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Frontiers in Public Health 2021Nurses caring for patients who contract coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have experienced significant traumas in the form of increased workloads, negative patient... (Review)
Review
Nurses caring for patients who contract coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have experienced significant traumas in the form of increased workloads, negative patient outcomes, and less social support system access. Nurses should be provided with information regarding early detection, coping skills and treatment for anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS)/post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and other mental health disorders. Early intervention is important as mental health disorders can cause dysfunction, internal suffering, and in the most extreme situations, lead to death if not properly cared for. Healthcare corporations should consider providing coverage for mental health treatment for employees who experience COVID-19 traumas. With the implementation of healthy coping skills and therapeutic intervention, nurses will be able to let go of the negative impacts that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused and reintegrate into their roles as caring and entrusted health care providers. The current paper evaluates the mental health disorders encountered by nurses in the COVID-19 era based on the current medical literature and aims to provide practical coping strategies.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; COVID-19; Humans; Mental Health; Nurses; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34765579
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.707358 -
BMC Psychology Jul 2018Wellbeing and resilience are essential in preventing and reducing the severity of mental health problems. Equipping children with coping skills and protective behavior... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Wellbeing and resilience are essential in preventing and reducing the severity of mental health problems. Equipping children with coping skills and protective behavior can help them react positively to change and obstacles in life, allowing greater mental, social and academic success. This systematic review studies the implementation and evaluation of universal, resilience-focused mental health promotion programs based in primary schools.
METHODS
A systematic review of literature used five primary databases: PsycINFO; Web of Science; PubMed; Medline; Embase and The Cochrane Library; and keywords related to (a) health education, health promotion, mental health, mental health promotion, social and emotional wellbeing; (b) school health service, student, schools, whole-school; (c) adolescent, child, school child, pre-adolescent; (d) emotional intelligence, coping behavior, emotional adjustment, resilienc*, problem solving, to identify relevant articles. Articles included featured programs that were universally implemented in a primary school setting and focused on teaching of skills, including coping skills, help-seeking behaviors, stress management, and mindfulness, and were aimed at the overall goal of increasing resilience among students.
RESULTS
Of 3087 peer-reviewed articles initially identified, 475 articles were further evaluated with 11 reports on evaluations of 7 school-based mental health promotion programs meeting the inclusion criteria. Evaluation tools used in program evaluation are also reviewed, with successful trends in evaluations discussed. Encouraging results were seen when the program was delivered by teachers within the schools. Length of programing did not seem important to outcomes. Across all 7 programs, few long-term sustained effects were recorded following program completion.
CONCLUSIONS
This review provides evidence that mental health promotion programs that focus on resilience and coping skills have positive impacts on the students' ability to manage daily stressors.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Child; Health Promotion; Humans; Mental Health; Program Evaluation; Resilience, Psychological; School Health Services; Students
PubMed: 29976252
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-018-0242-3 -
BMC Psychology Apr 2021Coping strategies play a key role in modulating the physical and psychological burden on caregivers of stroke patients. The present study aimed to determine the...
BACKGROUND
Coping strategies play a key role in modulating the physical and psychological burden on caregivers of stroke patients. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between the severity of burden of care and coping strategies amongst a sample of Iranian caregivers of older stroke patients. It also aimed to examine the differences of coping strategies used by male and female caregivers.
METHODS
A total of 110 caregivers of older patients who previously had a stroke participated in this descriptive and cross-sectional study. The Zarit Burden Interview and Lazarus coping strategies questionnaires were used for data collection. Questionnaires were completed by the caregivers, who were selected using convenience sampling. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlations and independent t-tests.
RESULTS
The mean age of participants was 32.09 ± 8.70 years. The majority of the caregivers sampled reported mild to moderate (n = 74, 67.3%) burden. The most commonly used coping strategies reported were positive reappraisal and seeking social support. Results of the independent t-test showed that male caregivers used the positive reappraisal strategy (t(110) = 2.76; p = 0.007) and accepting responsibility (t(110) = 2.26; p = 0.026) significantly more than female caregivers. Pearson's correlations showed a significant positive correlation between caregiver burden and emotional-focused strategies, including escaping (r = 0.245, p = 0.010) and distancing (r = 0.204, p = 0.032).
CONCLUSIONS
Caregivers with higher burden of care used more negative coping strategies, such as escape-avoidance and distancing. In order to encourage caregivers to utilize effective coping skills, appropriate programs should be designed and implemented to support caregivers. Use of effective coping skills to reduce the level of personal burden can improve caregiver physical health and psychological well-being.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Caregiver Burden; Caregivers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Iran; Male; Stroke; Young Adult
PubMed: 33794995
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00556-z -
South African Family Practice :... Dec 2023Burnout among doctors has been linked with decreased quality of patient care. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the need to protect doctors'...
BACKGROUND
Burnout among doctors has been linked with decreased quality of patient care. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the need to protect doctors' mental health and well-being. This study aimed to investigate burnout, resilience and coping strategies among registrars in the MMed programme of the University of the Free State (UFS) in 2020.
METHODS
In this quantitative, cross-sectional study, a link to an online anonymous self-administered questionnaire with socio-demographic questions, perceived stress, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Brief Cope was emailed to all 278 registrars.
RESULTS
Sixty registrars responded (response rate 21.6%). More than half (55.0%) were male and 73.3% were married. There were 28.3% second- and third-year students, respectively. Most (58.3%) had 5-10 years' work experience. The CBI personal scale had the highest median value (58.3; interquartile range [IQR]: 43.3; 70.8) with 70% scoring ≥ 50. The median score for resilience was 78 of 100 (IQR: 69; 84). There were weak negative correlations between resilience and burnout scores (r = -0.31 to r = -0.37). Planning, positive reframing and acceptance were the most frequently used adaptive coping mechanisms; self-distraction was the most frequently used maladaptive coping mechanism. There was no association between gender and burnout and resilience scores.
CONCLUSION
Registrars were resilient with low levels of patient- and work-related burnout, and higher personal burnout, using mostly positive coping strategies.Contribution: This study gives insight into the well-being of registrars at the UFS during COVID-19. Continuous monitoring and support for this population are essential to foster mental health and well-being.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Resilience, Psychological; Coping Skills; Adaptation, Psychological; Cross-Sectional Studies; Burnout, Professional; COVID-19
PubMed: 38112018
DOI: 10.4102/safp.v65i1.5788 -
Health Psychology Review 2014Extensive evidence documents that prenatal maternal stress predicts a variety of adverse physical and psychological health outcomes for the mother and baby. However, the... (Review)
Review
Extensive evidence documents that prenatal maternal stress predicts a variety of adverse physical and psychological health outcomes for the mother and baby. However, the importance of the ways that women cope with stress during pregnancy is less clear. We conducted a systematic review of the English-language literature on coping behaviours and coping styles in pregnancy using PsycInfo and PubMed to identify 45 cross-sectional and longitudinal studies involving 16,060 participants published between January 1990 and June 2012. Although results were often inconsistent across studies, the literature provides some evidence that avoidant coping behaviours or styles and poor coping skills in general are associated with postpartum depression, preterm birth and infant development. Variability in study methods including differences in sample characteristics, timing of assessments, outcome variables and measures of coping styles or behaviours may explain the lack of consistent associations. To advance the scientific study of coping in pregnancy, we call attention to the need for a priori hypotheses and greater use of pregnancy-specific, daily process, and skills-based approaches. There is promise in continuing this area of research, particularly in the possible translation of consistent findings to effective interventions, but only if the conceptual basis and methodological quality of research improve.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Care; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 24489596
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2012.752659 -
The South African Journal of Psychiatry... 2020Medical studies place students at risk for burnout. Resilience enables students to cope with adversity. Students' coping skills will ensure the well-being of future...
BACKGROUND
Medical studies place students at risk for burnout. Resilience enables students to cope with adversity. Students' coping skills will ensure the well-being of future healthcare professisonals.
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated resilience and coping among undergraduate medical students.
SETTING
Undergraduate students at the University of the Free State medical school.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was performed. Quantitative data regarding resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale), coping strategies (Brief COPE questionnaire) and relevant information were collected by means of an anonymous self-administered questionnaire.
RESULTS
Five hundred students (pre-clinical = 270; clinical = 230; approximately 62% female) participated. Most students self-reported high resilience (84.6% pre-clinical; 91.8% clinical). Mean resilience scores were 72.5 (pre-clinical) and 75.4 (clinical). Clinical students had higher resilience scores, while black, pre-clinical, first-generation and female students scored lower.Academic stress was most prominent (> 85%) and associated with lower resilience scores. Most students used adaptive coping strategies (e.g. instrumental or emotional support) associated with significantly increased resilience scores. Students who used dysfunctional strategies (e.g. substance abuse) had significantly lower resilience scores.
CONCLUSION
Associations between resilience scores and year of study, gender, ethnicity, levels and type of stress varied. Academic pressure was a major source of stress. Adaptive coping strategies were associated with higher resilience scores.
PubMed: 32832128
DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v26i0.1471 -
Scandinavian Journal of Pain Jan 2024The aim of this study is to compare the use of pain coping strategies and pain catastrophizing in youth with and without cerebral palsy (CP), and to examine how these... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to compare the use of pain coping strategies and pain catastrophizing in youth with and without cerebral palsy (CP), and to examine how these two groups differ with respect to the associations between pain coping, catastrophizing, and measures of psychological function and sleep disturbance.
METHODS
Twenty-seven individuals with CP and 49 healthy controls aged 15-22 were included in this cross-sectional observational study. Pain was assessed using a semi-structured interviews and participants completed measures of pain coping, pain catastrophizing, psychological function, and sleep.
RESULTS
Youth with CP used information seeking and problem solving ( = 0.003, Cohen's () = -0.80) and sought social support ( = 0.044, = -0.51) less often, and used internalizing as a coping strategy more often ( = 0.045, = 0.59) than healthy controls. The use of information seeking and problem solving correlated more strongly with measures of depression ( = 0.023, Cohen's () 0.08) and sleep disturbance ( = 0.022, 0.08), while behavioral distraction correlated more strongly with measures of anxiety ( = 0.006, 0.11) and sleep disturbance ( = 0.017, 0.09) in youth with CP, compared to healthy controls.
CONCLUSIONS
The study findings raise the possibility that youth with CP may benefit more in terms of psychological function and sleep quality from coping training interventions that focus on behavioral distraction, information seeking, and problem solving. Research to test these ideas in additional samples of youth with CP is warranted.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Catastrophization; Cerebral Palsy; Coping Skills; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pain; Sleep Wake Disorders; Young Adult
PubMed: 38451484
DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2023-0062 -
BMC Psychiatry Jun 2022Child maltreatment is a prevalent and notable problem in rural China, and the prevalence and severity of depression in rural areas are higher than the national norm....
BACKGROUND
Child maltreatment is a prevalent and notable problem in rural China, and the prevalence and severity of depression in rural areas are higher than the national norm. Several studies have found that loneliness and coping skills respectively mediated the relationship between child maltreatment and depression. However, few studies have examined the roles of loneliness and coping skills in child maltreatment and depression based on gender differences.
METHODS
All participants were from rural communities aged more than 18 years in Shandong province, and 879 valid samples (female:63.4%) ranging in age from 18 to 91 years old were analyzed. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D), the Simple Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), and the Emotional and Social Loneliness Scale (ESLS) were used to evaluate child maltreatment, depression, coping skills and loneliness.
RESULTS
Child maltreatment was more common and severe in males than females (F = 3.99; p < 0.05). Loneliness and coping skills partially mediated the relationship between child maltreatment and depression in males, but loneliness fully mediated the relationship between child maltreatment and depression in females.
CONCLUSION
In this study, males were more likely to experience child maltreatment. Child maltreatment and depression were correlated. We also found a mediating role of loneliness and coping skills for males and a mediating role of loneliness in females.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child Abuse; Depression; Female; Humans; Loneliness; Male; Middle Aged; Rural Population; Young Adult
PubMed: 35729560
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04056-1 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022The current study compared the level of proactive coping and social-emotional adjustment of students with and without learning disabilities. In addition to the...
The current study compared the level of proactive coping and social-emotional adjustment of students with and without learning disabilities. In addition to the relationship, influence of proactive coping on social-emotional adjustment of students with and without learning disabilities was also explored. Using a multistage random sampling method researcher selected students with and without learning disabilities in the age group of 15-17 years; each group consists of 150 participants from different high schools in Kerala. The instruments employed in this study were the Proactive Coping Inventory and the Adjustment Inventory for School Students-AISS. Correlation, -test, and regression analysis were used to analyses the data. The students with learning disabilities have found to have lower levels of proactive coping and social emotional adjustment than those without learning disabilities. Further, a positive correlation between social emotional adjustment and proactive coping was also observed. The regression analysis has revealed that proactive coping of students with and without learning disabilities was significantly predicting their adjustment. As students with learning disabilities showing lower proactive coping skills, the study emphasizes the need to enhance proactive coping among students with learning disabilities. Improving proactive coping in both students with and without learning disabilities may help to mitigate social emotional adjustment issues.
PubMed: 36275264
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.949708 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2021The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to pronounced health changes, especially for those infected and psychologically burdened. This cross-sectional study examined the stress...
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to pronounced health changes, especially for those infected and psychologically burdened. This cross-sectional study examined the stress experience and coping strategies during home isolation of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and analyzed differences regarding psychological burden. SARS-CoV-2 infected respondents were recruited by telephone and completed an online survey during their home isolation. This questionnaire assessed sociodemographic aspects, somatic factors, psychological burden (depressive symptoms, anxiety, and somatic symptom disorder), perceived stress and coping behavior during the home isolation. Out of 838 SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals during the study period, 648 were contacted and 224 home-isolated respondents were included in the study. Disgrace, social restrictions, job fear, health concerns, and infectiousness could be explored as stressors during the home isolation. Fifty-four percent experienced psychological burden. SARS-CoV-2 infected and home-isolated individuals with psychological burden perceived significant stressors more strongly ( < 0.001, = 0.5) and coped significantly less ( < 0.001, = 0.3) with their infection and home isolation compared to SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals without psychological burden. SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals with psychological burden experienced higher stressors and were unable to cope adaptively with home isolation. Therefore, a general and standardized screening procedure for psychological burden should be established. SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals with psychological burden should receive targeted support with professional help in the areas of stress experience and coping skills during their home isolation and beyond to avoid long-term consequences.
PubMed: 34880791
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.748244