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Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2021Copper is an important element essential for metabolism and normal human body function. Although it is an essential element, related imbalance leads to toxic effects.... (Review)
Review
Copper is an important element essential for metabolism and normal human body function. Although it is an essential element, related imbalance leads to toxic effects. Studies have proved that there is an increase in copper level in cancer cells. Evidences suggest the link between increase in copper levels and progression of various types of cancers. Different strategies have been utilized to decrease the level of copper in various types of cancer cells. However, it was observed that cell machinery involved in copper homeostasis plays critical factor in lowering copper levels in cancer cells. The outcomes of many monotherapies consisting copper-lowering agents for the treatment of different types of cancers showed that the inhibition of single factor is not sufficient to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. The combination of copper-lowering agent with chemotherapeutic agent showed synergistic effect. Interestingly, the presence of copper-lowering agent in such combinations significantly improved the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agent. The present work has focused on the discussion of outcomes of studies involving anti-copper agent and chemotherapeutic agent and related future strategies.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Chelating Agents; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Copper; Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 34169907
DOI: 10.4103/ijp.IJP_68_20 -
Journal of Oleo Science 2022Since many of the current chemicals used to remove iron rust are hazardous to the environment and human health, the combined use of a reducing agent and a biodegradable...
Since many of the current chemicals used to remove iron rust are hazardous to the environment and human health, the combined use of a reducing agent and a biodegradable chelating agent has been suggested as an environmental friendly and highly safe alternative. In the present work, the compatibility of the newly devised cleaning test with a model iron rust stain was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the cleaning efficiency of the method was evaluated by X-ray fluorescence. The cleaning mechanism and the synergistic effect of the reducing agent and the chelating agent was investigated using the phenanthroline absorption measurement method, and the results revealed that the reduced iron ions were dissolved by the chelating agent. The cleaning test proved that tetrasodium 3-hydroxy-2,2'-iminodisuccinate (HIDS) is a promising biodegradable chelating agent as an alternative to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for removing iron rust. It was also confirmed that the type of reducing agent used determines the pH at which detergency is enhanced. The detergency of the combination of the reducing agent and the biodegradable chelating agent was equal to or higher than the detergency of the acid agent, and thus, it was concluded that the proposed method has a great potential for commercial use.
Topics: Chelating Agents; Humans; Iron; Reducing Agents
PubMed: 35370212
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21297 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Feb 2018Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), consisting of glyphosate and formulants, are the most frequently applied herbicides worldwide. The declared active ingredient... (Review)
Review
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), consisting of glyphosate and formulants, are the most frequently applied herbicides worldwide. The declared active ingredient glyphosate does not only inhibit the EPSPS but is also a chelating agent that binds macro- and micronutrients, essential for many plant processes and pathogen resistance. GBH treatment may thus impede uptake and availability of macro- and micronutrients in plants. The present study investigated whether this characteristic of glyphosate could contribute to adverse effects of GBH application in the environment and to human health. According to the results, it has not been fully elucidated whether the chelating activity of glyphosate contributes to the toxic effects on plants and potentially on plant-microorganism interactions, e.g., nitrogen fixation of leguminous plants. It is also still open whether the chelating property of glyphosate is involved in the toxic effects on organisms other than plants, described in many papers. By changing the availability of essential as well as toxic metals that are bound to soil particles, the herbicide might also impact soil life, although the occurrence of natural chelators with considerably higher chelating potentials makes an additional impact of glyphosate for most metals less likely. Further research should elucidate the role of glyphosate (and GBH) as a chelator, in particular, as this is a non-specific property potentially affecting many organisms and processes. In the process of reevaluation of glyphosate its chelating activity has hardly been discussed.
Topics: Chelating Agents; Ecosystem; Glycine; Herbicides; Plants; Risk Assessment; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Glyphosate
PubMed: 29294235
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1080-1 -
Journal of Oleo Science Dec 2021We report on the synergic effect of surfactants and chelating agents on the mechanism to remove stubborn keratin grime (keratin-Ca), which is bound with calcium ions and...
We report on the synergic effect of surfactants and chelating agents on the mechanism to remove stubborn keratin grime (keratin-Ca), which is bound with calcium ions and one of the most difficult grimes to remove, in order to make it easier to clean bathtubs in less time and with less scrubbing. Our approach was to focus on keratin swelling, which we achieved by applying aqueous solutions with chelating agents and anionic surfactants, the combination of which greatly improved the swelling ratio, resulting in quick, easy removal of keratin-Ca with water rinsing and little scrubbing. For the swelling process, we added chelating agents and anionic surfactants to swell the keratin-Ca by both capturing calcium ions and improving solution permeation. Furthermore, we measured the structural change of the keratin-Ca during swelling by TD-NMR and confirmed that a certain combination of chelating agent and anionic surfactant improved swelling by affecting not only the amorphous part such as the keratin matrix, but also the crystalline part such as the intermediate filaments (IFs).
Topics: Calcium; Chelating Agents; Detergents; Drug Synergism; Keratins; Solutions; Surface-Active Agents; Water; Wettability
PubMed: 34759116
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21239 -
Marine Drugs Aug 2022Alginate is a natural marine biopolymer that has been widely used in biomedical applications, but research on its use as an endodontic material is still sparse in the... (Review)
Review
Alginate is a natural marine biopolymer that has been widely used in biomedical applications, but research on its use as an endodontic material is still sparse in the literature. This pioneer review aims to summarize the emerging roles of alginate and to outline its prospective applications as a core biomaterial in endodontics. Ten electronic databases and five textbooks were used to perform a search of English-language literature on the use of alginate in endodontics published between January 1980 and June 2022. The risk of bias (RoB) of each included study was assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) tool. Subsequently, studies were categorized into three tiers to represent the overall risk. Qualitative analysis was performed, and the articles were sorted into different thematic categories. An initial search yielded a total of 1491 articles, but only 13 articles were chosen. For most domains, all the studies were rated with 'probably low' or 'definitely low' RoB, except for domains 2 and 6. All included studies fall in the Tier 1 category and were either in vitro, in vivo, or ex vivo. Four thematic categories were identified: endodontic regeneration, intracanal medicament, filing material, and chelating agent. Based on the available evidence, alginate has emerged as a cell carrier and scaffold in regenerative endodontics, a microcapsule delivery system for intracanal medicaments, a chelating agent reinforcing material, and a root canal sealer. More well-designed experiments and clinical trials are needed to warrant the promising advent of this hydrogel-based biomaterial.
Topics: Alginates; Biocompatible Materials; Biopolymers; Chelating Agents; Endodontics
PubMed: 36005542
DOI: 10.3390/md20080539 -
Australian Dental Journal Jun 2018To evaluate the effect of distilled water, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), phosphoric acid and maleic acid on Biodentine regarding surface topography,...
BACKGROUND
To evaluate the effect of distilled water, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), phosphoric acid and maleic acid on Biodentine regarding surface topography, microhardness and push-out bond strength (POBS).
METHODS
Fifty-two cylindrical shaped Biodentine specimens were divided into groups: control (distilled water); EDTA (17% EDTA); PA (37% phosphoric acid); and MA (7% maleic acid). Surfaces were evaluated by topographic analysis and Vickers microhardness test. Topographic changes were evaluated qualitatively and microhardness was statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Forty mandibular molars were used to simulate clinical conditions. The crowns were removed and a perforation was created at the furcal floor. The Biodentine was packed into the root perforations and the roots were divided into four groups (DW, EDTA, PA, MA). Samples were stored and subjected to interfacial analysis. POBS data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests.
RESULTS
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, MA and PA changed the morphology of the Biodentine surface. PA showed microhardness similar to distilled water (P > 0.05), while MA and EDTA demonstrated reduced values when compared with PA (P < 0.05). PA improved the POBS of Biodentine in comparison with the control.
CONCLUSIONS
Changes in the topography, microhardness and POBS of Biodentine are associated with irrigant agent used.
Topics: Calcium Compounds; Chelating Agents; Crowns; Dental Stress Analysis; Dentin; Edetic Acid; Hardness; Humans; Maleates; Materials Testing; Phosphoric Acids; Silicates
PubMed: 29573422
DOI: 10.1111/adj.12609 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2010Chelation therapy is the preferred medical treatment for reducing the toxic effects of metals. Chelating agents are capable of binding to toxic metal ions to form... (Review)
Review
Chelation therapy is the preferred medical treatment for reducing the toxic effects of metals. Chelating agents are capable of binding to toxic metal ions to form complex structures which are easily excreted from the body removing them from intracellular or extracellular spaces. 2,3-Dimercaprol has long been the mainstay of chelation therapy for lead or arsenic poisoning, however its serious side effects have led researchers to develop less toxic analogues. Hydrophilic chelators like meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid effectively promote renal metal excretion, but their ability to access intracellular metals is weak. Newer strategies to address these drawbacks like combination therapy (use of structurally different chelating agents) or co-administration of antioxidants have been reported recently. In this review we provide an update of the existing chelating agents and the various strategies available for the treatment of heavy metals and metalloid intoxications.
Topics: Antioxidants; Chelating Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heavy Metal Poisoning; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Poisoning
PubMed: 20717537
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7072745 -
Chimia Sep 2022It will soon be twenty years since the last chelating agent was clinically approved to be used against toxic metals. Even though metal poisoning has been known to...
It will soon be twenty years since the last chelating agent was clinically approved to be used against toxic metals. Even though metal poisoning has been known to humankind for centuries, only about a dozen compounds, all of which are small molecules, compose the pharmaceutical toolbox to expel intrinsically toxic or essential but misregulated metals. These compounds widely suffer from various drawbacks, most critically, poor metal selectivity. Can medicinal inorganic chemistry offer modern solutions to these old challenges? In this perspective, the opportunities and advantages of harnessing short peptides for chelation therapy are described. While broadly aiming to address various toxic metals, achievements in targeting lead (Pb) with peptides reveal the unexplored potential hidden in this chemical space and raise the possibility that peptides may reform chelation therapy.
Topics: Humans; Chelation Therapy; Heavy Metal Poisoning; Metals; Chelating Agents; Peptides
PubMed: 38069701
DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2022.744 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2019The brain has a unique biological complexity and is responsible for important functions in the human body, such as the command of cognitive and motor functions.... (Review)
Review
The brain has a unique biological complexity and is responsible for important functions in the human body, such as the command of cognitive and motor functions. Disruptive disorders that affect this organ, e.g. neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), can lead to permanent damage, impairing the patients' quality of life and even causing death. In spite of their clinical diversity, these NDDs share common characteristics, such as the accumulation of specific proteins in the cells, the compromise of the metal ion homeostasis in the brain, among others. Despite considerable advances in understanding the mechanisms of these diseases and advances in the development of treatments, these disorders remain uncured. Considering the diversity of mechanisms that act in NDDs, a wide range of compounds have been developed to act by different means. Thus, promising compounds with contrasting properties, such as chelating agents and metal-based drugs have been proposed to act on different molecular targets as well as to contribute to the same goal, which is the treatment of NDDs. This review seeks to discuss the different roles and recent developments of metal-based drugs, such as metal complexes and metal chelating agents as a proposal for the treatment of NDDs.
Topics: Amyloid; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Chelating Agents; Drug Development; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Metals; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 31013856
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081829 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Nov 2020Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Retrospective clinical and animal studies have demonstrated neuroprotective...
BACKGROUND
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Retrospective clinical and animal studies have demonstrated neuroprotective effects of iron chelators in people with haemorrhagic or ischaemic stroke. This is the first update of the original Cochrane Review published in 2012.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of iron-chelating drugs in people with acute stroke.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (2 September 2019), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2019, Issue 9; 2 September 2019), MEDLINE Ovid (2 September 2019), Embase Ovid (2 September 2019), and Science Citation Index (2 September 2019). We also searched ongoing trials registers.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of iron chelators versus no iron chelators or placebo for the treatment of acute stroke, including subarachnoid haemorrhage.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently screened the search results. We obtained the full texts of potentially relevant studies and evaluated them for eligibility. We assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane 'Risk of bias' tool, and the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach.
MAIN RESULTS
Two RCTs (333 participants) were eligible for inclusion; both compared the iron-chelating agent deferoxamine against placebo. Both studies evaluated participants with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. We assessed one study to have a low risk of bias; the other study had potential sources of bias. The limited and heterogeneous data did not allow for meta-analysis of the outcome parameters. The evidence suggests that administration of deferoxamine may result in little to no difference in deaths (8% in placebo vs 8% in deferoxamine at 180 days; 1 RCT, 291 participants; low-certainty evidence). These RCTs suggest that there may be little to no difference in good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 2) between groups at 30, 90 and 180 days (placebo vs deferoxamine: 67% vs 57% at 30 days and 36% vs 45% at 180 days; 2 RCTs, 333 participants; low-certainty evidence). One RCT suggests that administration of deferoxamine may not increase the number of serious adverse events or deaths (placebo vs deferoxamine: 33% vs 27% at 180 days; risk ratio 0.81, 95 % confidence interval 0.57 to 1.16; 1 RCT, 291 participants; low-certainty evidence). No data were available on any deaths within the treatment period. Deferoxamine may result in little to no difference in the evolution of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores from baseline to 90 days (placebo vs deferoxamine: 13 to 4 vs 13 to 3; P = 0.37; 2 RCTs, 333 participants; low-certainty evidence). Deferoxamine may slightly reduce relative oedema surrounding intracerebral haemorrhage at 15 days (placebo vs deferoxamine: 1.91 vs 10.26; P = 0.042; 2 RCTs, 333 participants; low-certainty evidence). Neither study reported quality of life.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
We identified two eligible RCTs for assessment. We could not demonstrate any benefit for the use of iron chelators in spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. The added value of iron-chelating therapy in people with ischaemic stroke or subarachnoid haemorrhage remains unknown.
Topics: Acute Disease; Bias; Deferoxamine; Hemorrhagic Stroke; Humans; Iron Chelating Agents; Neuroprotective Agents; Placebos; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 33236783
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009280.pub3