and ECA medial to GHHB, in 0.34%. Bilateral symmetry was found in 70.74% of cases, including the null types without carotid-hyoid relationships as well as types IV, VI, VIII, IX, and X. There was a highly significant association between the left and right variants of the carotid-hyoid relationship. : Mechanical compression of the hyoid bone on the carotid arteries has various undesirable effects on the ICA and cerebral circulation. Underlying these are several variational anatomical patterns of carotid-hyoid relationships, which can be accurately documented on CT angiograms. A case-by-case anatomical study is better than assuming the carotid anatomy learned from textbooks.
Topics: Humans; Hyoid Bone; Retrospective Studies; Carotid Artery, Common; Neck; Angiography
PubMed: 37629784
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081494 -
JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging Feb 2021
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery, Common; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Child; Humans; Predictive Value of Tests
PubMed: 33541531
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.12.021 -
BioMed Research International 2019In an attempt to describe the morphofunctional consequences of uni- and bilateral aplasia of the common carotid artery (CCA), which is usually a vascular source of the... (Review)
Review
In an attempt to describe the morphofunctional consequences of uni- and bilateral aplasia of the common carotid artery (CCA), which is usually a vascular source of the external carotid (ECA) and internal carotid (ICA) arteries, we investigated online databases of anatomical and clinical papers published from the 18th century to the present day. We found 87 recorded cases of uni- and bilateral CCA aplasia in subjects from the first hours to the eighth decade of life, which had been discovered in 14 (known) countries. Four crucial parameters were described: the embryology of the carotid arteries, morphophysiology of the carotid arteries, CCA aplasia, and unilateral versus bilateral CCA aplasia, including history, general data, diagnosing, vascular sources, caliber, course of the separated ECA and ICA, associated vascular variants, and pathological disorders. To complete the knowledge of the morphofunctional consequences of the absence of some artery of the carotid system, and risking the possibility of repeating some words, as "carotid artery", or "carotid aplasia" and the headings from our previous article about bilateral ICA absence, this review is the first in the literature that recorded all cases of the CCA aplasia published and/or cited for the past 233 years. Main characteristic of the CCA absence is its association with 21 different diseases, among which the aneurysms were in 13.69% of cases, and 17.80% of cases were without pathology.
Topics: Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery Diseases; Carotid Artery, Common; Carotid Artery, External; Carotid Artery, Internal; Databases, Factual; Humans
PubMed: 31976332
DOI: 10.1155/2019/9896138 -
BMC Geriatrics Nov 2022Postinduction hypotension is closely related to postoperative complications. Elderly patients with compromised cardiovascular compensatory reserve are more susceptible... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Carotid artery corrected flow time and respiratory variations of peak blood flow velocity for prediction of hypotension after induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients.
BACKGROUND
Postinduction hypotension is closely related to postoperative complications. Elderly patients with compromised cardiovascular compensatory reserve are more susceptible to hypotension after induction of general anesthesia. This study investigated whether the carotid artery corrected flow time (FTc) and respiratory variation of peak blood flow velocity in the common carotid artery (ΔVpeak) could predict postinduction hypotension in elderly patients.
METHODS
This prospective observational study included elderly patients aged 65 to 75 who were scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia with ASA physical status class of I-II, without cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, or obesity. Anesthesia was induced by midazolam, sufentanil, and etomidate and was maintained by sevoflurane. The carotid artery FTc and ΔVpeak were measured by ultrasound before induction of anesthesia. Hemodynamic data were recorded before induction and then during the first 10 min after induction.
RESULTS
Ninety-nine patients were included in the final analysis, of whom 63 developed postinduction hypotension. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves was 0.87 (0.78 to 0.93) for carotid artery FTc and 0.67 (0.56 to 0.76) for ΔVpeak, respectively. The optimal cutoff value for predicting postinduction hypotension was 379.1 ms for carotid artery FTc, with sensitivity and specificity of 72.2 and 93.7%, respectively. The best cutoff value was 7.5% for ΔVpeak, with sensitivity and specificity of 55.6 and 75.0%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The carotid artery FTc is a reliable predictor of postinduction hypotension in elderly patients with ASA status of I or II, without cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, or obesity. Elderly patients with a carotid artery FTc less than 379.1 ms before anesthesia have a higher risk of postinduction hypotension.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinical Trial Registry on August 2nd, 2020 ( www.chictr.org.cn ; ChiCTR2000035190).
Topics: Aged; Humans; Blood Flow Velocity; Cardiovascular Diseases; Hypotension; Carotid Arteries; Anesthesia, General; Carotid Artery, Common; Hypertension; Obesity
PubMed: 36402973
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03619-x