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BMJ Open Oct 2019The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey Biomarkers Cohort (Healthy Ageing and Biomarkers Cohort Study (HABCS)) was established to investigate the determinants...
PURPOSE
The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey Biomarkers Cohort (Healthy Ageing and Biomarkers Cohort Study (HABCS)) was established to investigate the determinants of healthy aging and mortality among the oldest old in China. Besides collecting health status, behavioural and sociodemographic circumstances, the present study also gathers comprehensive data for the elderly by simultaneously collecting, detecting, analysing blood and urine, respectively.
PARTICIPANTS
HABCS is a community-based longitudinal multiwave study of older men and women aged 65 or above. Baseline survey and the follow-up surveys with replacement for deceased elderly were conducted in eight longevity areas in China, which cover the northern, middle and southern parts of China. Between 2008 and 2017, 6333 participants were included in HABCS, comprising 1385 centenarians, 1350 nonagenarians, 1294 octogenarians, 1577 younger elderly (aged 65-79).
FINDINGS TO DATE
We have found that higher baseline levels of (1) total cholesterol, (2) low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and (3) superoxide dismutase activity were associated with greater cognitive decline. While (4) higher LDL-C level was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality. There was a reverse association between (5) plasma vitamin D and cognitive impairment in cross-sectional and prospective study.
FUTURE PLANS
We are currently exploring the relationships between various biomarkers and different outcomes such as cognitive function and mortality. This longitudinal cohort study will be continued in the future.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; China; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Healthy Aging; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 31601581
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026513 -
European Journal of Epidemiology Mar 2022The China birth cohort study (CBCS) is a prospective longitudinal, mega-cohort study and the first national-based birth cohort study, aiming to establish a birth cohort...
The China birth cohort study (CBCS) is a prospective longitudinal, mega-cohort study and the first national-based birth cohort study, aiming to establish a birth cohort covering representative geographical areas of the whole of China to investigate risk factors for birth defects and develop strategies for their reduction. Pregnant women who are of Chinese nationality, are 6-13 weeks of gestation, plan to attend the routine antenatal examination and deliver in the study site, and give their informed, written consent are eligible to participate in this study. All participants are followed-up through an in-person interview at 20-23 weeks and again at 28-33 weeks of gestation, and at delivery, respectively. CBCS has been divided into three phases from 20th November 2017 to 31st December 2021, and the first two phases have now been completed on 29th February 2020, enrolling 120 377 eligible pregnant women during this period. During the same period a total of 40 837 participants had been followed up to the end of pregnancy. Study recruitment will continue until December 2021 to achieve the target of 500 000 participants. Meanwhile, biological samples including peripheral blood, amniocytes, cord blood, placenta, or umbilical cord tissue have been collected from participants according to various conditions. The incidence of birth defects in this group is 2.5% and congenital heart disease is the most common type of birth defect seen so far. A website is in the advanced stages of planning, to allow seamless data transfer and facilitate collaboration with groups around the world.
Topics: Birth Cohort; China; Cohort Studies; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35146635
DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00831-8 -
Critical Care Medicine Feb 2021To evaluate the impact of bundle interventions on ICU delirium prevalence, duration, and other patients' adverse outcomes. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the impact of bundle interventions on ICU delirium prevalence, duration, and other patients' adverse outcomes.
DATA SOURCES
The Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and MEDLINE from January 2000 to July 2020. The protocol of the study was registered in International prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42020163147).
STUDY SELECTION
Randomized clinical trials or cohort studies that examined the following outcomes were included in the current study: ICU delirium prevalence and duration, proportion of patient-days with coma, ventilator-free days, mechanical ventilation days, ICU or hospital length of stay, and ICU or inhospital or 28-day mortality.
DATA EXTRACTION
Using a standardized data-collection form, two authors screened the studies and extracted the data independently, and assessed the studies' quality using the Modified Jadad Score Scale for randomized clinical trials and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Eleven studies with a total of 26,384 adult participants were included in the meta-analysis. Five studies (three randomized clinical trials and two cohort studies) involving 18,638 patients demonstrated that ICU delirium prevalence was not reduced (risk ratio = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.68-1.24). Meta-analysis showed that the use of bundle interventions was not associated with shortening the duration of ICU delirium (mean difference = -1.42 d; 95% CI, -3.06 to 0.22; two randomized clinical trials and one cohort study), increasing ventilator-free days (mean difference = 1.56 d; 95% CI, -1.56 to 4.68; three randomized clinical trials), decreasing mechanical ventilation days (mean difference = -0.83 d; 95% CI, -1.80 to 0.14; four randomized clinical trials and two cohort studies), ICU length of stay (mean difference = -1.08 d; 95% CI, -2.16 to 0.00; seven randomized clinical trials and two cohort studies), and inhospital mortality (risk ratio = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.70-1.06; five randomized clinical trials and four cohort studies). However, bundle interventions are effective in reducing the proportion of patient-days experiencing coma (risk ratio = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.39-0.57; two cohort studies), hospital length of stay (mean difference = -1.47 d; 95% CI, -2.80 to -0.15; four randomized clinical trials and one cohort study), and 28-day mortality by 18% (risk ratio = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69-0.99; three randomized clinical trials).
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis fails to support that bundle interventions are effective in reducing ICU delirium prevalence and duration, but supports that bundle interventions are effective in reducing the proportion of patient-days with coma, hospital length of stay, and 28-day mortality. Larger randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate the impact of bundle interventions on ICU delirium and other clinical outcomes.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Critical Illness; Delirium; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Patient Care Bundles; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 33332818
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004773 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Feb 2024Being able to critically evaluate modern cohort studies is important when being presented with claims based on observational evidence. In this review article, key... (Review)
Review
Being able to critically evaluate modern cohort studies is important when being presented with claims based on observational evidence. In this review article, key aspects of the cohort design are presented using an example of a cohort study investigating the association between the use of SGLT2 inhibitors and gout. We describe the active comparator, new user design, modern methods used to address confounding, how to identify the most common sources of bias, and how to interpret study results appropriately.
Topics: Humans; Cohort Studies; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
PubMed: 38445320
DOI: 10.61409/V06230401 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2020Birth cohort studies are the most appropriate type of design to determine the causal relationship between potential risk factors during the prenatal or postnatal period...
Birth cohort studies are the most appropriate type of design to determine the causal relationship between potential risk factors during the prenatal or postnatal period and the health status of the newborn up to childhood and potentially adulthood. To date, there has been a growth in interest regarding observational population-based studies which are performed to provide answers to specific research questions for defined populations, for instance, assessing the exposure to environmental pollutants or drugs on the risk of developing a disease. Birth cohorts based on the recruitment and active follow-up of mothers and children allow the collection of biological material, and specific clinical and genetic information. However, they require a considerable amount of time and resources and, besides being usually of limited size, they are exposed to the risk of the loss of subjects to follow-up, with decreased statistical power and possible selection bias. For these reasons, linking the medical birth register with administrative health records for mothers and babies is increasingly being used in countries with a universal healthcare system, allowing researchers to identify large and unselected populations from birth, and to reconstruct relevant traits and care pathways of mothers and newborns. This Special Issue of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health focuses on the current state of knowledge on perinatal and postnatal exposures and adverse pregnancy, maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes through population-based birth cohort studies, with a specific focus on real-word data. The 12 accepted articles covered a wide range of themes that can be addressed specifically through birth cohort study design; however, only three were based on real word data with record-linkage to health administrative databases. In particular, two papers have addressed the topic of socioeconomic status considering several indicators both at the individual and contextual level. Two papers focused on inflammatory bowel diseases, both as an outcome of perinatal and antibiotic exposure in early life and as a condition associated with asthma, among children identified in a birth cohort based on a Regional Medical Birth Register. Three articles focused on medication use during pregnancy and its impact on maternal and fetal health. The effect of exposure to prenatal environmental risk factors on perinatal and childhood outcomes has been considered in two papers. Two papers analyzed ad hoc nationwide prospective birth cohorts set in Japan and UK. Finally, we included a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate the relation between growth restriction at birth and congenital heart defects. We think that this Special Issue may contribute to enriching the discussion of future challenges, opportunities, strengths and limitations for all research topics that can be investigated using a population-based birth cohort study design.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Environmental Pollutants; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Japan; Pregnancy; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32717778
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155276 -
Cadernos de Saude Publica 2011
Topics: Aged; Aging; Brazil; Cohort Studies; Humans; Life Expectancy; Population Surveillance
PubMed: 21952852
DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2011001500001 -
Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences Jan 2019The first population-based cohort study in Uppsala with the aim to study cardiovascular disease was initiated in 1970 (ULSAM). This cohort of 2300 middle-aged men has... (Review)
Review
The first population-based cohort study in Uppsala with the aim to study cardiovascular disease was initiated in 1970 (ULSAM). This cohort of 2300 middle-aged men has since then been followed in a longitudinal fashion for almost 50 years. This study has been followed by the PIVUS study, investigating 1000 men and women at ages 70, 75, and 80. A very detailed examination has also been performed in 500 subjects aged 50 years, the POEM study. In recent years, a high-throughput study conducted in 13000 subjects has also been performed, named EpiHealth. Uppsala also collects data in 5,000 subjects in the nationwide SCAPIS study. Taken together, these cardiovascular-oriented studies constitute a very rich source for cardiovascular epidemiological research in Uppsala. This review summarizes the design of these studies and highlights some of the important results published based on data from these studies.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiology; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Data Collection; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Phenotype; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sweden
PubMed: 30278808
DOI: 10.1080/03009734.2018.1515282 -
BMJ Open Mar 2021A multicentre prospective cohort study, known as the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study (CPWCS), was established in 2017 to collect exposure data during pregnancy...
PURPOSE
A multicentre prospective cohort study, known as the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study (CPWCS), was established in 2017 to collect exposure data during pregnancy (except environmental exposure) and analyse the relationship between lifestyle during pregnancy and obstetric outcomes. Data about mothers and their children's life and health as well as children's laboratory testing will be collected during the offspring follow-up of CPWCS, which will enable us to further investigate the longitudinal relationship between exposure in different periods (during pregnancy and childhood) and children's development.
PARTICIPANTS
9193 pregnant women in 24 hospitals in China who were in their first trimester (5-13 weeks gestational age) from 25 July 2017 to 26 November 2018 were included in CPWCS by convenience sampling. Five hospitals in China which participated in CPWCS with good cooperation will be selected as the sample source for the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study (Offspring Follow-up) (CPWCS-OF).
FINDINGS TO DATE
Some factors affecting pregnancy outcomes and health problems during pregnancy have been discovered through data analysis. The details are discussed in the 'Findings to date' section.
FUTURE PLANS
Infants and children and their mothers who meet the criteria will be enrolled in the study and will be followed up every 2 years. The longitudinal relationship between exposure (questionnaire data, physical examination and biospecimens, medical records, and objective environmental data collected through geographical information system and remote sensing technology) in different periods (during pregnancy and childhood) and children's health (such as sleeping problem, oral health, bowel health and allergy-related health problems) will be analysed.
TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER
CPWCS was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 18 January 2018: NCT03403543. CPWCS-OF was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 24 June 2020: NCT04444791.
Topics: Child; China; Cohort Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 33757952
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044933 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Feb 2024The case-control design is one of the key designs used in observational research. In this review, we discuss common pitfalls of case-control studies and describe how... (Review)
Review
The case-control design is one of the key designs used in observational research. In this review, we discuss common pitfalls of case-control studies and describe how case-control studies can be critically evaluated. We further assert that a well-conducted case-control study provides the same results, precision, and level of evidence as a corresponding cohort study.
Topics: Humans; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies
PubMed: 38445330
DOI: 10.61409/V06230402 -
Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 2022Psychosocial assessment is a key component in evaluation for liver transplantation and may affect survival rates and outcomes.
BACKGROUND
Psychosocial assessment is a key component in evaluation for liver transplantation and may affect survival rates and outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of previous mental disorders and impulsivity on the 2-year surviving rate after liver transplantation.
METHODS
We performed a prospective cohort study assessing end-stage liver disease individuals with and without psychiatric comorbidities for 2 years post-transplant. Psychiatric diagnosis was carried out through Mini-Plus 5.0.0 and impulsivity by using Barratt Impulsiveness Scale in the pre-transplant phase. We followed patient's status for 2 years after transplantation. The main outcome was death. We used a logistic regression to evaluate the association of psychiatric comorbidities with death and performed a survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models.
RESULTS
Between June 2010 and July 2014, 93 out of 191 transplant candidates received transplants. From the 93 transplant patients, 21 had psychiatric comorbidities and 72 had not. 25 patients died during the study. The presence of psychiatric comorbidities (P=0.353) and high impulsivity (P=0.272) were not associated to 2-year post transplant death.
CONCLUSION
This study found no evidence that the presence of mental disorders and impulsivity worsened prognosis in post-liver transplantation.
Topics: Humans; Liver Transplantation; Cohort Studies; Prospective Studies; Mental Disorders; End Stage Liver Disease; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36515345
DOI: 10.1590/S0004-2803.202204000-88