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Stroke Mar 2020
Topics: Cerebrovascular Disorders; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Stroke
PubMed: 32078448
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.024159 -
The Psychiatric Clinics of North America Dec 2013Although depression in old age is less common than depression in younger populations, it still affects more than 1 million community-living older adults. Depression in... (Review)
Review
Although depression in old age is less common than depression in younger populations, it still affects more than 1 million community-living older adults. Depression in late life has been associated with reduced quality of life and increased mortality from both suicide and illness. Its causes are multifactorial but are prominently related to both biologic and social factors. Psychological factors, although less studied in elders, are also important in understanding its cause. In this article, multiple facets of late-life depression are reviewed, including its clinical presentation, epidemiology, and biopsychosocial causes.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Anxiety Disorders; Bereavement; Brain; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Chronic Disease; Comorbidity; Dementia; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Life Change Events; Loneliness; Neuroticism; Population Dynamics; Recurrence; Risk Factors; Social Support; Stress, Psychological; Suicide
PubMed: 24229653
DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2013.08.001 -
Cerebrovascular Diseases (Basel,... 2021
Topics: Cerebrovascular Disorders; Endovascular Procedures; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mobile Health Units; Neurology; Thrombolytic Therapy
PubMed: 34350880
DOI: 10.1159/000518427 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Intracranial aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a cerebrovascular disorder associated with high overall mortality. Currently, the underlying mechanisms of... (Review)
Review
Intracranial aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a cerebrovascular disorder associated with high overall mortality. Currently, the underlying mechanisms of pathological reaction after aneurysm rupture are still unclear, especially in the immune microenvironment, inflammation, and relevant signaling pathways. SAH-induced immune cell population alteration, immune inflammatory signaling pathway activation, and active substance generation are associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, immunosuppression, and brain injury. Crosstalk between immune disorders and hyperactivation of inflammatory signals aggravated the devastating consequences of brain injury and cerebral vasospasm and increased the risk of infection. In this review, we discussed the role of inflammation and immune cell responses in the occurrence and development of aneurysm SAH, as well as the most relevant immune inflammatory signaling pathways [PI3K/Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), STAT, SIRT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), NLRP3, TLR4/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and Keap1/nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/ARE cascades] and biomarkers in aneurysm SAH. In addition, we also summarized potential therapeutic drugs targeting the aneurysm SAH immune inflammatory responses, such as nimodipine, dexmedetomidine (DEX), fingolimod, and genomic variation-related aneurysm prophylactic agent sunitinib. The intervention of immune inflammatory responses and immune microenvironment significantly reduces the secondary brain injury, thereby improving the prognosis of patients admitted to SAH. Future studies should focus on exploring potential immune inflammatory mechanisms and developing additional therapeutic strategies for precise aneurysm SAH immune inflammatory regulation and genomic variants associated with aneurysm formation.
Topics: Humans; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; Intracranial Aneurysm; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Signal Transduction; Inflammation; Brain Injuries
PubMed: 36505409
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1027756 -
Journal of Neurology Nov 2021Coronavirus Disease 2019 is predominantly a disorder of the respiratory system, but neurological complications have been recognised since early in the pandemic. The... (Review)
Review
Coronavirus Disease 2019 is predominantly a disorder of the respiratory system, but neurological complications have been recognised since early in the pandemic. The major pathophysiological processes leading to neurological damage in COVID-19 are cerebrovascular disease, immunologically mediated neurological disorders and the detrimental effects of critical illness on the nervous system. It is still unclear whether direct invasion of the nervous system by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 occurs; given the vast numbers of people infected at this point, this uncertainty suggests that nervous system infection is unlikely to represent a significant issue if it occurs at all. In this review, we explore what has been learnt about the neurological complications of COVID-19 over the course of the pandemic, and by which mechanisms these complications most commonly occur.
Topics: COVID-19; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33929617
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10581-y -
Cerebrovascular Diseases (Basel,... 2017
Topics: Biomedical Research; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Editorial Policies; Humans; Peer Review, Research; Periodicals as Topic
PubMed: 28166523
DOI: 10.1159/000456575 -
Neurological Sciences : Official... Dec 2020The novel member of coronaviruses family, severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), with high structural homology to SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory... (Review)
Review
The novel member of coronaviruses family, severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), with high structural homology to SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS) has spread rapidly with about 20 million cases infection and over 700,000 deaths. SARS-CoV-2 has been emerged as a worldwide disaster due to non-specific few respiratory and gastrointestinal manifestations at the onset of disease as well as long incubation period. Surprisingly, not only respiratory failure but also the underlying coagulation disorder and neurovascular involvement worsen the clinical outcome of infected patients. In this review article, we describe the probable mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and stroke occurrence. We will also discuss the cerebrovascular events following SARS-CoV-2 infection, the recommended therapies, and future prospects to better manage these patients in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33083934
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04837-0 -
Alzheimer's Research & Therapy Jun 2023Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are a core feature of most neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. White matter hyperintensities and brain atrophy have been...
BACKGROUND
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are a core feature of most neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. White matter hyperintensities and brain atrophy have been implicated in NPS. We aimed to investigate the relative contribution of white matter hyperintensities and cortical thickness to NPS in participants across neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases.
METHODS
Five hundred thirteen participants with one of these conditions, i.e. Alzheimer's Disease/Mild Cognitive Impairment, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Frontotemporal Dementia, Parkinson's Disease, or Cerebrovascular Disease, were included in the study. NPS were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory - Questionnaire and grouped into hyperactivity, psychotic, affective, and apathy subsyndromes. White matter hyperintensities were quantified using a semi-automatic segmentation technique and FreeSurfer cortical thickness was used to measure regional grey matter loss.
RESULTS
Although NPS were frequent across the five disease groups, participants with frontotemporal dementia had the highest frequency of hyperactivity, apathy, and affective subsyndromes compared to other groups, whilst psychotic subsyndrome was high in both frontotemporal dementia and Parkinson's disease. Results from univariate and multivariate results showed that various predictors were associated with neuropsychiatric subsyndromes, especially cortical thickness in the inferior frontal, cingulate, and insula regions, sex(female), global cognition, and basal ganglia-thalamus white matter hyperintensities.
CONCLUSIONS
In participants with neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases, our results suggest that smaller cortical thickness and white matter hyperintensity burden in several cortical-subcortical structures may contribute to the development of NPS. Further studies investigating the mechanisms that determine the progression of NPS in various neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases are needed.
Topics: Humans; Female; White Matter; Frontotemporal Dementia; Parkinson Disease; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 37340319
DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01257-y -
Stroke and Vascular Neurology Jun 2020Headache is a common accompanying symptom of cerebrovascular diseases. The most common patterns of headache for different cerebrovascular disorders, aetiology and... (Review)
Review
Headache is a common accompanying symptom of cerebrovascular diseases. The most common patterns of headache for different cerebrovascular disorders, aetiology and pathogenesis and diagnostic workup are reviewed with emphasis on distinguishing characteristics. It will be a clinical guide for physicians who treat patients with headache or cerebral vascular disease.
Topics: CADASIL; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Headache; Hemodynamics; Humans; Intracranial Thrombosis; MELAS Syndrome; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Vasculitis, Central Nervous System; Vasospasm, Intracranial; Vertebral Artery Dissection
PubMed: 32606088
DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000333 -
The Journal of Head Trauma... 2019Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a major public health concern that has generated considerable scientific interest as a complex brain disorder that is associated... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a major public health concern that has generated considerable scientific interest as a complex brain disorder that is associated with long-term neural consequences. This article reviews the literature on cerebrovascular dysfunction in chronic mTBI, with a focus on the long-term neural implications of such dysfunction.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Evidence is presented from human neuroimaging studies to support cerebrovascular involvement in long-term mTBI pathology. In addition, a pathway between mTBI and neurodegeneration via cerebrovascular dysfunction is explored.
CONCLUSIONS
Future work focused on identifying the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the neural consequences of mTBI will be important to guide therapeutic interventions and long-term care for patients with mTBI.
Topics: Brain Concussion; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Chronic Disease; Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases
PubMed: 30499930
DOI: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000449