-
Dental Clinics of North America Jan 2016Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) affect 5% to 12% of the United States population. This article discusses common conditions related to temporomandibular joints,... (Review)
Review
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) affect 5% to 12% of the United States population. This article discusses common conditions related to temporomandibular joints, including disc displacements, inflammatory disturbances, loose joint bodies, traumatic disturbances, and developmental conditions. Also addressed are the appropriate imaging modalities and diagnostic criteria for TMD.
Topics: Facial Pain; Humans; Joint Loose Bodies; Temporomandibular Joint; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 26614951
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2015.08.004 -
Annals of Translational Medicine Aug 2016Synovial chondrosarcoma (SCH) is a very rare tumor arising in the intra-articular cavity. In the majority of literature reports it is described as a malignant...
BACKGROUND
Synovial chondrosarcoma (SCH) is a very rare tumor arising in the intra-articular cavity. In the majority of literature reports it is described as a malignant transformation of a pre-existing synovial chondromatosis (SC). We reported a systematic review of primary and secondary SCH described in the literature with the aim to recollect data from different case-reports and case-series, trying to summarize general aspects of this very rare disease.
METHODS
We collected 42 abstracts in the form of case series and case reports, which reported 67 cases of SCH. Studies were taken into account only if they proved a histological diagnosis of SCH, either primary or secondary, with or without evidence of pre-existing SC.
RESULTS
The average age of SCH was 56.9 years, with prevalence for male sex. The average time of malignant transformation was 11.2 years. The most affected joint was the knee (47.7%), followed by hip (34.3%) and ankle (5.9%). SCH was described as de novo sarcoma only in 13 cases (19%). Surgery ended up with amputation in 59.7% of cases. Local recurrence rate was 28.3%.
CONCLUSIONS
We concluded that prognosis of SCH is worse than conventional one and we speculated this is due to the difficult site of the tumor (intraarticular), diagnostic delay and inappropriate previous treatments. We consider that a rapid deterioration of a SC or rapid recurrence after synoviectomy should be considered suspicious of malignant transformation and should be treated in a reference center.
PubMed: 27570774
DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.06.23 -
Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia 2010A 34-year-old male patient presented severe pain in his left knee in association with functional incapacitation, with no apparent triggering factor. He sought medical...
A 34-year-old male patient presented severe pain in his left knee in association with functional incapacitation, with no apparent triggering factor. He sought medical attention in December 2006, at which time he was prescribed NSAIDs. After a year, he reported increased swelling and pain at the site. He was referred to a knee specialist with a suspected meniscal injury. Upon examination, severe swelling of the joint, with movement limitation, severe pain and negative joint aspiration, was found. Since the simple radiographic results were normal, an MRI of the knee was requested. The MRI revealed a large accumulation of fluid inside the joint, together with marked synovial proliferation, especially focal thickening in clumps with an intermediate signal in T1 and T2, and a discrete hyposignal in T2 that was suggestive of pigmented villonodular synovitis with intact meniscus and ligaments. The patient underwent arthroscopy on the left knee, which revealed whitish irregular fragments, and then underwent arthrotomy with removal of the lesion and extensive synovectomy. The material was sent for anatomopathological examination, which showed the presence of synovial chondromatosis. Eight months after the surgery, the patient does not have any complaints, with a range of motion of 130° in the left knee without joint effusion or signs of inflammation. Synovial chondromatosis is a rare benign type of metaplasia of the synovial membrane that leads to the formation of cartilaginous free bodies in the joint space. It is difficult to diagnose because 95% of the nodules, when not calcified, can be overlooked radiologically.
PubMed: 27047814
DOI: 10.1016/S2255-4971(15)30441-9 -
In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 2021The aim of the review was to describe a complex microstructure and biomechanical properties of the articular cartilage as well as a current review of its pathologies... (Review)
Review
The aim of the review was to describe a complex microstructure and biomechanical properties of the articular cartilage as well as a current review of its pathologies encountered in veterinary practice. The articular cartilage with its unique features: complex microarchitecture, significant mechanical durability and elasticity, lacking blood, lymphatic vessels, and innervation, seems to stand in contradiction to the laws of biology. It can be involved in a vast majority of diseases, from osteoarthrosis as a result of natural aging process to more complex in nature like osteochondromatosis. The primary role of articular cartilage is to provide the surface for movement in any single joint in the body. Therefore, its diseases lead to physical impairment and deterioration of the quality of life. Treatment of articular cartilage poses a formidable challenge in both modern human and animal medicine.
Topics: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Cartilage, Articular; Elasticity; Humans; Osteoarthritis; Quality of Life
PubMed: 33910813
DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12388 -
Science Progress 2022To investigate the diagnosis and treatment procedure of synovial chondromatosis (SC) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the diagnosis and treatment procedure of synovial chondromatosis (SC) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
METHODS
Clinical features, imaging features, surgical methods, and prognosis of 7 patients with SC of the TMJ were analyzed. We also reviewed and analyzed surgery-relevant literature included in the Pubmed database in the past decade using the search terms "synovial chondromatosis" and "temporomandibular joint", and found 181 cases.
RESULTS
There was no specific difference in the symptoms of SC in the TMJ in different Milgram's stages in our cases and the cases mentioned in the literature. The main symptoms of SC in the TMJ were pain (100%, 7/7; 64.64%, 117/181), limited mouth opening (57.14%, 4/7; 53.59%, 97/181), swelling (14.29%, 1/7; 28.18%, 51/181), crepitus (28.57%, 2/7; 19.34%, 35/181), and clicking (14.29%, 1/7; 9.94%, 18/181) in our cases and cases from literature separately. The imaging features of SC were occupying lesions (including loose bodies or masses) (71.42%, 5/7; 37.57%, 68/181), bone change in condyle or glenoid fossa (1/7, 14.29%; 34.81%, 63/181), effusion (42.86%, 3/7; 20.99%, 38/181), joint space changes (42.86%, 3/7; 11.05%, 20/181) in our cases and cases from literature separately. The surgical procedures seem to depend mainly on the involved structures and the extension of the lesion rather than the Milgram's stage.
CONCLUSIONS
The clinical features of SC in the TMJ are nonspecific and easy to be misdiagnosed. MRI is helpful in the diagnosis of SC in the TMJ. The surgical procedures mainly depend on the involved structures and the extension of the lesion.
Topics: Chondromatosis; Chondromatosis, Synovial; Humans; Joint Loose Bodies; Temporomandibular Joint; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 35850569
DOI: 10.1177/00368504221115232 -
Cureus Nov 2022The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can be viewed using various imaging techniques. Due to relatively low radiation doses and excellent spatial resolution, cone-beam... (Review)
Review
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can be viewed using various imaging techniques. Due to relatively low radiation doses and excellent spatial resolution, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is being utilized more frequently in dental-maxillofacial imaging. For the diagnosis and treatment of TMJ disorders, an imaging examination is required. The osseous compartment is visualized using conventional CT, and CBCT and soft tissue imaging are extremely well appreciated on MRI. However, conventional TMJ imaging has its limitations due to its two-dimensional view and adjacent anatomical superimposition. TMJ imaging helps analyze the cortical and the bony compartment's trabaculae and assess the degree of skeletal abnormalities. TMJ imaging protocols are also used to evaluate treatment responses. CBCT is the three-dimensional imaging of the bony compartment and joint space and the morphology of the bone visualized by removing superimposition and distortion. Compared to multislice CT, CBCT produces high-resolution multiplanar images with a reduced dose of radiation. The role of CBCT imaging in determining the normal bony anatomy and pathological changes is appropriately delineated in this paper. This work will focus on the use of CBCT for the examination of TMJ in various patient categories, including those with osteoarthritis, remodeling, ankylosis, trauma, rheumatoid arthritis, synovial chondromatosis, and other intracapsular pathologies.
PubMed: 36532912
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31515 -
Lijecnicki Vjesnik 2010Synovial chondromatosis is an uncommon benign disorder of the synovial membrane ofjoints, tendon sheaths, or bursae characterized by the formation of multiple... (Review)
Review
Synovial chondromatosis is an uncommon benign disorder of the synovial membrane ofjoints, tendon sheaths, or bursae characterized by the formation of multiple cartilaginous nodules or osseus loose bodies. It is usually a monoarticular disease, and 33 different localizations have been described until now. The aim of this review article is to present the newest knowledge on the etiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and management of synovial chondromatosis. Malignant transformation to chondrosarcoma is an unusual but possible complication. It is closely connected with recurrence rate and usually occurs many years after surgical treatment. More specific details related to surgical treatment of most often affected joints, i.e. shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, and ankle are reported as well at the end of this review article.
Topics: Chondromatosis, Synovial; Chondrosarcoma; Humans
PubMed: 20540438
DOI: No ID Found -
Shoulder & Elbow Jul 2022Synovial chondromatosis (SC) of the shoulder is rare, with limited literature on its management. This systematic review of literature aimed to characterize common... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Synovial chondromatosis (SC) of the shoulder is rare, with limited literature on its management. This systematic review of literature aimed to characterize common arthroscopic techniques for the treatment of shoulder SC and patient outcomes. We hypothesized that arthroscopy is an effective operative modality for the management of shoulder SC.
METHODS
PubMed and Embase databases were searched for articles on arthroscopic management of shoulder SC, published before 6 August 2020. All articles meeting inclusion criteria received an independent full-text review by two authors.
RESULTS
An initial search found 64 articles. Following duplicate removal and title, abstract, and full-text reviews, 27 articles (48 patients) remained eligible. The mean age of patients was 33.0 years, with 2:1 male-to-female ratio. The mean follow-up was 41.8 months. SC was found to affect various intra- and extra-articular locations of the shoulder. Overall, arthroscopic treatment of shoulder SC was successful in 70.8%. Treatment failure was common in SC involving the bicipital tendon sheath. Disease recurrence was seen in 14.7%.
CONCLUSION
Literature on arthroscopic management of shoulder SC is limited, and significant heterogeneity in arthroscopic techniques was observed. Although arthroscopic management of shoulder SC is effective, further optimization is necessary to minimize treatment failure and disease recurrence.
PubMed: 35845621
DOI: 10.1177/1758573220977205