Randomized Controlled Trial

Authors: Kenneth Beer, Joely Kaufman-Janette, David Bank...

BACKGROUND

VYC-20L is a hyaluronic acid soft tissue filler with lidocaine designed to restore facial volume.

OBJECTIVE

Evaluate the safety and effectiveness of VYC-20L in patients with chin retrusion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Adults with chin retrusion were randomized (3:1) to receive VYC-20L in the chin at study onset (treatment group) or 6 months later (control group). The primary effectiveness end point was ≥1-point improvement on the Allergan Chin Retrusion Scale (ACRS) from baseline at Month 6. Safety assessments included injection site responses (ISRs) and adverse events (AEs).

RESULTS

VYC-20L was administered to 192 participants (treatment group, n = 144; control group, n = 48). At Month 6, significantly more participants had an ACRS response in the treatment versus control group (56.3% vs 27.5%; p = .0019). Effectiveness was also demonstrated by the proportion of participants with improved/much improved Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale scores and responses on the FACE-Q Satisfaction with Chin questionnaire and FACE-Q Psychological Wellbeing module. Treatment benefit remained evident at Month 12. Most common ISRs were tenderness (81.1%) and firmness (75.1%). One participant (0.5%) discontinued the study due to 2 treatment-related serious AEs of facial cellulitis and injection site inflammation, both resolved without sequelae.

CONCLUSION

VYC-20L significantly improved an ACRS response and was generally safe and well tolerated.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cellulitis; Chin; Cosmetic Techniques; Dermal Fillers; Esthetics; Female; Gels; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Injection Site Reaction; Male; Middle Aged; United States

PubMed: 33347003
DOI: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000002795

Randomized Controlled Trial

Authors: Keith Marcus, Amir Moradi, Joely Kaufman-Janette...

BACKGROUND

The chin is important for facial appearance, affecting overall balance and harmony of the face. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effectiveness of the hyaluronic acid filler Restylane Defyne for chin augmentation and correction of chin retrusion versus a no-treatment control.

METHODS

Male and female subjects, aged 22 years or older, with mild to moderate chin retrusion, were randomized 3:1 to the hyaluronic acid filler Restylane Defyne ( n = 107) or no treatment ( n = 33). Assessments included live, blinded evaluations on a validated chin retrusion scale (Galderma Chin Retrusion Scale), aesthetic improvement (Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale), subject-reported FACE-Q Satisfaction with Chin, and safety follow-up.

RESULTS

Galderma Chin Retrusion Scale responder rate (≥1 grade improvement) was higher for the hyaluronic acid filler Restylane Defyne (81 percent) than for control (6 percent) ( p < 0.001) at week 12, and remained higher at week 48 (74 percent versus 11 percent; p < 0.001). Aesthetic improvement rates were high throughout the study as reported by investigators (≥96 percent) and subjects (≥85 percent). Subject satisfaction was higher in the hyaluronic acid filler Restylane Defyne group than in the control group at week 12 ( p < 0.001). In the individual FACE-Q scale items, 87 to 98 percent of subjects were satisfied at week 12. Treatment-related adverse events were mild to moderate.

CONCLUSIONS

The hyaluronic acid filler Restylane Defyne was safe and effective for augmentation of the chin region to improve the chin profile and associated with high aesthetic improvement and subject satisfaction. Effectiveness was sustained throughout 48 weeks.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Therapeutic, II.

Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Dermal Fillers; Cosmetic Techniques; Skin Aging; Chin; Treatment Outcome; Patient Satisfaction

PubMed: 36126213
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000009733

Review

Authors: S Degala, A Choudhary

Genioplasty, a key technique for dentofacial abnormalities, is essential for establishing facial harmony. This surgical procedure entails an osteotomy of the chin, which alters its three-dimensional location to restore overall face equilibrium. Modern genioplasty, which is frequently performed alone or in combination with rhinoplasty, facelifts, and orthognathic surgery, employs a variety of materials for chin augmentation, ranging from autologous to alloplastic. Recent improvements include porous graft materials such as high-density polyethylene. Despite the need for secure osteotomy segments, soft tissues around the mandible have a natural propensity to return to their original anatomical position. In the discipline of genioplasty, face esthetics and facial evaluation have been a prominent emphasis, with historical evidence emphasizing the relevance of the chin in harmony, balance, and character perception. Customized implants provide a single therapy for rare anatomical defects, generally with lower morbidity, making them critical for patients undergoing many procedures or suffering from syndromic disorders. Virtual surgical planning advances will continue to give dependable solutions for small and complex chin position issues. Modern surgeons will continue to combine history, anatomy, rigorous evaluation, excellent execution, and technological breakthroughs to achieve the best possible outcomes for their patients, raising their social standing.

Topics: Humans; Genioplasty; Chin; Osteotomy; Prostheses and Implants; Esthetics

PubMed: 38943291
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_24_24

Authors: Fredrik Eika, Johanna Elisabeth Rykke Berstad

BACKGROUND

Numb chin syndrome describes sensory neuropathy characterised by numbness in the distribution of the terminal branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. This symptom may be overlooked by patients and clinicians due to its mild nature; however, it could represent a serious underlying pathology such as inflammatory conditions or malignancy.

CASE PRESENTATION

A man in his seventies presented with isolated numbness on the right side of the chin, and no other neurological or constitutional symptoms. Radiology showed a lytic mass in the right side of the mandible protruding through the mental foramen. A multidisciplinary approach revealed the cause of the patient's numb chin syndrome.

INTERPRETATION

This case report illustrates clinical considerations in a patient with numb chin syndrome.

Topics: Chin; Humans; Hypesthesia; Male; Neoplasms

PubMed: 35170922
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0160

Review

Authors: Yanning Ma, Zuolin Jin

Orthodontics is a discipline that is based on aesthetics. It coordinates the relationship among nose, lip, and chin through the movement of teeth and the adjustment of jaw relationship. Orthodontists need to fully analyze the patient's soft tissue profile before treatment. They also need to analyze the existing problems and those that may be solved or caused during orthodontics to guide the design of orthodontic treatment and effectively improve the clinical effect of orthodontics. This article reviews the aesthetic preconditions that guide the design of orthodontic treatment from the perspective of orthodontists.

Topics: Humans; Esthetics, Dental; Orthodontics; Orthodontists; Chin; Nose

PubMed: 38597026
DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2023.2023231

Authors: Tatiana Sella Tunis, Israel Hershkovitz, Hila May...

The chin is a unique anatomical landmark of modern humans. Its size and shape play an important role from the esthetic perspective. However, disagreement exists in the dental and anthropological literature regarding the sex differences in chin and symphysis morphometrics. The "sexual selection" theory is presented as a possible reason for chin formation in our species; however, many other contradictory theories also exist. This study's aims were therefore to determine how chin and symphysis size and shape vary with sex, and to discuss "sexual selection" theory as a reason for its formation. Head and neck computed tomography (CT) scans of 419 adults were utilized to measure chin and symphysis sizes and shapes. The chin and symphysis measures were compared between the sexes using an independent-samples -test, a Mann-Whitney test, and the F-statistic. The chin width was significantly greater in males than in females ( < 0.001), whereas the chin height, area, and size index were significantly greater in females ( < 0.001). Symphysis measures did not differ significantly between the sexes. Size accounted for 2-14% of the chin variance and between 24-33% of the symphysis variance. Overall, the chin was found to be a more heterogeneous anatomical structure than the symphysis, as well as more sexually dimorphic.

Topics: Adult; Chin; Female; Humans; Male; Mandible; Sex Characteristics; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PubMed: 32545912
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124249

Authors: Puneet Jain, Suvasini Sharma, Satinder Aneja...

Topics: Child, Preschool; Chin; Female; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Tremor

PubMed: 26388646
DOI: 10.1007/s13312-015-0706-y

Randomized Controlled Trial

Authors: Yun Xie, Hongyi Zhao, Wenyu Wu...

BACKGROUND

Aesthetic improvement of the chin is increasingly requested by patients, including those of Chinese origin.

METHODS

A randomized, evaluator-blinded, no-treatment controlled study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of a flexible hyaluronic acid (HA) filler, Restylane Defyne (HA), in the correction of chin retrusion in a Chinese adult population over 12 months after treatment. On Day 1, subjects were randomized 3:1 into two groups, HA or delayed-treatment controls, and those in the HA group were administered treatment. An optional touch-up treatment was administered 1 month after treatment to obtain optimal chin augmentation. The initially untreated control group was offered delayed-treatment after 6 months (including 1-month touch-up).

RESULTS

HA was superior to no-treatment in improving chin retrusion according to the blinded evaluator at 6 months [Galderma Chin Retrusion Scale (GCRS) responder rate (≥ 1-point improvement from baseline) of 81% vs. 5% for untreated controls; p < 0.001, meeting the primary effectiveness objective. A majority of subjects maintained improvement at 12 months (61% in the HA group). All subjects reported satisfaction with results at 6 months after treatment with HA and aesthetic improvement rates per the global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) were high for 12 months following treatment, with an acceptable safety profile.

CONCLUSIONS

These results demonstrated HA to be effective and safe for the correction of mild-to-moderate chin retrusion in Chinese subjects, confirming findings previously observed in a western population.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Topics: Adult; Humans; Chin; Cosmetic Techniques; Dermal Fillers; Hyaluronic Acid; Skin Aging; Treatment Outcome; East Asian People

PubMed: 38315229
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03812-2

Authors: Engin Selamioğlu, İsmail Küçüker

BACKGROUND

Facial balance significantly impacts aesthetics, particularly in the middle and lower thirds. Patients with chin retrusion often benefit from sagittal plane chin advancement in rhinoplasty, enhancing surgical outcomes and satisfaction.

OBJECTIVES

This article presents a method for analyzing chin deformities and discusses a hybrid treatment approach to harmonize facial features, complementing rhinoplasty.

METHODS

The chin positions of patients treated by the senior author were assessed. A retrospective analysis included 49 patients with chin retrusion of 2.5-6 mm. Among them, 22 patients initially offered chin implants declined, leading to planned chin augmentation. Fat grafting was exclusively performed for 20 patients lacking sufficient cartilage. The "Hybrid Chin Advancement" technique involved supporting tissues beneath muscles with nasal septum cartilage and fat injections and tissues above muscles with fat injection alone.

RESULTS

Pre- and postoperative Legan angle measurements and chin advancements were compared across three groups. While preoperative Legan angles were statistically similar, postoperative Legan angles and advancement changes were significantly higher in the implant group (p < 0.0001). Comparing hybrid chin advancement and fat grafting groups, postoperative Legan angles and advancement changes were significantly higher in the hybrid chin group (p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

Fat grafting suffices for mild advancements (~ 2 mm), while the hybrid chin method is effective for moderate advancements (~ 4 mm). For advancements exceeding 6 mm, implants or osseous genioplasty are optimal. Our study's hybrid approach offers an easy, safe, and reliable method for achieving facial harmony in the lower two-thirds without compromising patient expectations.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Topics: Humans; Rhinoplasty; Retrospective Studies; Female; Adult; Male; Chin; Adipose Tissue; Esthetics; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult; Cohort Studies; Patient Satisfaction; Cartilage; Genioplasty

PubMed: 38858246
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04137-4

Authors: Ja-Ho Leigh, Byung-Mo Oh, Han Gil Seo...

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of the chin-tuck maneuver on the movements of swallowing-related structures in healthy subjects and formulate standard instructions for the maneuver. A total of 40 healthy volunteers (20 men and 20 women) swallowed 10 mL of diluted barium solution in a "normal and comfortable" position (NEUT), a comfortable chin-down position (DOWN), and a strict chin-tuck position (TUCK). Resting state anatomy and kinematic changes were analyzed and compared between postures. Although angles of anterior cervical flexion were comparable between DOWN (46.65 ± 9.69 degrees) and TUCK (43.27 ± 12.20), the chin-to-spine distance was significantly shorter in TUCK than in other positions. Only TUCK showed a significantly shorter anteroposterior diameter of the laryngeal inlet (TUCK vs. NEUT, 14.0 ± 4.3 vs. 16.3 ± 5.0 mm) and the oropharynx (18.8 ± 3.1 vs. 20.5 ± 2.8 mm) at rest. The maximal horizontal displacement of the hyoid bone was significantly less in TUCK (9.6 ± 3.0 mm) than in NEUT (12.6 ± 2.6 mm; p < 0.01) or DOWN (12.1 ± 3.0 mm; p < 0.01). TUCK facilitated movement of the epiglottic base upward (TUCK vs. NEUT, 15.8 ± 4.7 vs. 13.3 ± 4.5 mm; p < 0.01). In contrast, DOWN increased the horizontal excursion of the epiglottic base and reduced movement of the vocal cords. These results quantitatively elucidated the biomechanical influences of the chin-tuck maneuver including reduced horizontal movement of the hyoid bone, facilitation of vertical movement of the epiglottic base, and narrowing of the airway entrance. Comparing DOWN and TUCK, only TUCK induced significant changes in the airway entrance, hyoid movement, and epiglottic base retraction.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomechanical Phenomena; Chin; Deglutition; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Hyoid Bone; Larynx; Male; Middle Aged

PubMed: 25358491
DOI: 10.1007/s00455-014-9580-3