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Nature Neuroscience Jan 2018Injury or disease to the CNS results in multifaceted cellular and molecular responses. One such response, the glial scar, is a structural formation of reactive glia... (Review)
Review
Injury or disease to the CNS results in multifaceted cellular and molecular responses. One such response, the glial scar, is a structural formation of reactive glia around an area of severe tissue damage. While traditionally viewed as a barrier to axon regeneration, beneficial functions of the glial scar have also been recently identified. In this Perspective, we discuss the divergent roles of the glial scar during CNS regeneration and explore the possibility that these disparities are due to functional heterogeneity within the cells of the glial scar-specifically, astrocytes, NG2 glia and microglia.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Diseases; Cicatrix; Humans; Neuroglia; Regeneration
PubMed: 29269757
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0033-9 -
JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging May 2021
Topics: Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cicatrix; Gadolinium; Humans; Predictive Value of Tests
PubMed: 33221234
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.10.013 -
European Journal of Medical Research Nov 2023Wound healing is a tandem process involving inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, through which damage is repaired and ultimately scar tissue is formed. This... (Review)
Review
Wound healing is a tandem process involving inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, through which damage is repaired and ultimately scar tissue is formed. This process mainly relies on the complex and extensive interaction of growth factors and cytokines, which coordinate the synthesis of various cell types. The loss of normal regulation in any part of this process can lead to excessive scarring or unhealed wounds. Recent studies have shown that it is possible to improve wound healing and even achieve scar-free wound healing through proper regulation of cytokines and molecules in this process. In recent years, many studies have focused on accelerating wound healing and reducing scar size by regulating the molecular mechanisms related to wound healing and scar formation. We summarized the role of these factors in wound healing and scar formation, to provide a new idea for clinical scar-free healing treatment of uterine incisions.
Topics: Humans; Cicatrix; Wound Healing; Cytokines
PubMed: 37941058
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01485-w -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Jan 2003
Review
Topics: Cicatrix; Contracture; Forecasting; Humans
PubMed: 12521975
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.326.7380.88 -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Feb 2024Facial acne scars are a prevalent concern, leading to the development of various treatment modalities. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Facial acne scars are a prevalent concern, leading to the development of various treatment modalities.
OBJECTIVES
This review aims to explore the latest advancements in the treatment of facial acne scars, focusing on both surgical and non-surgical methods.
METHODS
The non-surgical treatments reviewed include topical medications (such as retinoids and alpha hydroxy acids) and non-invasive procedures (like microdermabrasion and chemical peels). Surgical options discussed are punch excision, subcision, and fractional laser treatments.
RESULTS
Combination therapy, integrating both surgical and non-surgical approaches, is frequently utilized to achieve optimal results in scar improvement.
CONCLUSION
Recent advancements in the treatment of facial acne scars provide promising options for individuals seeking improvement. However, these treatments have associated risks and potential adverse effects, highlighting the importance of consulting a dermatologist before beginning any treatment regimen.
Topics: Humans; Cicatrix; Acne Vulgaris; Chemexfoliation; Dermabrasion; Retinoids; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38303407
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13573 -
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Feb 2024Scars are classified into 5 types: Superficial scars, hypertrophic scars, atrophic scars, depressed scars, and keloid. These types are primarily characterized by... (Review)
Review
Scars are classified into 5 types: Superficial scars, hypertrophic scars, atrophic scars, depressed scars, and keloid. These types are primarily characterized by abnormal production of fibroblasts and collagen, as well as the disorderly arrangement of connective tissue. Laser treatment for scars involves the coordinated activation of various signaling pathways and cytokines. However, the exact pathological mechanism for scar formation remains unclear, leading to a lack of radical treatment. Recently, laser treatment has gained popularity as a new minimally invasive approach for scar treatment. The emergence of new theories such as fractional, picosecond laser, and laser-assisted drug delivery has led to continuous advance in laser treatment. Up to now, it has been developed numerous novel treatments, including combined with drug, physical, and other treatments, which have shown superior therapeutic effects. In order to optimize laser treatment in the future, it is crucial to combine new materials with postoperative care. This will help clinicians develop more comprehensive treatment strategies. Therefore, it is important to explore treatment options that have broader applicability.
Topics: Humans; Cicatrix; Laser Therapy; Keloid; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic
PubMed: 38755716
DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2024.230454 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Aug 2020
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Cicatrix; Humans; Pandemics
PubMed: 32817016
DOI: No ID Found -
Fertility and Sterility Oct 2022
Topics: Cesarean Section; Cicatrix; Female; Humans; Metrorrhagia; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography; Uterus
PubMed: 36064665
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.08.006 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2023Objectives This network meta-analysis assessed the relative efficacy and safety of six common photoelectric therapies including 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Objectives This network meta-analysis assessed the relative efficacy and safety of six common photoelectric therapies including 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG), fractional carbon dioxide laser(FSCO2), fractional micro-plasma radiofrequency(Plasma), micro-needling fractional radiofrequency (MRF), 1550nm or 1540nm erbium-glass non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL) fractional erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG). Methods A comprehensive search to identify relevant studies was conducted using four electronic databases. Outcome measures were extracted based on subjective and objective indexes, including the dermatologists' evaluation(DE), the patients' overall satisfaction(PS), VAS score, and Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Results Eleven published clinical research studies, involving 405 patients were included in this study. Ranking of DE from large to small is as follows: Nd: YAG, FSCO2, Er: YAG, Plasma, NAFL, MRF. In terms of PS, the rand from high to low can be described as follows: Er: YAG, Nd: YAG, FSCO2, Plasma, NAFL, MRF. In connection with the sequencing of adverse events, pain severity from slight to severe as follows: Er:YAG, Nd:YAG, FSCO2, NAFL, MRF, Plasma. The probability of having PIH are presented in order from lowest to highest as follows: MRF, Plasma, Nd: YAG, NAFL, Er: YAG, FSCO2. Conclusion FSCO2 remains the mainstream of potentially curative treatment, then again Nd: YAG and Er: YAG require greater efforts to prove their superior effectiveness. NAFL might be appropriate for mild and moderate improvement with its strengths of good tolerance while Plasma fits into patients with higher pain thresholds but an expectation of higher results. MRF has not given expression on absolute predominance for the present. Registration PROSPERO CRD42021242160 (available from https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero).
Topics: Humans; Cicatrix; Aluminum; Treatment Outcome; Erbium; Network Meta-Analysis; Acne Vulgaris; Connective Tissue Diseases; Hyperpigmentation; Atrophy; Lasers, Solid-State
PubMed: 37067138
DOI: 10.25259/IJDVL_572_2021 -
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Dec 2021We aim to describe the sonographic uterine anatomy after a cesarean section (CS), test the reproducibility of predefined measurements from the BSUM study, and report the... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
PURPOSE
We aim to describe the sonographic uterine anatomy after a cesarean section (CS), test the reproducibility of predefined measurements from the BSUM study, and report the distribution of these measurements.
METHODS
This is a descriptive observational study where 200 women with a history of only one CS were recruited 12-24 months postoperatively. A 5-13 MHz micro-convex transvaginal transducer was used for the acquisition of volumetric datasets for evaluating the CS scars. We defined 15 distinct measurements including the residual myometrial thickness (RMT). RMT ratio was calculated as a percentage of RMT to the assumed pre-cesarean anterior uterine wall thickness. A P value below 0.05 is utilized for significant statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Patients were included on average 18.5 months post-cesarean. The uterus was anteflexed in 82.5% and retroflexed in 17.5%. Myometrial defects at the site of CS manifest in two forms, either as a niche or as fibrosis. Patients are classified into four groups: those with isolated niches (45%), combined niches and fibrosis (38.5%), isolated fibrosis (11%), and lacking both (5%). The median RMT ratio for these groups was 63.09, 40.93, 59.84, and 100% with a standard deviation of 16.73, 12.95, 16.59, and 0, respectively. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) remained above 0.9 for all distinct measurements among these groups except for those of RMT, where ICC varied between 0.47 and 0.96. The RMT ratio shows a constant ICC at 0.94 regardless of the group.
CONCLUSION
The post-cesarean uterus is often anteflexed, and a myometrial loss of about 50% is normally expected. The pattern of this loss is in the form of a predominantly sharp-edged and echogenic niche, fibrosis, or a combination of both. The proposed RMT ratio takes these changes into consideration and results in a reproducible quantification. We hypothesize that different adverse outcomes could be attributed to the different scar patterns.
Topics: Cesarean Section; Cicatrix; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Reproducibility of Results; Ultrasonography; Uterus
PubMed: 33891206
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06074-y