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Scientific Reports Jul 2023Persian walnut (Juglans regia) has a considerable economic importance worldwide. However, the vigor and vitality of walnut trees were heavily affected by bark canker...
Persian walnut (Juglans regia) has a considerable economic importance worldwide. However, the vigor and vitality of walnut trees were heavily affected by bark canker during the last few years. Irregular longitudinal cankers in the outer bark, stem tissue necrosis, and bleeding with black-colored exudates walnut trees were observed in Kermanshah, Hamedan, Markazi, Alborz, Isfahan, Qom, Semnan, and Razavi Khorasan provinces in western, central and eastern Iran during 2018 and 2019. A total of 150 symptomatic samples were collected from affected walnut trees in order to identify bacteria associated with walnut decline. Two-hundred sixty strains with a metallic green sheen were isolated on EMB-agar medium. The pathogenicity of all strains was proved by inoculating a suspension of the bacterial strains under the bark of immature walnut fruits cv. 'Hartley'. Ninety-five strains caused necrosis and a dark-colored region in the mesocarp around the inoculation site 14 days post-inoculation. Moreover, 12 representative strains induced necrotic and black-colored tissues in the bark of young green twigs of two-year old walnut seedling cv. 'Chandler'. The strains were classified into four categories based on conventional phenotypic characters confirmed with the 16S rRNA gene sequences. A phylogenetic tree based on the concatenated sequences of two housekeeping gene fragments, gyrB and infB, indicated that strains including I1, Q6, and S6 were grouped in a cluster with Gibbsiella quercinecans FBR97 as well as strains I2, I5, and KE6 were clustered with Rahnella victoriana FRB 225. Moreover, strains MR1, MR3, and MR5 were grouped with the Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii DSM 14563. The phylogenetic analyses based on the partial sequencing of housekeeping genes including fusA, pyrG, and leuS revealed that strains KH1, KH3, and KH7 belong to Citrobacter braakii species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. braakii and E. hormaechei as plant pathogens and R. victoriana associated with walnut decline.
Topics: Juglans; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Necrosis
PubMed: 37438442
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38427-9 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2022In this study, we describe, for the first time, the co-existence of and in a carbapenem-resistant strain DY2019 isolated from a patient with urinary tract infection...
In this study, we describe, for the first time, the co-existence of and in a carbapenem-resistant strain DY2019 isolated from a patient with urinary tract infection in China. We aimed to investigate the genomic context of two β-lactamase-producing plasmids and characterize the transmission mechanism of the carbapenemase-encoding gene. Whole-genome sequencing of strain DY2019 was performed with Nanopore and Illumina platforms, which revealed a chromosome sequence with the length of 4,830,928 bp, an IncC group plasmid pDY2019-OXA (size of 178,134 bp), and a novel IncHI2 group plasmid pDY2019-NDM (length 348,495 bp). A total of 16 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) that confer resistance to nine different antibiotic groups were identified in strain DY2019, and 11 of them were carried by plasmid pDY2019-OXA. These data and analyses suggest that the carbapenem-resistant strains may serve as potential reservoir of carbapenemase and highlight the need for further close surveillance of this species in clinical settings.
PubMed: 35340671
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S347943 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Jun 2022
PubMed: 36119230
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1685_21 -
FEBS Open Bio Mar 2024Citrobacter braakii (C. braakii) is an anaerobic, gram-negative bacterium that has been isolated from the environment, food, and humans. Infection by C. braakii has...
Citrobacter braakii (C. braakii) is an anaerobic, gram-negative bacterium that has been isolated from the environment, food, and humans. Infection by C. braakii has been associated with acute mucosal inflammation in the intestine, respiratory tract, and urinary tract. However, the pathogenesis of C. braakii in the gastric mucosa has not yet been clarified. In this study, the bacterium was detected in 35.5% (61/172) of patients with chronic gastritis (CG) and was closely associated with the severity of mucosal inflammation. Citrobacter braakii P1 isolated from a patient with CG exhibited urease activity and acid resistance. It contained multiple secretion systems, including a complete type I secretion system (T1SS), T5aSS and T6SS. We then predicted the potential pilus-related adhesins. Citrobacter braakii P1 diffusely adhered to AGS cells and significantly increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release; the adhesion rate and LDH release were much lower in HEp-2 cells. Strain P1 also induced markedly increased mRNA and protein expression of IL-8 and TNF-α in AGS cells, and the fold increase was much higher than that in HEp-2 cells. Our results demonstrate proinflammatory and cytotoxic role of C. braakii in gastric epithelial cells, indicating the bacterium is potentially involved in inducing gastric mucosa inflammation.
Topics: Humans; Citrobacter; Stomach; Inflammation
PubMed: 38268325
DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13770 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Sep 2022The effects of increasing doses of bacterial phytase () on performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs was evaluated. A total of 120 barrows...
The effects of increasing doses of bacterial phytase () on performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs was evaluated. A total of 120 barrows weighing 25.16 ± 2.80 kg and 68 days old were submitted to five treatments: positive control diet (PC) containing inorganic phosphorus (P) and limestone (Ca); negative control (NC) with reductions in P (by 0.13%) and Ca (by 0.11%); and three NC diets supplemented with 1500 (NC15), 3000 (NC30) and 4500 (NC45) units of phytase (FYT)/kg. The daily weight gain (DWG) in growth phase I (68-91 days) was higher in the PC, NC15 and NC30, compared to the NC (1.06, 1.06, 1.06 vs. 0.95, respectively). The DWG in finishing phase II (141-156 days) was higher in the NC15 (1.20 kg) and NC30 (1.14 kg) than in the NC45 (0.94 kg). The final weights (LW156) in the NC15 (122.95 kg LW) were higher than NC (116.47 kg LW) and NC45 (114.43 kg LW). Over the entire period, a quadratic effect (2012 FYT) was observed for the DWG. The increasing levels of phytase in corn and soybean meal-based diets improved the DWG and carcass traits; however, the addition of more than 3000 FYT/kg of feed should be carefully studied to determine enzyme viability.
PubMed: 36230293
DOI: 10.3390/ani12192552 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Jul 2019and are Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens associated with many infectious diseases, including septicemia, in humans and animals. Here, we report the draft genome...
and are Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens associated with many infectious diseases, including septicemia, in humans and animals. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of seven strains and one strain isolated from Canadian wastewater treatment facilities.
PubMed: 31270188
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00273-19 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022is an opportunistic pathogen that induces aquatic infections in fish and turtles. In this study, a bacteriophage that infects , named vB_CbrM_HP1, was isolated from...
is an opportunistic pathogen that induces aquatic infections in fish and turtles. In this study, a bacteriophage that infects , named vB_CbrM_HP1, was isolated from sewage. This phage belongs to family, subfamily, Mooglevirus genus. We also used the phage to treat crucian carp infection caused by for the first time. vB_CbrM_HP1 was relatively stable at temperatures ranging from 4 to 60°C and pH values ranging from 3 to 11 but float slightly. When the multiplicities of infection (MOI) was 0.0001, the titer reached a maximum of 4.20 × 10 PFU/ml. As revealed from the results of whole genomic sequence analysis, the total length of vB_CbrM_HP1 was 89335 bp, encoding 135 ORFs, 9 of which were <75% similar to the known sequences in NCBI. The phage vB_CbrM_HP1 showed a highly efficient bactericidal effect against both and . , vB_CbrM_HP1 was capable of effectively killing bacteria (the colony count decreased by 4.7 log units at 5 h). , administration of vB_CbrM_HP1 (1 × 10 PFU) effectively protected crucian carp against fatal infection caused by . Phage treatment reduced the levels of inflammatory factors. All these results demonstrated the potential of vB_CbrM_HP1 as an alternative treatment strategy for infections caused by .
PubMed: 35601403
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.888561 -
Clinical Case Reports May 2021A 34-year-old woman presented due to progressive painful swelling around the nail of the right index finger. Onychectomy and drainage of the abscess of the affected...
A 34-year-old woman presented due to progressive painful swelling around the nail of the right index finger. Onychectomy and drainage of the abscess of the affected finger were performed as the inflammation was progressive despite the previous antibiotic therapy. The microbiological culture revealed a ciprofloxacin-susceptible Citrobacter braakii.
PubMed: 34084511
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4203 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2021Globally, is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness in humans. Food of animal origin is obligatorily tested for the presence of this pathogen. Unfortunately, in...
BACKGROUND
Globally, is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness in humans. Food of animal origin is obligatorily tested for the presence of this pathogen. Unfortunately, in meat and meat products, this is often hampered by the presence of background microbiota, which may present as false-positive .
METHODS
For the identification of spp. from meat samples of beef, pork, and poultry, the authorized detection method is PN-EN ISO 6579-1:2017-04 with the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme, two biochemical tests: API 20E and VITEK II, and a real-time PCR-based technique.
RESULTS
Out of 42 presumptive strains of , 83.3% spp. , 14.3% , and 12.4% were detected from 180 meat samples.
CONCLUSIONS
Presumptive strains of should be identified based on genotypic properties such as DNA-based methods. The aim of this study was the isolation and identification of spp. from miscellaneous meat sorts: beef, pork, and poultry.
PubMed: 34574287
DOI: 10.3390/foods10092177 -
MSphere Mar 2020carbapenemase (KPC)-producing have become widespread in hospitals and the environment. Here, we describe a -carrying plasmid called pCRE3-KPC, which was recovered from...
carbapenemase (KPC)-producing have become widespread in hospitals and the environment. Here, we describe a -carrying plasmid called pCRE3-KPC, which was recovered from a clinical multidrug-resistant CRE3 strain in China. The complete nucleotide sequence of pCRE3-KPC was determined by combining MiSeq and MinION sequencing and then compared with those of three related plasmids. Plasmid conjugal transfer and electroporation tests, modified carbapenem inactivation method, and bacterial antimicrobial susceptibility test were carried out. We compared this plasmid with three related plasmids to verify that the backbone of pCRE3-KPC was composed of the backbones of the IncR plasmid and IncP6 plasmid. Further bioinformatics analysis showed that pCRE3-KPC carried two resistance-related regions (the gene cluster and the --related region). The --related region included two novel insertion sequences (IS and IS). Reports of human-pathogenic strains, especially of strains showing resistance to carbapenems, are rare. To the best of our knowledge, our results represent the first detection of carbapenemase gene in strains. In addition, we have studied detailed genetic characteristics of the novel IncR/IncP6 hybrid plasmid pCRE3-KPC, which was isolated from a clinical multidrug-resistant CRE3 strain. Our results may provide further insight into the horizontal transfer of multidrug resistance genes in bacteria and into the genomic diversity and molecular evolution of plasmids.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Carbapenems; China; Citrobacter; Computational Biology; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Gene Transfer Techniques; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Multigene Family; Plasmids; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 32213624
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00891-19