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The Journal of International Medical... Oct 2022Although uncommon, infection caused by may be life threatening particularly in immunocompromised patients. We report here a rare presentation of a patient with diffuse... (Review)
Review
Although uncommon, infection caused by may be life threatening particularly in immunocompromised patients. We report here a rare presentation of a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and haemophagocytic syndrome associated with bacteraemia. The management of the patient is described as well as a review of medical literature. Infection by species, including should be considered in a febrile patient with a haematologic malignancy. The case highlights the importance of using gene sequencing for identification of this anaerobic organism.
Topics: Clostridium; Clostridium Infections; Humans; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 36217260
DOI: 10.1177/03000605221129558 -
Infectious Disease Reports Sep 2018Botulism is caused by toxin production from many species of , most commonly as well as and . Development of wound botulism is associated with injection drug users but...
Botulism is caused by toxin production from many species of , most commonly as well as and . Development of wound botulism is associated with injection drug users but has also been described in traumatic injuries with exposure to soil. A patient presented to the emergency department with a complaint of descending, progressive weakness. He recently reported skin popping with heroin injections. Heptavalent botulinum antitoxin was obtained from the [Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)]. On hospital day seven, the anaerobic wound cultures resulted with growth of .
PubMed: 30344967
DOI: 10.4081/idr.2018.7654 -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2018is a rare member of the family that is rarely cultured. This report examines a case of cultured from the blood of a 72-year-old man who was ultimately diagnosed with...
is a rare member of the family that is rarely cultured. This report examines a case of cultured from the blood of a 72-year-old man who was ultimately diagnosed with metastatic gastrointestinal (GI) adenocarcinoma. The patient was receiving treatment for nosocomial pneumonia prior to culture of the , which led to suspicion for malignancy. Extensive GI and oncologic workup demonstrated multiple comorbidities and a primary GI cancer, which likely caused a breach in the GI mucosa and entrance into the bloodstream. After a prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay, the patient died on hospital day 23. Though rarely reported, septicemia has been demonstrated in patients with malignancy, specifically of the GI tract. Therefore, this case represents a typical septicemia patient. Given the prevalence of and the contemporary emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) microorganisms, both typical and atypical cases regarding rare members of the species have a significant role in the clinical management and public health planning.
PubMed: 29951328
DOI: 10.1155/2018/6031510 -
Journal of Bacteriology Jan 2000Lysine 2,3-aminomutase (KAM, EC 5.4.3.2.) catalyzes the interconversion of L-lysine and L-beta-lysine, the first step in lysine degradation in Clostridium subterminale...
Lysine 2,3-aminomutase from Clostridium subterminale SB4: mass spectral characterization of cyanogen bromide-treated peptides and cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene kamA in Escherichia coli.
Lysine 2,3-aminomutase (KAM, EC 5.4.3.2.) catalyzes the interconversion of L-lysine and L-beta-lysine, the first step in lysine degradation in Clostridium subterminale SB4. KAM requires S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which mediates hydrogen transfer in a mechanism analogous to adenosylcobalamin-dependent reactions. KAM also contains an iron-sulfur cluster and requires pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) for activity. In the present work, we report the cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the gene kamA for C. subterminale SB4 KAM and conditions for its expression in Escherichia coli. The cyanogen bromide peptides were isolated and characterized by mass spectral analysis and, for selected peptides, amino acid and N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. PCR was performed with degenerate oligonucleotide primers and C. subterminale SB4 chromosomal DNA to produce a portion of kamA containing 1,029 base pairs of the gene. The complete gene was obtained from a genomic library of C. subterminale SB4 chromosomal DNA by use of DNA probe analysis based on the 1,029-base pair fragment. The full-length gene consisted of 1,251 base pairs specifying a protein of 47,030 Da, in reasonable agreement with 47, 173 Da obtained by electrospray mass spectrometry of the purified enzyme. N- and C-terminal amino acid analysis of KAM and its cyanogen bromide peptides firmly correlated its amino acid sequence with the nucleotide sequence of kamA. A survey of bacterial genome databases identified seven homologs with 31 to 72% sequence identity to KAM, none of which were known enzymes. An E. coli expression system consisting of pET 23a(+) plus kamA yielded unsatisfactory expression and bacterial growth. Codon usage in kamA includes the use of AGA for all 29 arginine residues. AGA is rarely used in E. coli, and arginine clusters at positions 4 and 5, 25 and 27, and 134, 135, and 136 apparently compound the barrier to expression. Coexpression of E. coli argU dramatically enhanced both cell growth and expression of KAM. Purified recombinant KAM is equivalent to that purified from C. subterminale SB4.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Clostridium; Cyanogen Bromide; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Intramolecular Transferases; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptide Mapping; Peptides; RNA, Transfer, Arg; Recombination, Genetic; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 10629195
DOI: 10.1128/JB.182.2.469-476.2000 -
IDCases 2022is an anaerobic spore-forming bacterium rarely isolated in human infections. This case study presents a necrotizing infection stemming from a dental abscess that...
is an anaerobic spore-forming bacterium rarely isolated in human infections. This case study presents a necrotizing infection stemming from a dental abscess that progressed into sepsis, a small pericardial effusion, moderate bilateral pulmonary effusions, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The management of the infection, along with other relevant cases is discussed.
PubMed: 35127448
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01416 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jun 1991On the basis of 686 analyses of 285 strains of Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium argentinense (formerly C. botulinum type G), and phenotypically related organisms, 14...
On the basis of 686 analyses of 285 strains of Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium argentinense (formerly C. botulinum type G), and phenotypically related organisms, 14 cellular fatty acid (CFA) groups of toxic organisms and 6 CFA groups of nontoxic organisms were delineated. The CFA groups of toxic strains included two of type A, three of proteolytic strains of type B, two of proteolytic strains of type F, one each of nonproteolytic strains of types B, E, and F, and one each of types C alpha, C beta, and D and C. argentinense. The groups of phenotypically similar nontoxic strains included Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium putrificum, nontoxic strains with phenotypic characteristics similar to those of nonproteolytic strains of C. botulinum types B, E, and F (BEF-like), two groups of nontoxigenic organisms with phenotypic characteristics similar to those of C. botulinum types C and D and Clostridium novyi (CDN-like), and Clostridium subterminale, which has phenotypic characteristics similar to those of C. argentinense. Within the toxin types, 89 to 100% of the strains were correctly identified by CFA analysis, and 74 to 100% of the analyses were correct. Of 36 strains of C. sporogenes, 30 (83%) were correctly identified; 17% of the strains of C. sporogenes were incorrectly identified as C. botulinum type A or B. All analyses of C. putrificum and C. subterminale were correctly identified. There was no significant level of similarity between strains of C. botulinum and phenotypically similar organisms and 85 other species of clostridia or 407 other taxa of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, the one strain each of Clostridium baratii and Clostridium butyricum previously reported to produce C. botulinum toxin could be differentiated from C.botulinum types as well as from strains of C. baratii and C. butyricum that did not produce neurotoxin.
Topics: Bacterial Toxins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Clostridium; Clostridium botulinum; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fatty Acids; Humans; Peptide Hydrolases; Phenotype; Species Specificity
PubMed: 1864927
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.29.6.1114-1124.1991 -
IDCases 2018is an anaerobic spore-forming bacterium usually associated with infections in patients who are immunocompromised. This case report focuses on a rare presentation of a...
is an anaerobic spore-forming bacterium usually associated with infections in patients who are immunocompromised. This case report focuses on a rare presentation of a multifascial space odontogenic infection associated with the bacterial isolate . The management of an odontogenic infection associated with an isolate of in an immunocompetent female is described, as well as a review of the literature.
PubMed: 29942744
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2018.03.009 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Oct 2020Gluten is a cereal protein that is incompletely digested by human proteolytic enzymes that create immunogenic peptides that accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract...
Gluten is a cereal protein that is incompletely digested by human proteolytic enzymes that create immunogenic peptides that accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Although both environmental and human bacteria have been shown to expedite gluten hydrolysis, gluten intolerance is a growing concern. Here we hypothesize that together with food, we acquire environmental bacteria that could impact our GIT with gluten-degrading bacteria. Using in vitro gastrointestinal simulation conditions, we evaluated the capacity of endophytic bacteria that inhabit root vegetables, potato (Solanum tuberosum), carrot (Daucus sativus), beet (Beta vulgaris), and topinambur (Jerusalem artichoke) (Helianthus tuberosus), to resist these conditions and degrade gluten. By 16S rDNA sequencing, we discovered that bacteria from the families Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillaceae, and Clostridiaceae most effectively multiply in conditions similar to the human GIT (microoxic conditions, 37 °C) while utilizing vegetable material and gluten as nutrients. Additionally, we used stomach simulation (1 h, pH 3) and intestinal simulation (1 h, bile salts 0.4%) treatments. The bacteria that survived this treatment retained the ability to degrade gluten epitopes but at lower levels. Four bacterial strains belonging to species Bacillus pumilus, Clostridium subterminale, and Clostridium sporogenes isolated from vegetable roots produced proteases with postproline cleaving activity that successfully neutralized the toxic immunogenic epitopes. KEY POINTS: • Bacteria from root vegetables can degrade gluten. • Some of these bacteria can resist conditions mimicking gastrointestinal tract.
Topics: Bacteria; Celiac Disease; Clostridium; Gliadin; Glutens; Helianthus; Humans; Microbiota; Vegetables
PubMed: 32875365
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10852-0 -
IDCases 2016Clostridium subterminale is a Clostridium species that has been rarely isolated in the blood of immunocompromised patients. We report a case of C. subterminale...
Clostridium subterminale is a Clostridium species that has been rarely isolated in the blood of immunocompromised patients. We report a case of C. subterminale septicemia in an immunocompetent patient who presented with acute mediastinitis following spontaneous esophageal rupture.
PubMed: 27478764
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2016.06.005 -
IDCases 2014Clostridium subterminale (C. subterminale) is a pathogenic species of Clostridium that has been infrequently isolated. We report a case of C. subterminale bacteremia...
Clostridium subterminale (C. subterminale) is a pathogenic species of Clostridium that has been infrequently isolated. We report a case of C. subterminale bacteremia causing sepsis in a patient with metastatic gastrointestinal malignancy.
PubMed: 26955525
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2014.06.003