-
The Journal of Nutrition Nov 2015Dietary guidelines generally recommend increasing fish intake and reducing red meat intake for better long-term health. Few studies have compared the metabolic... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Herring and Beef Meals Lead to Differences in Plasma 2-Aminoadipic Acid, β-Alanine, 4-Hydroxyproline, Cetoleic Acid, and Docosahexaenoic Acid Concentrations in Overweight Men.
BACKGROUND
Dietary guidelines generally recommend increasing fish intake and reducing red meat intake for better long-term health. Few studies have compared the metabolic differences between eating meat and fish.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the postprandial plasma metabolic response to meals containing baked beef, baked herring, and pickled herring.
METHODS
Seventeen overweight men (BMI 25-30 kg/m(2), 41-67 y of age) were included in a randomized crossover intervention study. Subjects ate baked herring-, pickled herring-, and baked beef-based meals in a randomized order and postprandial blood plasma samples were taken over 7 h. Plasma metabolomics were measured with the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and areas under the curve for detected metabolites were compared between meals.
RESULTS
The plasma postprandial response of 2-aminoadipic acid, a suggested marker of diabetes risk, was 1.6 times higher after the beef meal than after the baked herring meal (P < 0.001). Plasma β-alanine and 4-hydroxyproline both were markedly greater after beef intake than after herring intake (16 and 3.4 times the response of baked herring, respectively; P < 0.001). Herring intake led to a greater plasma postprandial response from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and cetoleic acid compared with beef (17.6 and 150 times greater, respectively; P < 0.001), whereas hippuric acid and benzoic acid were elevated after pickled herring compared with baked herring (5.4 and 43 times higher; P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
These results in overweight men confirm that DHA and cetoleic acid reflect herring intake, whereas β-alanine and 4-hydroxyproline are potential biomarkers for beef intake. The greater postprandial rise in 2-aminoadipic acid after the beef meal, coupled to its proposed role in stimulating insulin secretion, may have importance in the context of red meat intake and increased diabetes risk. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02381613.
Topics: 2-Aminoadipic Acid; Adult; Aged; Animals; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Cattle; Cross-Over Studies; Diet; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Erucic Acids; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Male; Meals; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Overweight; Postprandial Period; Red Meat; Seafood; beta-Alanine
PubMed: 26400963
DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.214262 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2020The projected increase in global population will demand a major increase in global food production. There is a need for more biomass from the ocean as future food and...
The projected increase in global population will demand a major increase in global food production. There is a need for more biomass from the ocean as future food and feed, preferentially from lower trophic levels. In this study, we estimated the mesopelagic biomass in three Norwegian fjords. We analyzed the nutrient composition in six of the most abundant mesopelagic species and evaluated their potential contribution to food and feed security. The six species make up a large part of the mesopelagic biomass in deep Norwegian fjords. Several of the analyzed mesopelagic species, especially the fish species and , were nutrient dense, containing a high level of vitamin A1, calcium, selenium, iodine, eicopentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and cetoleic acid. We were able to show that mesopelagic species, whose genus or family are found to be widespread and numerous around the globe, are nutrient dense sources of micronutrients and marine-based ingredients and may contribute significantly to global food and feed security.
PubMed: 32188085
DOI: 10.3390/foods9030344 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Feb 2024Hypercholesterolaemia is a major risk factor for CVD. Fish intake is associated with lower risk of CVD, whereas supplementation with -3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) has... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Effects of diets containing fish oils or fish oil concentrates with high cetoleic acid content on the circulating cholesterol concentration in rodents. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Hypercholesterolaemia is a major risk factor for CVD. Fish intake is associated with lower risk of CVD, whereas supplementation with -3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) has little effect on the cholesterol concentration. We therefore investigated if cetoleic acid (CA), a long-chain MUFA (LC-MUFA) found especially in pelagic fish species, could lower the circulating total cholesterol (TC) concentration in rodents. A systematic literature search was performed using the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, structured around the population (rodents), intervention (CA-rich fish oils or concentrates), comparator (diets not containing CA) and the primary outcome (circulating TC). Articles were assessed for risk of bias using the SYRCLE's tool. A meta-analysis was conducted in Review Manager v. 5.4.1 (the Cochrane Collaboration) to determine the effectiveness of consuming diets containing CA-rich fish oils or concentrates on the circulating TC concentration. Twelve articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, with data from 288 rodents. Consumption of CA-rich fish oils and concentrates resulted in a significantly lower circulating TC concentration relative to comparator groups (mean difference -0·65 mmol/l, 95 % CI (-0·93, -0·37), < 0·00001), with high statistical heterogeneity ( = 87 %). The risk of bias is unclear since few of the entries in the SYRCLE's tool were addressed. To conclude, intake of CA-rich fish oils and concentrates prevents high cholesterol concentration in rodents and should be further investigated as functional dietary ingredients or supplements to reduce the risk for developing CVD in humans.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Diet; Erucic Acids; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fish Oils; Rodentia
PubMed: 37737066
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114523002118 -
Nutrients May 2023Plant-based food provides more ALA (α-linolenic acid) and less EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexanoic acid) than marine food. Earlier studies indicate that...
Plant-based food provides more ALA (α-linolenic acid) and less EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexanoic acid) than marine food. Earlier studies indicate that cetoleic acid (22:1-11) stimulates the -3 pathway from ALA to EPA and DHA. The present study aimed to investigate the dietary effects of camelina oil (CA) high in ALA and sandeel oil (SA) high in cetoleic acid on the conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA. Male Zucker fa/fa rats were fed a diet of soybean oil (Ctrl) or diets of CA, SA, or a combination of CA and SA. Significantly higher levels of DPA (docosapentaenoic acid) and DHA in blood cells from the CA group compared to the Ctrl indicate an active conversion of ALA to DPA and DHA. Increasing the uptake and deposition of EPA and DHA meant that a trend towards a decrease in the liver gene expression of , , and along with an increase in the dietary content of SA was observed. However, 25% of the SA could be exchanged with CA without having a significant effect on EPA, DPA, or DHA in blood cells, indicating that bioactive components in SA, such as cetoleic acid, might counteract the inhibiting effect of the high dietary content of DHA on the -3 biosynthetic pathway.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Rats, Zucker; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Diet; Liver; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 37242227
DOI: 10.3390/nu15102344 -
Translational Research : the Journal of... Nov 2021Fish oil-derived long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFAs) with a carbon chain length longer than 18 units ameliorate cardiovascular risk in mice. In this study,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Fish oil-derived long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFAs) with a carbon chain length longer than 18 units ameliorate cardiovascular risk in mice. In this study, we investigated whether LCMUFAs could improve endothelial functions in mice and humans. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multi-center study, healthy subjects were randomly assigned to either an LCMUFA oil (saury oil) or a control oil (olive and tuna oils) group. Sixty subjects were enrolled and administrated each oil for 4 weeks. For the animal study, ApoE mice were fed a Western diet supplemented with 3% of either gadoleic acid (C20:1) or cetoleic acid (C22:1) for 12 weeks. Participants from the LCMUFA group showed improvements in endothelial function and a lower trimethylamine-N-oxide level, which is a predictor of coronary artery disease. C20:1 and C22:1 oils significantly improved atherosclerotic lesions and plasma levels of several inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α. These beneficial effects were consistent with an improvement in the gut microbiota environment, as evident from the decreased ratio of Firmicutes and/ or Bacteroidetes, increase in the abundance of Akkermansia, and upregulation of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) expression and serum GLP-1 level. These data suggest that LCMUFAs alter the microbiota environment that stimulate the production of SCFAs, resulting in the induction of GLP-1 secretion. Fish oil-derived long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids might thus help to protect against cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Butter; Dietary Fats; Double-Blind Method; Endothelium, Vascular; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Female; Fish Oils; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Lipids; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout, ApoE; Olive Oil; Young Adult
PubMed: 33775867
DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.03.016 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2020Phospholipids (PL) are essential molecules for larval growth and development. In this study, growth, lipid metabolism and gene expression responses associated with...
Phospholipids (PL) are essential molecules for larval growth and development. In this study, growth, lipid metabolism and gene expression responses associated with different dietary PL levels in pelagic sole larvae were evaluated. In a first trial, the long-term effects on growth and survival of two experimental microdiets (MD) containing high (High-PL) or low (Low-PL) PL levels were tested and compared to a diet based on live prey (rotifers). The MD were supplied from 3 to 10 days post-hatch (dph) and from day 8 to 29 dph. High-PL fed larvae had higher dry mass (1.2-fold) than Low-PL fed larvae at 8 dph and both MD were smaller (2.9-fold) than larvae fed live preys. However, a compensatory growth (33% between 8 and 20 dph) occurred when MD were substituted by and by the end of the trial no significant differences in mass or survival occurred between the dietary treatments. In a second trial, growth, lipid metabolism and gene expression profiles of larvae fed with MD up to 8 dph were analyzed. Growth data confirmed that mass of larvae fed with High-PL was higher (1.3-fold) than the those fed Low-PL and they had lower levels of triacylglycerol (2.8-fold), cholesterol (1.2-fold) and cetoleic acid (1.7-fold). Histological analysis indicated an excess of lipid vacuoles in larvae fed with Low-PL and the expression analysis revealed a coordinated response to enhance lipid mobilization since the expression of genes involved in PL intermediate synthesis, PL remodeling as well as eight apolipoprotein was up-regulated. The down-regulation of apolipoprotein in larvae fed with Low-PL indicated a specific regulation by PL levels. The present work provides insight into the responses associated with dietary PL in early fish larvae, which will be of use for future studies aimed as designing effective larval sole diets.
PubMed: 33123028
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.572545 -
The American Journal of Pathology Mar 1978Cynomolgi (Macaca fascicularis) were fed diets containing 25% rapeseed oil (RSO), partially hydrogenated herring oil (PHHO), or a 3:1 mixture of lard and corn oil as... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Cynomolgi (Macaca fascicularis) were fed diets containing 25% rapeseed oil (RSO), partially hydrogenated herring oil (PHHO), or a 3:1 mixture of lard and corn oil as control for 4 months. The RSO contained approximately 25% of the fatty acids as erucic acid; the PHHO contained a similar concentration of mainly cetoleic acid. The control diet did not include such fatty acids. At the time of necropsy, the RSO- and PHHO-fed monkeys showed myocardial and skeletal muscle lipidosis. Foci of mononuclear cell infiltration, although infrequent, occurred in all three groups and were thought to be nonspecific. The only significant intergroup difference in serum biochemical or hematologic parameters was an increase in serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity in both RSO and PHHO groups. Ultrastructural studies confirmed the presence of lipidosis in cardiac and skeletal muscle and revealed mild mitochondrial degeneration, causing a depression of the P/O ratio of the RSO group and a State III respiratory rate depression of the PHHO group. The difference in the exposure/life span ratio represented by this experiment may account for the absence of clear intergroup differences such as are reported in rats used in similar studies, but a true species difference in regard to dietary oils containing docosenoic acids has to be considered as well.
Topics: Animals; Dietary Fats; Erucic Acids; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Female; Haplorhini; Heart; Heart Diseases; Lipidoses; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Muscles; Muscular Diseases; Myocardium
PubMed: 415615
DOI: No ID Found