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MMWR. Recommendations and Reports :... Jun 2015These guidelines for the treatment of persons who have or are at risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were updated by CDC after consultation with a group of...
These guidelines for the treatment of persons who have or are at risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were updated by CDC after consultation with a group of professionals knowledgeable in the field of STDs who met in Atlanta on April 30-May 2, 2013. The information in this report updates the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010 (MMWR Recomm Rep 2010;59 [No. RR-12]). These updated guidelines discuss 1) alternative treatment regimens for Neisseria gonorrhoeae; 2) the use of nucleic acid amplification tests for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis; 3) alternative treatment options for genital warts; 4) the role of Mycoplasma genitalium in urethritis/cervicitis and treatment-related implications; 5) updated HPV vaccine recommendations and counseling messages; 6) the management of persons who are transgender; 7) annual testing for hepatitis C in persons with HIV infection; 8) updated recommendations for diagnostic evaluation of urethritis; and 9) retesting to detect repeat infection. Physicians and other health-care providers can use these guidelines to assist in the prevention and treatment of STDs.
Topics: Complementary Therapies; Condylomata Acuminata; Counseling; Female; Gonorrhea; HIV Infections; Hepatitis C; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Mycoplasma genitalium; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Recurrence; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Transgender Persons; Trichomonas Infections; Urethritis; Uterine Cervicitis
PubMed: 26042815
DOI: No ID Found -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Jan 1998
Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Humans; Neutrophils; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Uterine Cervicitis; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 9475913
DOI: No ID Found -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Nov 2022The advent of free flaps has made it possible to undertake increasingly complex reconstructive surgeries. Many of the patients have already undergone extensive prior...
The advent of free flaps has made it possible to undertake increasingly complex reconstructive surgeries. Many of the patients have already undergone extensive prior surgery, primary free flap reconstruction and/or cervical irradiation. These treatments strongly impact anatomy and tissue quality. The reconstructive surgeon may be faced with a situation where the choice of recipient vessels is limited; in 7% of cases, no cervical vessels are available at all. For venous anastomosis, branches of the internal and external jugular vein are preferentially used, but may have been ligated or be unusable. Venous congestion is one of the most common causes of failure in these situations. The cephalic vein has been described as an alternative for second anastomosis in first line, but is rarely used for early free-flap salvage. Based on a case study, the technique of cephalic vein transposition is illustrated for early salvage of a double free flap for head-and-neck reconstruction. This technique is simple, reliable and rapid. It should be part of the armamentarium of the head and neck reconstructive surgeon.
Topics: Humans; Neck; Free Tissue Flaps; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Anastomosis, Surgical; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35131200
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2022.01.001 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Mar 2017Upright head and neck position has been frequently applied as baseline for diagnosis of neck problems. However, the variance of the position after cervical motions has...
BACKGROUND
Upright head and neck position has been frequently applied as baseline for diagnosis of neck problems. However, the variance of the position after cervical motions has never been demonstrated. Thus, it is unclear if the baseline position varies evenly across the cervical joints. The purpose was to assess reposition errors of upright cervical spine.
METHODS
Cervical reposition errors were measured in twenty healthy subjects (6 females) using video-fluoroscopy. Two flexion movements were performed with a 20 s interval, the same was repeated for extension, with an interval of 5 min between flexion and extension movements. Cervical joint positions were assessed with anatomical landmarks and external markers in a Matlab program. Reposition errors were extracted in degrees (initial position minus reposition) as constant errors (CEs) and absolute errors (AEs).
RESULTS
Twelve of twenty-eight CEs (7 joints times 4 repositions) exceeded the minimal detectable change (MDC), while all AEs exceeded the MDC. Averaged AEs across the cervical joints were larger after 5 min' intervals compared to 20 s intervals (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study to demonstrate single joint reposition errors of the cervical spine. The cervical spine returns to the upright positions with a 2° average absolute difference after cervical flexion and extension movements in healthy adults.
Topics: Adult; Cervical Vertebrae; Female; Fluoroscopy; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Joints; Male; Movement; Neck; Patient Positioning; Posture; Range of Motion, Articular; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 28288610
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1454-z -
Cell Jan 2017Superior predatory skills led to the evolutionary triumph of jawed vertebrates. However, the mechanisms by which the vertebrate brain controls predation remain largely...
Superior predatory skills led to the evolutionary triumph of jawed vertebrates. However, the mechanisms by which the vertebrate brain controls predation remain largely unknown. Here, we reveal a critical role for the central nucleus of the amygdala in predatory hunting. Both optogenetic and chemogenetic stimulation of central amygdala of mice elicited predatory-like attacks upon both insect and artificial prey. Coordinated control of cervical and mandibular musculatures, which is necessary for accurately positioning lethal bites on prey, was mediated by a central amygdala projection to the reticular formation in the brainstem. In contrast, prey pursuit was mediated by projections to the midbrain periaqueductal gray matter. Targeted lesions to these two pathways separately disrupted biting attacks upon prey versus the initiation of prey pursuit. Our findings delineate a neural network that integrates distinct behavioral modules and suggest that central amygdala neurons instruct predatory hunting across jawed vertebrates.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Central Amygdaloid Nucleus; Electromyography; Interneurons; Mandible; Mice; Neck; Neurons; Periaqueductal Gray; Predatory Behavior
PubMed: 28086095
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.027 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2022The cranial vertical angle (CVA) and cranial rotation angle (CRA) are used in clinical settings because they can be measured on lateral photographs of the head and neck....
The cranial vertical angle (CVA) and cranial rotation angle (CRA) are used in clinical settings because they can be measured on lateral photographs of the head and neck. We aimed to clarify the relationship between CVA and CRA photographic measurements and radiographic cervical spine alignment. Twenty-six healthy volunteers were recruited for this study. Lateral photographs and cervical spine radiographs were obtained in the sitting position. The CVA and CRA were measured using lateral photographs of the head and neck. The C2-7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), cervical lordosis (C2-7), and occipito-C2 lordosis (O-C2) were measured using radiographic imaging as a standard method of evaluating cervical spine alignment. Correlations between the CVA and CRA on photographs and cervical spine alignment on radiographs were analyzed. The CVA and SVA were significantly negatively correlated (ρ = −0.51; p < 0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between CVA and C2-7 (ρ = 0.59; p < 0.01) and between CRA and O-C2 (ρ = 0.65; p < 0.01). Evaluating the CVA and CRA on photographs may be useful for ascertaining head and neck alignment in the mid-lower and upper parts of the sagittal plane.
Topics: Cervical Vertebrae; Humans; Lordosis; Neck; Radiography; Skull
PubMed: 35627816
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106278 -
Korean Journal of Radiology 2017The neck has intricately connected neural structures, including cervical and brachial plexi, the sympathetic system, lower cranial nerves, and their branches. Except for... (Review)
Review
The neck has intricately connected neural structures, including cervical and brachial plexi, the sympathetic system, lower cranial nerves, and their branches. Except for brachial plexus, there has been little research regarding the normal imaging appearance or corresponding pathologies of neural structures in the neck. The development in imaging techniques with better spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio has made it possible to see many tiny nerves to predict complications related to image-guided procedures and to better assess treatment response, especially in the management of oncology patients. The purposes of this review is to present imaging-based anatomy of major nerves in the neck and explain their relevant clinical significance according to representative pathologies of regarded nerves in the neck.
Topics: Brachial Plexus; Cervical Plexus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neck; Signal-To-Noise Ratio; Vagus Nerve
PubMed: 28096728
DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2017.18.1.180 -
American Family Physician Sep 2002Family physicians frequently encounter neck masses in adult patients. A careful medical history should be obtained, and a thorough physical examination should be... (Review)
Review
Family physicians frequently encounter neck masses in adult patients. A careful medical history should be obtained, and a thorough physical examination should be performed. The patient's age and the location, size, and duration of the mass are important pieces of information. Inflammatory and infectious causes of neck masses, such as cervical adenitis and cat-scratch disease, are common in young adults. Congenital masses, such as branchial anomalies and thyroglossal duct cysts, must be considered in the differential diagnosis. Neoplasms (benign and malignant) are more likely to be present in older adults. Fine-needle aspiration and biopsy and contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scanning are the best techniques for evaluating these masses. An otolaryngology consultation for endoscopy and possible excisional biopsy should be obtained when a neck mass persists beyond four to six weeks after a single course of a broad-spectrum antibiotic.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Congenital Abnormalities; Diagnosis, Differential; Family Practice; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Lymphatic Diseases; Neck
PubMed: 12322776
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Jan 2020The superficial musculoaponeurotic system connects the mimic muscles to the skin, allowing mimic expressions with regional morphological architectural differences. The...
OBJECTIVE
The superficial musculoaponeurotic system connects the mimic muscles to the skin, allowing mimic expressions with regional morphological architectural differences. The aim of this study was to perform an architectural analysis of the cervical platysma-skin interaction, determine the morphological implications in platysmal band development and compare the findings to the facial SMAS architectural types.
METHOD
Full-thickness blocks of skin, SMAS and platysma from seven hemifaces (three male and two female) and full-thickness blocks of skin, SMAS and mimic muscles of the periorbital, perioral, forehead and midfacial regions from six hemifaces (three male and three female) of donor bodies were collected postmortem. Serial histological sections were cut and stained with Azan. After the morphological analysis, three-dimensional reconstruction of the tissue block was performed with AutoCAD. The morphological and mechanical properties of the different facial SMAS types were compared with those of the cervical SMAS.
RESULTS
The architecture of the cervical SMAS (type V) consists of parallel, aligned septum fibrosus profundus and septum fibrosus superficialis tissue connected by vertical, aligned septa fibrotica commisurales tissue delimiting fatty tissue compartments transferring platysmal contractions to the skin. The facial morphological dynamic mimic pattern (SMAS types I, II and III) describes the point-by-point transfer of mimic muscle bundle contractions to the skin, explaining facial crease formation. The cervical morphological dynamic mimic pattern (SMAS type V) can be explained by dual traction force collimation over the septum fibrosus superficialis and profundus in platysmal band development.
CONCLUSIONS
The cervical SMAS (type V) description supports the hypothesis that the SMAS and platysma have different morphological origins. The two different facial and cervical morphological dynamic mimic patterns support the phenotypical difference between facial fold and platysmal band development.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cadaver; Eyelids; Face; Female; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Lip; Male; Middle Aged; Neck; Paraffin Embedding; Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System
PubMed: 31499169
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2019.151414 -
BMC Cancer Jan 2023Cervical cancer is currently estimated to be the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in some of the world's...
BACKGROUND
Cervical cancer is currently estimated to be the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in some of the world's poorest countries. C/EBPβ has tumor suppressor effects because it is necessary for oncogene-induced senescence. However, C/EBPβ also has an oncogenic role. The specific role of C/EBPβ in cervical cancer as a tumor suppressor or oncoprotein is unclear.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the role of the C/EBPβ protein in cervical tumorigenesis and progression.
METHODS
Quantitative RT-PCR was used to analyze C/EBPβ (15 cervical cancer tissue samples and 15 corresponding normal cervical tissue samples), miR-661, and MTA1 mRNA expression in clinical samples (10 cervical cancer tissue samples and 10 corresponding normal cervical tissue samples). Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze C/EBPβ (381 clinical samples), Ki67 (80 clinical samples) and PCNA ( 60 clinical samples) protein expression. MALDI-TOF MassARRAY was used to analyze C/EBPβ gene methylation (13 cervical cancer tissues and 13 corresponding normal cervical tissues). Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 in cervical cancer cell lines. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect C/EBPβ protein expression levels, and mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Flow cytometry was performed to measure cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis. Colony formation, Transwell, cell invasion, and wound healing assays were performed to detect cell migration and invasion.
RESULTS
C/EBPβ protein expression was significantly reduced in cervical cancer tissues compared with cervicitis tissues (P < 0.01). Ki67 protein and PCNA protein expression levels were significantly higher in cervical cancer tissues compared with cervicitis tissues. The rate of C/EBPβ gene promoter methylation of CpG12, 13, 14 and CpG19 in cervical cancer tissues was significantly increased compared with normal cervical tissue (P < 0.05). In addition, C/EBPβ was overexpressed in cervical cancer cells and this overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, arrested cells in S phase, and promoted apoptosis.
CONCLUSIONS
We have demonstrated that C/EBPβ decreased in cervical cancer tissues and overexpression of the C/EBPβ gene in cervical cancer cells could inhibit proliferation, invasion and migration.
Topics: Female; Humans; Carcinogenesis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Ki-67 Antigen; MicroRNAs; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Repressor Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Trans-Activators; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Cervicitis
PubMed: 36694148
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10543-9