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Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2014Human papillomaviruses are DNA viruses that infect skin or mucosal cells. In the genital tract HPV (especially types 6 and 11) cause genital warts, the commonest viral... (Review)
Review
Human papillomaviruses are DNA viruses that infect skin or mucosal cells. In the genital tract HPV (especially types 6 and 11) cause genital warts, the commonest viral sexually transmitted disease. At least 13 of the more than 100 known HPV genotypes are oncogenic "high-risk" genotypes. The 2 most common of these (genotypes 16 and 18) cause approximately 70% of all cervical cancers. Oncogenic HPVs particularly HPV 16 are associated with other anogenital cancers, anus, vagina, vulva and penis, and cancers of the head and neck and current estimates are that 5.2% of all cancers are HPV associated. In industrialised countries cervical cancer is controlled by secondary intervention other HPV associated malignancies are increasing in incidence and the burden of HPV associated disease in men is now comparable to that in women in economically developed countries. Randomized control trials with the quadrivalent HPV VLP vaccine demonstrate robust antibody responses and high efficacy against genital warts anal precancers in men. Few countries have recommended male vaccination on the basis that this is not cost effective. However gender-neutral vaccination has been recommended in the USA, Canada, Austria, and Australia. Careful cost effective modeling has preceded these decisions showing that when the burden of disease in men is included in the models then, depending upon coverage, vaccine price, and other factors male vaccination can become cost effective.
Topics: Anus Neoplasms; Condylomata Acuminata; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Developed Countries; Humans; Male; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Vaccination
PubMed: 25424825
DOI: 10.4161/hv.29137 -
American Family Physician Dec 2004Genital warts caused by human papillomavirus infection are encountered commonly in primary care. Evidence guiding treatment selection is limited, but treatment... (Review)
Review
Genital warts caused by human papillomavirus infection are encountered commonly in primary care. Evidence guiding treatment selection is limited, but treatment guidelines recently have changed. Biopsy, viral typing, acetowhite staining, and other diagnostic measures are not routinely required. The goal of treatment is clearance of visible warts; some evidence exists that treatment reduces infectivity, but there is no evidence that treatment reduces the incidence of cervical and genital cancer. The choice of therapy is based on the number, size, site, and morphology of lesions, as well as patient preferences, cost, convenience, adverse effects, and clinician experience. Patient-applied therapy such as imiquimod cream or podofilox is increasingly recommended. Podofilox, imiquimod, surgical excision, and cryotherapy are the most convenient and effective options. Fluorouracil and interferon are no longer recommended for routine use. The cost per successful treatment course is approximately dollars 200 to dollars 300 for podofilox, cryotherapy, electrodesiccation, surgical excision, laser treatment, and the loop electrosurgical excision procedure.
Topics: Algorithms; Aminoquinolines; Condylomata Acuminata; Cryotherapy; Decision Trees; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrosurgery; Evidence-Based Medicine; Family Practice; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Imiquimod; Keratolytic Agents; Laser Therapy; Male; Patient Selection; Podophyllotoxin; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Primary Health Care; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 15617297
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2017
Topics: Condylomata Acuminata; Humans; Male; Penile Neoplasms; Penis; Young Adult
PubMed: 27647354
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.190869 -
The American Surgeon Dec 2023Giant condyloma acuminata (GCA), or Buschke-Löwenstein tumor, is a rare exophytic cauliflower-like growth in the anogenital region. The spectrum of treatment options is...
Giant condyloma acuminata (GCA), or Buschke-Löwenstein tumor, is a rare exophytic cauliflower-like growth in the anogenital region. The spectrum of treatment options is wide, ranging from the application of topical ointments to the performance of an abdominoperineal resection. Currently, wide local excision is the most common approach and may entail the creation of a protective loop ileostomy or implementation of flaps or grafts that facilitate closure. We describe a unique surgical approach for the management of circumferential GCA void of the use a protective loop ileostomy, flaps, or grafts. Our report highlights that the implementation of a radical, circumferential, wide excision resulting in "free-floating anus" and healing via secondary intention can ultimately lead to excellent functional and cosmetic results and therefore may be considered a minimally invasive surgical option for patients afflicted with a large, circumferential GCA.
Topics: Humans; Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor; Anal Canal; Condylomata Acuminata; Anus Neoplasms; Surgical Flaps; Margins of Excision
PubMed: 37674401
DOI: 10.1177/00031348231199173 -
Skin Therapy Letter Sep 2011Human papillomavirus (HPV) has a predilection for infecting epidermal and mucosal surfaces such as those of the anogenital region. HPV causes substantial pre-malignant,... (Review)
Review
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has a predilection for infecting epidermal and mucosal surfaces such as those of the anogenital region. HPV causes substantial pre-malignant, malignant, and benign disease in both women and men, ranging from cervical, vulvar, penile, and anal cancers to condyloma acuminata (genital warts). Although HPV vaccination is becoming more common, infection rates remain high in both genders. Perception of HPV vaccine has largely centered on its ability to prevent cervical cancer in women, though indication for its use in men is expanding. The benefits to men include prevention of genital warts and, more recently, regulatory approval was expanded in the US for prevention of anal cancer. Herein, we review HPV vaccine with a focus on its new indication in men and existing controversies.
Topics: Condylomata Acuminata; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines
PubMed: 22089414
DOI: No ID Found -
Antiviral Research Apr 1989HPV infection of the genital tract is common and anogenital warts or condyloma acuminatum is increasing rapidly in incidence. In addition, certain HPV types are closely... (Review)
Review
HPV infection of the genital tract is common and anogenital warts or condyloma acuminatum is increasing rapidly in incidence. In addition, certain HPV types are closely associated with genital tract malignancies. Although recent advances in molecular biology have led to an increased understanding of the organization and functions of the papillomavirus genome, the pathogenesis of HPV infections and host responses to these diseases remain poorly understood. Treatment of anogenital warts is difficult and no completely satisfactory treatment modality is currently available. Comparatively few therapeutic modalities have been thoroughly evaluated, although recent studies of intralesionally and parenterally administered interferons have demonstrated beneficial effects of interferon compared to placebo. Additional studies of treatment for condyloma acuminatum are needed and should include the use of biologic response modifiers such as interferons, as well as antiviral drugs, with or without conventional methods of local therapy.
Topics: Anus Diseases; Combined Modality Therapy; Condylomata Acuminata; Female; Humans; Male; Papillomaviridae; Tumor Virus Infections; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 2544136
DOI: 10.1016/0166-3542(89)90022-3 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Jul 2013To summarize and determine the appropriate use for the new and old management tools for genital warts. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To summarize and determine the appropriate use for the new and old management tools for genital warts.
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ACP Journal Club, and Trip. The bibliographies of retrieved papers were also reviewed. Clinical trials, qualitative review articles, consensus reports, and clinical practice guidelines were retrieved.
MAIN MESSAGE
Symptomatic warts are prevalent in at least 1% of the population between the ages of 15 and 49, with estimates of up to 50% of the population being infected with human papillomavirus at some point in their lifetime. Imiquimod and podophyllotoxin are 2 new treatments for external genital warts that are less painful and can be applied by patients at home. In addition, the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine has been shown to be efficacious in preventing genital warts and cervical cancer. There is still a role for the older treatment methods in certain situations, such as intravaginal, urethral, anal, or recalcitrant warts; or for pregnant patients.
CONCLUSION
The new treatments of external genital warts can reduce the pain of treatment and the number of office visits. Other treatment methods are still useful in certain situations.
Topics: Aminoquinolines; Clinical Protocols; Condylomata Acuminata; Female; Humans; Imiquimod; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Podophyllotoxin; Pregnancy; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 23851535
DOI: No ID Found -
Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E... Jun 2020Anogenital warts (AGWs) are an important issue for public health centers dealing with Sexually Transmitted Infections. They are epidemiologically relevant, with... (Review)
Review
Anogenital warts (AGWs) are an important issue for public health centers dealing with Sexually Transmitted Infections. They are epidemiologically relevant, with significant morbidity and an established effective treatment is lacking. In this article, we examine the epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspect of the problem in order to give an up to date picture of the situation and a practical clue for the management of AGWs.
Topics: Condylomata Acuminata; Humans; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 30251804
DOI: 10.23736/S0392-0488.18.06125-4 -
Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina,... Sep 2011Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small DNA viruses of the papovavirus family, with more than 100 types already described. Their importance in human disease cannot be... (Review)
Review
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small DNA viruses of the papovavirus family, with more than 100 types already described. Their importance in human disease cannot be overemphasized because these agents are among the most common pathogens in cutaneous infectious diseases and are very important in a subset of predominantly, but not exclusively, genital squamous-cell carcinomas. HPVs can be associated with a variety of cutaneous as well as mucosal manifestations. Some types of HPVs are associated with increased risk of epithelial malignancies; these have been divided into low-risk and high-risk types based on their oncogenic potential. Clinical and histological features of HPV infection vary according to individual susceptibility (e.g., immunosuppressed patients), site of involvement, and type of HPV implicated. The histological features of HPV infection are very easy to identify on sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. However, many findings usually associated with HPV infection are entirely non-specific. Additional current diagnostic methods for identification of HPV in tissues include techniques based on the detection of viral DNA; namely, in-situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This article reviews the main clinical and histopathological cutaneous manifestations of HPV infection, including common warts, plantar warts, plane warts, condyloma acuminatum, Bowenoid papulosis, and epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Emphasis is placed on the clinical and histological features of these various manifestations, including a brief discussion about the routinely used laboratory methods for detecting HPV in tissues.
Topics: Carcinoma in Situ; Condylomata Acuminata; Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis; Humans; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Skin Diseases; Warts
PubMed: 22131115
DOI: No ID Found -
Dermatology Online Journal May 2007
Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Aminoquinolines; Condylomata Acuminata; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Follow-Up Studies; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Imiquimod; Male; Risk Assessment; Vitiligo
PubMed: 17498429
DOI: No ID Found