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International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2019Chemotaxis is an important physiological adaptation that allows many motile bacteria to orientate themselves for better niche adaptation. Chemotaxis is best understood... (Review)
Review
Chemotaxis is an important physiological adaptation that allows many motile bacteria to orientate themselves for better niche adaptation. Chemotaxis is best understood in . Other representative bacteria, such as , species, , and , also have been deeply studied and systemically summarized. These bacteria belong to α-, γ-, ε-Proteobacteria, or Firmicutes. However, β-Proteobacteria, of which many members have been identified as holding chemotactic pathways, lack a summary of chemotaxis. , belonging to β-Proteobacteria, grows with and chemotactically responds to a range of aromatic compounds. This paper summarizes the latest research on chemotaxis towards aromatic compounds, mainly from investigations of and other species.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Chemotaxis; Comamonas testosteroni; Computational Biology; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 31159416
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112701 -
Environment International Aug 2023Antimony (Sb) is toxic to ecosystems and potentially to public health via its accumulation in the food chain. Bioavailability and toxicity of Sb have been reduced using...
Antimony (Sb) is toxic to ecosystems and potentially to public health via its accumulation in the food chain. Bioavailability and toxicity of Sb have been reduced using various methods for the remediation of Sb-contaminated soil in most studies. However, Sb-contaminated soil remediation by microbial agents has been rarely evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the potential for the use of Comamonas testosteroni JL40 in the bioremediation of Sb-contamination. Strain JL40 immobilized more than 30 % of the Sb(III) in solution and oxidized over 18 % to Sb(V) for detoxification. Meanwhile, strain JL40 responds to Sb toxicity through such as Sb efflux, intracellular accumulation, biofilm production, and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), etc. The results of the pot experiment showed the average Sb content of the brown rice was decreased by 59.1%, 38.8%, and 48.4%, for 1.8, 50, and 100 mg/kg Sb spiked soils, respectively. In addition, the results of plant, soil enzyme activity, and rice agronomic trait observations showed that the application of strain JL40 could maintain the health of plants and soil and improve rice production. The single-step and sequential extraction of Sb from rhizosphere soil showed that strain JL40 also plays a role in Sb immobilization and oxidation in the soil environment. During rice potted cultivation, bacterial community analysis and plate counting showed that the strain JL40 could still maintain 10 CFU/g after 30 days of inoculation. With phenotypic and differential proteomics analysis, strain JL40 conferred Sb(III) tolerance by a combination of immobilization, oxidation, efflux and scavenging of ROS, etc. Our study demonstrates the application of Sb-immobilizing and oxidizing bacteria to lower soil Sb and reduce accumulation of Sb in rice. Our results provide guidance for bacterial remediation of Sb-contaminated soil.
Topics: Soil; Antimony; Comamonas testosteroni; Biodegradation, Environmental; Ecosystem; Reactive Oxygen Species; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 37356310
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108040 -
The Science of the Total Environment Feb 2021Antimony, like arsenic, is a toxic metalloid widely distributed in the environment. Microbial detoxification of antimony has recently been identified. Here we describe a...
Antimony, like arsenic, is a toxic metalloid widely distributed in the environment. Microbial detoxification of antimony has recently been identified. Here we describe a novel bacterial P-type antimonite (Sb(III))-translocating ATPase from the antimony-mining bacterium Comamonas testosterone JL40 that confers resistance to Sb(III). In a comparative proteomics analysis of strain JL40, an operon (ant operon) was up-regulated by Sb(III). The ant operon includes three genes, antR, antC and antA. AntR belongs to the ArsR/SmtB family of metalloregulatory proteins that regulates expression of the ant operon. AntA belongs to the P family of the P-type cation-translocating ATPases. It has both similarities to and differences from other members of the P subfamily and appears to be the first identified member of a distinct subfamily that we designate P. Expression AntA in E. coli AW3110 (Δars) conferred resistance to Sb(III) and reduced the intracellular concentration of Sb(III) but not As(III) or other metals. Everted membrane vesicles from cells expressing antA accumulated Sb(III) but not As(III), where uptake in everted vesicles reflects efflux from cells. AntC is a small protein with a potential Sb(III) binding site, and co-expression of AntC with AntA increased resistance to Sb(III). We propose that AntC functions as an Sb(III) chaperone to AntA, augmenting Sb(III) efflux. The identification of a novel Sb(III)-translocating ATPase enhances our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of environmental antimony by bacteria.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Antimony; Comamonas testosteroni; Escherichia coli; P-type ATPases
PubMed: 33254899
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142393 -
MBio Dec 2021Gluconeogenic carbon metabolism is not well understood, especially within the context of flux partitioning between energy generation and biomass production, despite the...
Gluconeogenic carbon metabolism is not well understood, especially within the context of flux partitioning between energy generation and biomass production, despite the importance of gluconeogenic carbon substrates in natural and engineered carbon processing. Here, using multiple omics approaches, we elucidate the metabolic mechanisms that facilitate gluconeogenic fast-growth phenotypes in Pseudomonas putida and Comamonas testosteroni, two species with distinct metabolic networks. In contrast to the genetic constraint of , which lacks the enzymes required for both sugar uptake and a complete oxidative pentose phosphate (PP) pathway, sugar metabolism in P. putida is known to generate surplus NADPH by relying on the oxidative PP pathway within its characteristic cyclic connection between the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) and Embden-Meyerhoff-Parnas (EMP) pathways. Remarkably, similar to the genome-based metabolic decoupling in , our C-fluxomics reveals an inactive oxidative PP pathway and disconnected EMP and ED pathways in P. putida during gluconeogenic feeding, thus requiring transhydrogenase reactions to supply NADPH for anabolism in both species by leveraging the high tricarboxylic acid cycle flux during gluconeogenic growth. Furthermore, metabolomics and proteomics analyses of both species during gluconeogenic feeding, relative to glycolytic feeding, demonstrate a 5-fold depletion in phosphorylated metabolites and the absence of or up to a 17-fold decrease in proteins of the PP and ED pathways. Such metabolic remodeling, which is reportedly lacking in Escherichia coli exhibiting a gluconeogenic slow-growth phenotype, may serve to minimize futile carbon cycling while favoring the gluconeogenic metabolic regime in relevant proteobacterial species. Glycolytic metabolism of sugars is extensively studied in the , but gluconeogenic carbon sources (e.g., organic acids, amino acids, aromatics) that feed into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are widely reported to produce a fast-growth phenotype, particularly in species with biotechnological relevance. Much remains unknown about the importance of glycolysis-associated pathways in the metabolism of gluconeogenic carbon substrates. Here, we demonstrate that two distinct proteobacterial species, through genetic constraints or metabolic regulation at specific metabolic nodes, bypass the oxidative PP pathway during gluconeogenic growth and avoid unnecessary carbon fluxes by depleting protein investment into connected glycolysis pathways. Both species can leverage instead the high TCA cycle flux during gluconeogenic feeding to meet NADPH demand. Importantly, lack of a complete oxidative pentose phosphate pathway is a widespread metabolic trait in with a gluconeogenic carbon preference, thus highlighting the important relevance of our findings toward elucidating the metabolic architecture in these bacteria.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Carbon; Comamonas testosteroni; Gluconeogenesis; Glycolysis; Metabolomics; NADP; Pentose Phosphate Pathway; Pseudomonas putida
PubMed: 34903058
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03259-21 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2021They were shifting in land use increases salinity stress, significant abiotic stress affecting plant growth, limiting crop productivity. This work aimed to improve L....
They were shifting in land use increases salinity stress, significant abiotic stress affecting plant growth, limiting crop productivity. This work aimed to improve L. (linseed) growth under salinity using and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs were fabricated exploiting and monitored by U.V./Vis spectrophotometry scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Photosynthetic pigments, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants of linseed were investigated under salt stress in treated and untreated plants with alongside AgNPs. Our findings recorded the formation of AgNPs at 457 nm, which were globular and with a diameter of 75 nm. Notably, chlorophyll-a, b, and total chlorophyll reduction while enhanced carotenoids and anthocyanin contents were attained under salinity stress. Total dissoluble sugars, proline, and dissoluble proteins, HO, malondialdehyde, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants were significantly elevated in NaCl well. Combined AgNPs and elevated photosynthetic pigments. Also, they led to the mounting of soluble sugars, proline, and soluble proteins. HO and malondialdehyde decreased while enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants increased in response to AgNPs, and their combination. Thus, AgNPs and might bio-fertilizers to improve linseed crop productivity under salinity stress.
PubMed: 33923824
DOI: 10.3390/plants10040790 -
3 Biotech Sep 2021In this work, JLU460ET isolated from animal waste was confirmed to have great degradation capability for 17β-estradiol and testosterone. This bacterium could degrade...
In this work, JLU460ET isolated from animal waste was confirmed to have great degradation capability for 17β-estradiol and testosterone. This bacterium could degrade nearly 90% of 17β-estradiol (5 mg L) in 4 days and transform it into estrone for further degradation. One hundred percent testosterone (144 mg L) could be completely degraded after 9 h of incubation. This is the first report of strains with the ability to degrade both estrogens and testosterone. The whole genome sequence of JLU460ET was obtained and annotated, containing one chromosome (5,497,097 bp) with 61.37% GC content. A total of 4805 protein-coding genes and 134 RNA genes (including 29 rRNA genes, 102 tRNA genes and three ncRNA genes) were identified. Furthermore, the complete genome sequence of JLU460ET was compared with four other strains. Altogether, these five strains contain 3508 core genes and 7616 pan genes. A steroid degradation pathway including 11 steroid degradation genes exists in core genes of five strains. Twenty-two steroid degradation genes were found in the JLU460ET genome, which has the most reported steroid degradation genes among the five genomes. Further functional genomic analysis identified a gene cluster responsible for testosterone degradation in JLU460ET, as well as a gene encoding 17β-HSD, the key enzyme for transforming 17β-estradiol into estrone. This work could enrich the genome sources of steroid-degrading strains and promote the study of steroid-degradation mechanism in bacteria.
PubMed: 34458066
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02949-8 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022The species of is the most common human pathogen of the genus, which can be associated with acute appendicitis, infections of the bloodstream, the peritoneal cavity,...
The species of is the most common human pathogen of the genus, which can be associated with acute appendicitis, infections of the bloodstream, the peritoneal cavity, cerebrospinal fluid, inflammatory bowel disease, and in general, bacteremia. According to the literature, has destructive activity to a wide range of toxic chemical compounds, including chlorobenzenes. The specified strains were isolated from the soil of the organochlorine waste landfill, where hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was predominant. These strains were expected to be capable of degrading HCB. Microbiological (bacterial enrichment and cultivating, bacterial biomass obtaining), molecular biology, biochemical (enzymatic activities, malondialdehyde measuring, peroxidation lipid products measuring), and statistical methods were carried out in this research. The reaction of both strains (UCM B-400 and UCM B-401) to the hexachlorobenzene presence differed in the content of diene and triene conjugates and malondialdehyde, as well as different catalase and peroxidase activity levels. In terms of primary peroxidation products, diene conjugates were lower, except conditions with 20 mg/L HCB, where these were higher up to two times, than the pure control. Malondialdehyde in strain B-400 cells decreased up to five times, in B-401, but increased up to two times, compared to the pure control. Schiff bases in strain B-400 cells were 2-3 times lower than the pure control. However, in B-401 cells Schiff bases under higher HCB dose were in the same level with the pure control. Catalase activity was 1.5 times higher in all experimental variants, compared to the pure control (in the strain B-401 cells), but in the B-400 strain, cells were 2 times lower, compared to the pure control. The response of the two strains to hexachlorobenzene was similar only in peroxidase activity terms, which was slightly higher compared to the pure control. The physiological response of strains to hexachlorobenzene has a typical strain reaction. The physiological response level of these strains to hexachlorobenzene confirms its tolerance, and indirectly, the ability to destroy the specified toxic compound.
Topics: Antioxidants; Catalase; Chlorobenzenes; Comamonas testosteroni; Hexachlorobenzene; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipids; Malondialdehyde; Schiff Bases; Soil
PubMed: 36232717
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911415 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Strain JLU460ET was isolated for testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol degradation by our group. In this study, strain JLU460ET was induced by testosterone and 17...
Strain JLU460ET was isolated for testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol degradation by our group. In this study, strain JLU460ET was induced by testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol and then subjected to transcriptome analysis. There were 2,047 upregulated genes after 3 h of testosterone induction, 2,040 upregulated genes after 13 h of testosterone induction, 2,078 upregulated genes after 3 h of 17 beta-estradiol induction, and 2,095 upregulated genes after 13 h of 17 beta-estradiol induction. Significantly upregulated genes were mainly involved in steroid and aromatic compound degradation. A 100 kb steroid-degrading gene cluster was found by transcriptome analysis, which included 92 annotated genes and 58 novel genes. Among them, MucB/RseB and Fiu are secretory proteins for sensing substrates in the environment. MFS-1 and TonB are transporters of testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol. Ring-cleavage enzymes and beta-oxidation enzymes are important for degradation. The genes upregulated by both substrates were almost the same, but the degree of induction by testosterone was higher than that by 17 beta-estradiol. Nine upregulated genes were selected for verification by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The qRT-PCR results were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. In this study, the common and unique metabolic mechanisms of testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol were compared by transcriptome analysis in JLU460ET for the first time.
PubMed: 37954242
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1238855 -
Case Reports in Medicine 2014Comamonas spp. are uncommon isolates in microbiology laboratories and have been rarely observed as an infectious agent in clinical practice. They have widespread...
Comamonas spp. are uncommon isolates in microbiology laboratories and have been rarely observed as an infectious agent in clinical practice. They have widespread environmental distribution and have been isolated from water, soil, and plants as well as from some hospital devices such as intravenous catheters and water contained in humidifier reservoirs used in respiratory treatment. The genus Comamonas originally contained the following species: acidovorans, testosteroni, kerstersii, terrigena, denitrificans, and nitrativorans. It now contains 17 species, while acidovorans spp. have been reclassified as Delftia acidovorans. In spite of its uncommon human pathogenesis, there are few reports on the aggressive manner of it as an opportunistic pathogen, mostly related to testosteroni spp. We present a case of polymicrobial bacteremia involving Comamonas testosteroni. The aim of this case report is to alert clinicians to the potential diagnosis of bloodstream infections caused by uncommon pathogens.
PubMed: 25614744
DOI: 10.1155/2014/578127 -
BMC Genomics Feb 2015Members of Comamonas testosteroni are environmental microorganisms that are usually found in polluted environment samples. They utilize steroids and aromatic compounds...
BACKGROUND
Members of Comamonas testosteroni are environmental microorganisms that are usually found in polluted environment samples. They utilize steroids and aromatic compounds but rarely sugars, and show resistance to multiple heavy metals and multiple drugs. However, comprehensive genomic analysis among the C. testosteroni strains is lacked.
RESULTS
To understand the genome bases of the features of C. testosteroni, we sequenced 10 strains of this species and analyzed them together with other related published genome sequences. The results revealed that: 1) the strains of C. testosteroni have genome sizes ranging from 5.1 to 6.0 Mb and G + C contents ranging from 61.1% to 61.8%. The pan-genome contained 10,165 gene families and the core genome contained 3,599 gene families. Heap's law analysis indicated that the pan-genome of C. testosteroni may be open (α = 0.639); 2) by analyzing 31 phenotypes of 11 available C. testosteroni strains, 99.4% of the genotypes (putative genes) were found to be correlated to the phenotypes, indicating a high correlation between phenotypes and genotypes; 3) gene clusters for nitrate reduction, steroids degradation and metal and multi-drug resistance were found and were highly conserved among all the genomes of this species; 4) the genome similarity of C. testosteroni may be related to the geographical distances.
CONCLUSIONS
This work provided an overview on the genomes of C. testosteroni and new genome resources that would accelerate the further investigations of this species. Importantly, this work focused on the analysis of potential genetic determinants for the typical characters and found high correlation between the phenotypes and their corresponding genotypes.
Topics: Base Sequence; Comamonas testosteroni; Environment; Genetic Association Studies; Genome, Bacterial
PubMed: 25766446
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1314-x