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Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews.... Jan 2017This article reviews research on the development of motor behavior from a developmental systems perspective. We focus on infancy when basic action systems are acquired.... (Review)
Review
This article reviews research on the development of motor behavior from a developmental systems perspective. We focus on infancy when basic action systems are acquired. Posture provides a stable base for locomotion, manual actions, and facial actions. Experience facilitates improvements in motor behavior and infants accumulate immense amounts of experience with all of their basic action systems. At every point in development, perception guides motor behavior by providing feedback about the results of just prior movements and information about what to do next. Reciprocally, the development of motor behavior provides fodder for perception. More generally, motor development brings about new opportunities for acquiring knowledge about the world, and burgeoning motor skills can instigate cascades of developmental changes in perceptual, cognitive, and social domains. WIREs Cogn Sci 2017, 8:e1430. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1430 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Topics: Child; Child Development; Humans; Locomotion; Motor Activity; Postural Balance; Psychology, Child; Psychomotor Performance; Reflex; Tool Use Behavior
PubMed: 27906517
DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1430 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Dec 2018Play is of vital importance for the healthy development of children. From a developmental perspective, play offers ample physical, emotional, cognitive, and social... (Review)
Review
Play is of vital importance for the healthy development of children. From a developmental perspective, play offers ample physical, emotional, cognitive, and social benefits. It allows children and adolescents to develop motor skills, experiment with their (social) behavioural repertoire, simulate alternative scenarios, and address the various positive and negative consequences of their behaviour in a safe and engaging context. Children with a chronic or life-threatening disease may face obstacles that negatively impact play and play development, possibly impeding developmental milestones, beyond the actual illness itself. Currently, there is limited understanding of the impact of (1) aberrant or suppressed play and (2) play-related interventions on the development of chronic diseased children. We argue that stimulating play behaviour enhances the adaptability of a child to a (chronic) stressful condition and promotes cognitive, social, emotional and psychomotor functioning, thereby strengthening the basis for their future health. Systematic play research will help to develop interventions for young patients, to better cope with the negative consequences of their illness and stimulate healthy development.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Child; Child Development; Chronic Disease; Humans; Play and Playthings; Psychology, Child
PubMed: 30273634
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.024 -
Journal of Child Psychology and... Oct 2021Empirical science is a fact-finding enterprise. This raises the question when we know enough about a particular topic to draw firm conclusions and can stop searching for...
Empirical science is a fact-finding enterprise. This raises the question when we know enough about a particular topic to draw firm conclusions and can stop searching for additional evidence in order to save efforts for issues that are less well-established. Clarity on when scientific evidence has passed the stage of to-be-tested hypotheses is important, and setting up criteria for such stopping rules is a necessary as well as thought-provoking challenge. Not only over-investigating phenomena is undesirable but the opposite, falsely assuming beliefs to be facts, as well. Two common reasons for such misperceptions are that negative news is more likely to spread around than positive news (negativity instinct), and that individuals tend to look at problems from always the same perspective (single-perspective instinct). Our field is not immune to those instincts: child psychologists and psychiatrists tend to focus on messages suggesting that the burden of children´s mental health problems calls for more intervention and research, rather than on reports that the majority of children are doing quite well. This focus on problems may obscure the reality that the vast majority of children and adolescents never experience severe mental health problems, despite the challenges of growing up in a complex world.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Psychiatry; Psychology, Child
PubMed: 34585383
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13515 -
Pediatric Clinics of North America Oct 2022
Topics: Child; Humans; Psychology, Child; Specialization
PubMed: 36207109
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.08.005 -
Pediatrics Nov 2017Virtual reality (VR) technologies allow for controlled simulations of affectively engaging background narratives. These virtual environments offer promise for enhancing... (Review)
Review
Virtual reality (VR) technologies allow for controlled simulations of affectively engaging background narratives. These virtual environments offer promise for enhancing emotionally relevant experiences and social interactions. Within this context, VR can allow instructors, therapists, neuropsychologists, and service providers to offer safe, repeatable, and diversifiable interventions that can benefit assessments and learning in both typically developing children and children with disabilities. Research has also pointed to VR's capacity to reduce children's experience of aversive stimuli and reduce anxiety levels. Although there are a number of purported advantages of VR technologies, challenges have emerged. One challenge for this field of study is the lack of consensus on how to do trials. A related issue is the need for establishing the psychometric properties of VR assessments and interventions. This review investigates the advantages and challenges inherent in the application of VR technologies to pediatric assessments and interventions.
Topics: Computer Simulation; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Pediatrics; Psychology, Child; User-Computer Interface; Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
PubMed: 29093039
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-1758I -
Journal of Child Psychology and... Mar 2020Enhancements in mobile phone technology allow the study of children and adolescents' everyday lives like never before. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) uses these... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Enhancements in mobile phone technology allow the study of children and adolescents' everyday lives like never before. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) uses these advancements to allow in-depth measurements of links between context, behavior, and physiology in youths' everyday lives.
FINDINGS
A large and diverse literature now exists on using EMA to study mental and behavioral health among youth. Modern EMA methods are built on a rich tradition of idiographic inquiry focused on the intensive study of individuals. Studies of child and adolescent mental and behavioral health have used EMA to characterize lived experience, document naturalistic within-person processes and individual differences in these processes, measure familiar constructs in novel ways, and examine temporal order and dynamics in youths' everyday lives.
CONCLUSIONS
Ecological momentary assessment is feasible and reliable for studying the daily lives of youth. EMA can inform the development and augmentation of traditional and momentary intervention. Continued research and technological development in mobile intervention design and implementation, EMA-sensor integration, and complex real-time data analysis are needed to realize the potential of just-in-time adaptive intervention, which may allow researchers to reach high-risk youth with intervention content when and where it is needed most.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Psychiatry; Behavioral Symptoms; Child; Child Psychiatry; Ecological Momentary Assessment; Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychology, Child
PubMed: 31997358
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13204 -
Cognition Jun 2023Human infants are fascinated by other people. They bring to this fascination a constellation of rich and flexible expectations about the intentions motivating people's...
Human infants are fascinated by other people. They bring to this fascination a constellation of rich and flexible expectations about the intentions motivating people's actions. Here we test 11-month-old infants and state-of-the-art learning-driven neural-network models on the "Baby Intuitions Benchmark (BIB)," a suite of tasks challenging both infants and machines to make high-level predictions about the underlying causes of agents' actions. Infants expected agents' actions to be directed towards objects, not locations, and infants demonstrated default expectations about agents' rationally efficient actions towards goals. The neural-network models failed to capture infants' knowledge. Our work provides a comprehensive framework in which to characterize infants' commonsense psychology and takes the first step in testing whether human knowledge and human-like artificial intelligence can be built from the foundations cognitive and developmental theories postulate.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Artificial Intelligence; Intention; Learning; Psychology, Child
PubMed: 36801603
DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105406 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Feb 2019Sex differences in attachment styles have been found in adulthood, emerge as early as middle childhood, and can be sizable when described at the appropriate level of... (Review)
Review
Sex differences in attachment styles have been found in adulthood, emerge as early as middle childhood, and can be sizable when described at the appropriate level of analysis. However, they have received relatively little attention in mainstream attachment research. Here I review the evidence of sex differences in attachment, including what is currently known about developmental patterns and cross-cultural variation. I summarize existing evolutionary models of sex differences, and discuss evidence for a role of prenatal and postnatal sex hormones. I highlight current theoretical and empirical gaps in the literature, and call for more integrative research on this fascinating topic.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Female; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Infant; Male; Object Attachment; Psychology, Adolescent; Psychology, Child; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 29486254
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.02.004 -
Journal of Child Psychology and... Sep 2023Commercial applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Generative AI have taken centre stage in the media sphere,...
Commercial applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Generative AI have taken centre stage in the media sphere, business, public policy, and education. The ramifications for the field of child psychology and psychiatry are being debated and veer between LLMs as potential models for development and applications of generative AI becoming environmental factors for human development. This Editorial briefly discusses developmental research on generative AI and the potential impact of generative AI on the hybrid social world in which young people grow up. We end by considering that the rapid developments justify increasing attention in our field.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Artificial Intelligence; Educational Status; Language; Psychiatry; Psychology, Child
PubMed: 37528517
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13860 -
California Medicine Feb 1962Too many physicians-and parents-hide behind the overworked excuse that "Johnny is just going through a stage." If the remark is inaccurate a great disservice can be done...
Too many physicians-and parents-hide behind the overworked excuse that "Johnny is just going through a stage." If the remark is inaccurate a great disservice can be done to both mother and child, and ultimately to society. The well oriented physician would no more permit a young mother to unwittingly feel "guilty" because her two-year-old "little stinker" behaves like a two-year-old little stinker than he would casually reassure when a ten-year-old behaves as though he were two. Actually much of the unpleasant behavior of children is quite normal. If physicians would help all young mothers to recognize this without dismissing abnormal behavior, it would do much to avert the overwhelming sense of inadequacy that so many modern young mothers feel-especially with their first baby. If they can be made comfortable with their first the others usually come easily. Many physicians who care for children are not trained in the rudiments of developmental behavior. By means of a simple outline and drawing of "the thorny child" even the least of the experts can better understand some of the chronologic variations in developmental behavior.
Topics: Child; Emotions; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Mental Disorders; Mothers; Parents; Psychology, Child; Psychotherapy, Group; Sensation
PubMed: 13885463
DOI: No ID Found