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British Medical Journal (Clinical... Jul 1983
Topics: Agoraphobia; Fear; Humans; Panic; Phobic Disorders
PubMed: 6409281
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.287.6387.290-b -
European Journal of Radiology Apr 2023To report the incidence of early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) terminations and analyse their risk factors in a large university hospital.
PURPOSE
To report the incidence of early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) terminations and analyse their risk factors in a large university hospital.
METHOD
All consecutive patients aged > 16 years who underwent an MRI over a 14-month period were included. The following parameters were collected: demographics, in- or outpatient, history of claustrophobia, anatomical region investigated, and early MRI termination along with its cause. The potential link between these parameters and early MRI termination was statistically analysed.
RESULTS
Overall, 22,566MRIs were performed (10,792 [48%] men and 11,774[52%] women, mean age: 57 [range: 16-103] years). Early MRI termination was reported in 183 (0.8%) patients (99 men and 84 women, mean age: 63 years). Of these early terminations, 103 (56%) were due to claustrophobia and 80 (44%) to other causes. Early terminations were more common in inpatients than outpatients (1.2% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.001), for both claustrophobia- and non-claustrophobia-related reasons. A prior history of claustrophobia was strongly associated with claustrophobia-related early termination (6.6% vs. 0.2%, p = 0.0001). Non-claustrophobia-related early terminations were significantly more common (0.6% vs. 0.2%) in elderly patients (>65 years old) than in younger ones. No other parameter was significantly associated with early termination.
CONCLUSIONS
Early MRI termination is currently rare. The main risk factors for claustrophobia-related terminations comprised a prior history of claustrophobia, and examinations in inpatients. Non-claustrophobia-related early terminations were more common in both elderly patients and inpatients.
Topics: Male; Aged; Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Radiography; Phobic Disorders; Risk Factors; Hospitals
PubMed: 36893680
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.110751 -
Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica :... Aug 2019
Review
Topics: Adult; Comorbidity; Fear; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders; Motion Sickness; Panic Disorder; Phobic Disorders; Psychological Distress; Surveys and Questionnaires; Visual Perception
PubMed: 31501618
DOI: 10.14639/0392-100X-2190 -
Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience :... May 2001
Review
Topics: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Phobic Disorders; Psychotropic Drugs; Quality of Life; Shyness
PubMed: 11394188
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Psychiatry Jul 2016This longitudinal study aims to investigate differences in long-term disability between social anxiety disorder (SAD), panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA), panic...
BACKGROUND
This longitudinal study aims to investigate differences in long-term disability between social anxiety disorder (SAD), panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA), panic disorder without agoraphobia (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and multiple anxiety disorders (multiple AD), focusing on the effects of different course trajectories (remission, recurrence and chronic course) and specific symptom dimensions (anxiety arousal and avoidance behaviour).
METHODS
Data were used from participants with no psychiatric diagnosis (healthy controls, n = 647) or with a current anxiety disorder (SAD, n = 191; PDA, n = 90; PD, n = 84; GAD, n = 110; multiple AD, n = 480). Severity of anxiety arousal and avoidance behaviour symptoms was measured using the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Fear Questionnaire. The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II was used to measure disability.
RESULTS
Long-term disability was most prevalent in participants with SAD and multiple AD, and lowest in PDA and PD. GAD had an intermediate position. Anxiety arousal and avoidance behaviour were associated with more long-term disability in anxiety disorders than course trajectories.
CONCLUSIONS
Various anxiety disorders have different disability levels over 4 years of time, therefore diagnostic distinction is important for treatment focus. Anxiety arousal and avoidance behaviour are major predictors for long-term disability in anxiety disorders.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Agoraphobia; Anxiety Disorders; Arousal; Avoidance Learning; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Panic Disorder; Phobic Disorders; Prognosis; Recurrence; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 27431392
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0946-y -
Prilozi (Makedonska Akademija Na... Sep 2017Anorexia nervosa is a disorder of feeding behavior associated with distortion of body image, mood disturbance and a wide variety of hormonal and metabolic abnormalities....
Anorexia nervosa is a disorder of feeding behavior associated with distortion of body image, mood disturbance and a wide variety of hormonal and metabolic abnormalities. It is supposed that the disease could be the consequence of a combination of cultural-social, psychological and biological factors. Our study confirmed that anorexia mentalis is a serious, life threatening disorder which in our country appears earlier than it was expected and that is strongly related to environmental factors (family, school, fashion, society). We showed that specific personality traits are characteristic for both, young patients and mothers. Sublimation of emotional stress by exceptional performances, accompanied by food restrictive consumption together with hypersensitivity, oppositional behavior and aggression are specific for this disorder. High levels of self-imposed standards increase the risk for psychological distress, especially for eating disorder symptomatology. Both genders could be involved as patients. Boys must be especially followed for possible psychiatric manifestation. We confirmed that the biofeedback as additional therapeutic modality is very useful.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Anorexia Nervosa; Biofeedback, Psychology; Body Image; Body Weight; Brain; Brain Waves; Case-Control Studies; Child; Electroencephalography; Energy Metabolism; Family Relations; Feeding Behavior; Female; Health Behavior; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Magnetoencephalography; Male; Mental Health; Personality; Phobic Disorders; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 28991767
DOI: 10.1515/prilozi-2017-0021 -
Psychophysiology Dec 2022Specific phobia can be treated successfully with exposure therapy. Although exposure therapy has strong effects on self-reported ratings and behavioral avoidance,...
Specific phobia can be treated successfully with exposure therapy. Although exposure therapy has strong effects on self-reported ratings and behavioral avoidance, effects on measures derived from electroencephalography (EEG) are scant and unclear. To fill this gap, spider-phobic individuals received either in-vivo or virtual reality exposure treatment. Patients were tested twice (one week before and after treatment), and control subjects once. In each session, EEG was recorded to spider pictures as well as other positive, negative, and neutral pictures. During EEG recording, participants performed a simple detection task while task-irrelevant pictures were shown in the background. The task was used to reduce potential confounding effects from shifts of attention. After the task, subjects were shown the pictures again and rated each in terms of their emotional reaction (arousal and pleasantness). The results showed that before treatment, patients rated spiders as more negative than did control subjects. Patients also showed elevated early posterior negativity (EPN) and late positive potential (LPP) to spiders. After treatment, the negative emotional ratings of spiders were substantially reduced. Critically, Bayesian analyses suggested that EPN and LPP were unaffected by treatment and that the treatment groups did not differ in their responses (EPN, LPP, and ratings). These findings suggest that the effects of in vivo and virtual reality exposure therapy are similar and that the initial stages of motivated attention (EPN and LPP) are unaffected by treatment.
Topics: Animals; Spiders; Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy; Photic Stimulation; Bayes Theorem; Phobic Disorders; Electroencephalography
PubMed: 35687668
DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14117 -
BMC Medical Imaging Feb 2011Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been described as the most important medical innovation in the last 25 years. Over 80 million MR procedures are now performed each... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been described as the most important medical innovation in the last 25 years. Over 80 million MR procedures are now performed each year and on average 2.3% (95% confidence interval: 2.0 to 2.5%) of all patients scheduled for MR imaging suffer from claustrophobia. Thus, prevention of MR imaging by claustrophobia is a common problem and approximately 2,000,000 MR procedures worldwide cannot be completed due to this situation. Patients with claustrophobic anxiety are more likely to be frightened and experience a feeling of confinement or being closed in during MR imaging. In these patients, conscious sedation and additional sequences (after sedation) may be necessary to complete the examinations. Further improvements in MR design appear to be essential to alleviate this situation and broaden the applicability of MR imaging. A more open scanner configuration might help reduce claustrophobic reactions while maintaining image quality and diagnostic accuracy.
METHODS/DESIGN
We propose to analyze the rate of claustrophobic reactions, clinical utility, image quality, patient acceptance, and cost-effectiveness of an open MR scanner in a randomized comparison with a recently designed short-bore but closed scanner with 97% noise reduction. The primary aim of this study is thus to determine whether an open MR scanner can reduce claustrophobic reactions, thereby enabling more examinations of claustrophobic patients without incurring the safety issues associated with conscious sedation. In this manuscript we detail the methods and design of the prospective "CLAUSTRO" trial.
DISCUSSION
This randomized controlled trial will be the first direct comparison of open vertical and closed short-bore MR systems in regards to claustrophobia and image quality as well as diagnostic utility.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00715806.
Topics: Equipment Design; Equipment Failure Analysis; Germany; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Phobic Disorders; Prevalence; Research Design; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 21310075
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2342-11-4 -
Psychiatria Danubina Dec 2009This article discusses diagnostic features of social phobia, social skills and (anxious) avoidant personality disorder, and gives an overview on principles of cognitive... (Review)
Review
This article discusses diagnostic features of social phobia, social skills and (anxious) avoidant personality disorder, and gives an overview on principles of cognitive behaviour therapy strategies used in social anxiety patients. Motivation to change and the therapeutic relationship are important issues to be worked on at the beginning and throughout therapy. Functional analysis focuses on interactional and systemic features. Three specific programmes dealing with anxiety management, social skills training and relaxation techniques are presented (Gruppentraining sozialer Kompetenzen, Hinsch und Pfingsten (2007); Soziale Phobien, ein kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutisches Behandlungsmanual, Stangier et al. (2003) und Soziales Kompetenztraining, Gruppentherapie bei sozialen Angsten und Defiziten, Alsleben und Hand (2006)).
Topics: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Humans; Motivation; Phobic Disorders; Psychotherapy, Group; Social Behavior
PubMed: 19935491
DOI: No ID Found -
Scientific Reports Nov 2021Spiders are mostly harmless, yet they often trigger high levels of both fear and disgust, and arachnophobia (the phobia of spiders) ranks among the most common specific...
Spiders are mostly harmless, yet they often trigger high levels of both fear and disgust, and arachnophobia (the phobia of spiders) ranks among the most common specific animal phobias. To investigate this apparent paradox, we turned to the only close relatives of spiders that pose a real danger to humans: scorpions. We adopted a unique methodology in order to assess authentic emotions elicited by arthropods. Over 300 respondents were asked to rate live specimens of 62 arthropod species (including spiders, scorpions, cockroaches, and other insects) based on perceived fear, disgust, and beauty. We found that species' scores on all three scales depended on the higher taxon as well as on body size. Spiders, scorpions, and other arachnids scored the highest in fear and disgust, while beetles and crabs scored the highest in beauty. Moreover, all chelicerates were perceived as one cohesive group, distinct from other arthropods, such as insects or crabs. Based on these results, we hypothesize that the fear of spiders might be triggered by a generalized fear of chelicerates, with scorpions being the original stimulus that signals danger.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Arthropods; Cluster Analysis; Emotions; Fear; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phobic Disorders; Spiders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 34782659
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01325-z