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Journal of Hematology & Oncology Mar 2022Research on tumor immunotherapy has made tremendous progress in the past decades, with numerous studies entering the clinical evaluation. The cancer vaccine is... (Review)
Review
Research on tumor immunotherapy has made tremendous progress in the past decades, with numerous studies entering the clinical evaluation. The cancer vaccine is considered a promising therapeutic strategy in the immunotherapy of solid tumors. Cancer vaccine stimulates anti-tumor immunity with tumor antigens, which could be delivered in the form of whole cells, peptides, nucleic acids, etc. Ideal cancer vaccines could overcome the immune suppression in tumors and induce both humoral immunity and cellular immunity. In this review, we introduced the working mechanism of cancer vaccines and summarized four platforms for cancer vaccine development. We also highlighted the clinical research progress of the cancer vaccines, especially focusing on their clinical application and therapeutic efficacy, which might hopefully facilitate the future design of the cancer vaccine.
Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Cancer Vaccines; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms
PubMed: 35303904
DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01247-x -
Circulation Research Jan 2018Platelets, non-nucleated blood components first described over 130 years ago, are recognized as the primary cell regulating hemostasis and thrombosis. The vascular... (Review)
Review
Platelets, non-nucleated blood components first described over 130 years ago, are recognized as the primary cell regulating hemostasis and thrombosis. The vascular importance of platelets has been attributed to their essential role in thrombosis, mediating myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thromboembolism. Increasing knowledge on the platelets' role in the vasculature has led to many advances in understanding not only how platelets interact with the vessel wall but also how they convey changes in the environment to other circulating cells. In addition to their well-described hemostatic function, platelets are active participants in the immune response to microbial organisms and foreign substances. Although incompletely understood, the immune role of platelets is a delicate balance between its pathogenic response and its regulation of thrombotic and hemostatic functions. Platelets mediate complex vascular homeostasis via specific receptors and granule release, RNA transfer, and mitochondrial secretion that subsequently regulates hemostasis and thrombosis, infection, and innate and adaptive immunity.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Blood Platelets; Hemostasis; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Thrombosis
PubMed: 29348254
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.310795 -
Nutrients Apr 2019Resveratrol is the most well-known polyphenolic stilbenoid, present in grapes, mulberries, peanuts, rhubarb, and in several other plants. Resveratrol can play a... (Review)
Review
Resveratrol is the most well-known polyphenolic stilbenoid, present in grapes, mulberries, peanuts, rhubarb, and in several other plants. Resveratrol can play a beneficial role in the prevention and in the progression of chronic diseases related to inflammation such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancers among other conditions. Moreover, resveratrol regulates immunity by interfering with immune cell regulation, proinflammatory cytokines' synthesis, and gene expression. At the molecular level, it targets sirtuin, adenosine monophosphate kinase, nuclear factor-κB, inflammatory cytokines, anti-oxidant enzymes along with cellular processes such as gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Resveratrol can suppress the toll-like receptor (TLR) and pro-inflammatory genes' expression. The antioxidant activity of resveratrol and the ability to inhibit enzymes involved in the production of eicosanoids contribute to its anti-inflammation properties. The effects of this biologically active compound on the immune system are associated with widespread health benefits for different autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. This review offers a systematic understanding of how resveratrol targets multiple inflammatory components and exerts immune-regulatory effects on immune cells.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Diet; Food Analysis; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Resveratrol
PubMed: 31035454
DOI: 10.3390/nu11050946 -
Cells Jun 2023Metabolic and immune cell responses are intimately linked and cross-regulated [...].
Metabolic and immune cell responses are intimately linked and cross-regulated [...].
Topics: Humans; Inflammation; Immunity, Cellular; Energy Metabolism
PubMed: 37371085
DOI: 10.3390/cells12121615 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Feb 2019In this review, I outline how attachment experiences in adulthood are thought to be related to the immune system. After a brief primer on the two branches of the immune... (Review)
Review
In this review, I outline how attachment experiences in adulthood are thought to be related to the immune system. After a brief primer on the two branches of the immune system, I describe a theoretical model that explains how adults' attachment orientation could influence various immune processes. I then review recent findings documenting novel associations between attachment orientation and measures of the immune system, including inflammatory processes and cellular immunity. I conclude with a discussion about future directions focused on how we can advance our understanding about the role of attachment in shaping immune processes in ways that could shape our health over the lifespan.
Topics: Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Models, Psychological; Object Attachment; Psychological Theory
PubMed: 29631123
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.03.012 -
Inflammopharmacology Oct 2022The immune response plays a crucial role in preventing diseases, such as infections. There are two types of immune responses, specific and innate immunity, each of which... (Review)
Review
The immune response plays a crucial role in preventing diseases, such as infections. There are two types of immune responses, specific and innate immunity, each of which consists of two components: cellular immunity and humoral immunity. Dysfunction in any immune system component increases the risk of developing certain diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease in the human body, develops an immune response against its own components. In these patients, due to underlying immune system disorders and receipt of immunosuppressive drugs, the susceptibility to infections is higher than in the general population and is the single largest cause of mortality in this group. COVID-19 infection, which first appeared in late 2019, has caused several concerns in patients with SLE. However, there is no strong proof of additional risk of developing COVID-19 in patients with SLE, and in some cases, studies have shown less severity of the disease in these individuals. This review paper discusses the immune disorders in SLE and COVID-19.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Innate; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
PubMed: 36028612
DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01047-2 -
Vaccine Aug 2018At the current time, the field of vaccinology remains empirical in many respects. Vaccine development, vaccine immunogenicity, and vaccine efficacy have, for the most... (Review)
Review
At the current time, the field of vaccinology remains empirical in many respects. Vaccine development, vaccine immunogenicity, and vaccine efficacy have, for the most part, historically been driven by an empiric "isolate-inactivate-inject" paradigm. In turn, a population-level public health paradigm of "the same dose for everyone for every disease" model has been the normative thinking in regard to prevention of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. In addition, up until recently, no vaccines had been designed specifically to overcome the immunosenescence of aging, consistent with a post-WWII mentality of developing vaccines and vaccine programs for children. It is now recognized that the current lack of knowledge concerning how immune responses to vaccines are generated is a critical barrier to understanding poor vaccine responses in the elderly and in immunoimmaturity, discovery of new correlates of vaccine immunogenicity (vaccine response biomarkers), and a directed approach to new vaccine development. The new fields of vaccinomics and adversomics provide models that permit global profiling of the innate, humoral, and cellular immune responses integrated at a systems biology level. This has advanced the science beyond that of reductionist scientific approaches by revealing novel interactions between and within the immune system and other biological systems (beyond transcriptional level), which are critical to developing "downstream" adaptive humoral and cellular responses to infectious pathogens and vaccines. Others have applied systems level approaches to the study of antibody responses (a.k.a. "systems serology"), [1] high-dimensional cell subset immunophenotyping through CyTOF, [2,3] and vaccine induced metabolic changes [4]. In turn, this knowledge is being utilized to better understand the following: identifying who is at risk for which infections; the level of risk that exists regarding poor immunogenicity and/or serious adverse events; and the type or dose of vaccine needed to fully protect an individual. In toto, such approaches allow for a personalized approach to the practice of vaccinology, analogous to the substantial inroads that individualized medicine is playing in other fields of human health and medicine. Herein we briefly review the field of vaccinomics, adversomics, and personalized vaccinology.
Topics: Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Humoral; Immunity, Innate; Precision Medicine; Systems Biology; Vaccines
PubMed: 28774561
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.062 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2021
Topics: Animals; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
PubMed: 35002987
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.828635 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2016In 1882, Elie Metchnikoff identified myeloid-like cells from starfish larvae responding to the invasion by a foreign body (rose thorn). This marked the origins for the... (Review)
Review
In 1882, Elie Metchnikoff identified myeloid-like cells from starfish larvae responding to the invasion by a foreign body (rose thorn). This marked the origins for the study of innate immunity, and an appreciation that cellular immunity was well established even in these "primitive" organisms. This chapter focuses on these myeloid cells as well as the newest members of this family, the dendritic cells, and explores their evolutionary origins. Our goal is to provide evolutionary context for the development of the multilayered immune system of mammals, where myeloid cells now serve as central effectors of innate immunity and regulators of adaptive immunity. Overall, we find that core contributions of myeloid cells to the regulation of inflammation are based on mechanisms that have been honed over hundreds of millions of years of evolution. Using phagocytosis as a platform, we show how fairly simple beginnings have offered a robust foundation onto which additional control features have been integrated, resulting in central regulatory nodes that now manage multifactorial aspects of homeostasis and immunity.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Innate; Mammals; Myeloid Cells
PubMed: 27337471
DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0007-2015 -
Minerva Anestesiologica May 2011
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; HLA-DR Antigens; Humans; Immunity; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Innate; Immunosuppression Therapy; Lymphocyte Activation; Surgical Procedures, Operative; T-Lymphocytes; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 21540800
DOI: No ID Found