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Science (New York, N.Y.) Sep 2014The small number of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in cord blood units limits their widespread use in human transplant protocols. We identified a family of...
The small number of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in cord blood units limits their widespread use in human transplant protocols. We identified a family of chemically related small molecules that stimulates the expansion ex vivo of human cord blood cells capable of reconstituting human hematopoiesis for at least 6 months in immunocompromised mice. The potent activity of these newly identified compounds, UM171 being the prototype, is independent of suppression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which targets cells with more-limited regenerative potential. The properties of UM171 make it a potential candidate for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy.
Topics: Animals; Cell Culture Techniques; Fetal Blood; Genetic Therapy; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Indoles; Mice; Pyrimidines; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; Regeneration; Small Molecule Libraries
PubMed: 25237102
DOI: 10.1126/science.1256337 -
Blood Oct 2021
Topics: Antigens, CD34; Cells, Cultured; Fetal Blood
PubMed: 34673952
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012725 -
European Review For Medical and... Feb 2021The aim of this study is to examine the maternal serum and cord blood irisin and preptin levels in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and correlate their levels with...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to examine the maternal serum and cord blood irisin and preptin levels in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and correlate their levels with demographic and biochemical parameters.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 21 pregnant women with GDM and 21 BMI and age-matched pregnant women without GDM were included in the study. They underwent 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) between 24-28th gestational weeks. Women with a GCT result higher than 140 mg/dl received 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Detection of one of the following criteria after OGTT was accepted as GDM: fasting plasma glucose level 92 mg/dL; 1-h plasma glucose level 180 mg/dL; and 2-h plasma glucose 153 mg/dL. Correlation between metabolic parameters and cord blood and maternal serum preptin and irisin levels in GDM and non-GDM subjects were analyzed.
RESULTS
Maternal serum preptin values of GDM subjects were similar to the serum preptin values of non-GDM control subjects (123.12±34.3 pg/mL vs. 112.02±12.0 pg/mL, p<0.23). Cord blood preptin levels of GDM (64.3±1.09 pg/mL vs. 123.12±34.3 pg/mL, p<0.03) and non-GDM subjects (59.2±021 pg/mL vs. 112.02±12.0 pg/mL, p<0.02) were significantly lower than the maternal serum preptin values. Serum preptin levels of GDM group were positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=0.33, p<0.04), but not with other parameters. Maternal serum irisin levels in the GDM group were lower than the non-GDM control group (5.32±0.44 µg/mL vs. 7.74±4.52 µg/mL, p<0.01). Cord blood irisin concentrations were found similar in women with GDM and non-GDM subjects (4.91±3.12 µg/mL vs. 5.01±2.14 µg/mL, p<0.14). Cord blood irisin levels of GDM subjects were similar to maternal serum irisin levels (4.91±3.12 µg/mL vs. 5.32±0.44 µg/mL, p<0.57). We found positive correlation between irisin concentration and fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and BMI in women with GDM. In subgroup analysis of 6 patients using insulin treatment, serum and cord blood irisin and preptin levels were similar to those that did not use insulin.
CONCLUSIONS
Maternal serum and cord blood preptin and irisin concentrations are regulated independently in women with GDM.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Fetal Blood; Fibronectins; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; Peptide Fragments; Pregnancy
PubMed: 33660805
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202102_25095 -
Biology of Blood and Marrow... Jul 2015Umbilical cord blood transplants are now used to treat numerous types of immune- and blood-related disorders and genetic diseases. Cord blood (CB) banks play an... (Review)
Review
Umbilical cord blood transplants are now used to treat numerous types of immune- and blood-related disorders and genetic diseases. Cord blood (CB) banks play an important role in these transplants by processing and storing CB units. In addition to their therapeutic potential, these banks raise ethical and regulatory questions, especially in emerging markets in the Arab world. In this article, the authors review CB banking in five countries in the region, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates, selected for their different CB banking policies and initiatives. In assessing these case studies, the authors present regional trends and issues, including religious perspectives, policies, and demographic risk factors. This research suggests strong incentives for increasing the number of CB units that are collected from and available to Arab populations. In addition, the deficit in knowledge concerning public opinion and awareness in the region should be addressed to ensure educated decision-making.
Topics: Arab World; Blood Banks; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; Fetal Blood; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 25687797
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.01.012 -
Experimental Hematology Apr 2011The past 20 years of experience with umbilical cord blood transplantation have demonstrated that cord blood is effective in the treatment of a spectrum of diseases,... (Review)
Review
The past 20 years of experience with umbilical cord blood transplantation have demonstrated that cord blood is effective in the treatment of a spectrum of diseases, including hematological malignancies, bone marrow failure, hemoglobinopathies, and inborn errors of metabolism. Cord blood can be obtained with ease and then safely cryopreserved for either public or private use without loss of viability. As compared to other unrelated donor cell sources, cord blood transplantation allows for greater human leukocyte antigen disparity without a corresponding increase in graft-vs.-host disease. Moreover, cord blood has a lower risk of transmitting infections by latent viruses and is less likely to carry somatic mutations than other adult cells. Recently, multiple populations of stem cells with primitive stem cell properties have been identified from cord blood. Meanwhile, there is an increasing interest in applying cord blood mononuclear cells or enriched stem cell populations to regenerative therapies. Accumulating evidence has suggested functional improvements after cord blood transplantation in various animal models for treatments of cardiac infarction, diabetes, neurological diseases, etc. In this review, we will summarize the most recent updates on clinical applications of cord blood transplantation and the promises and limitations of cell-based therapies for tissue repair and regeneration.
Topics: Blood Banks; Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; Fetal Blood; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Models, Biological; Regenerative Medicine
PubMed: 21238533
DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2011.01.002 -
Biology of Blood and Marrow... Sep 2015Since the first cord blood transplantation in 1988, umbilical cord blood has become an important option as a source of cells for hematopoietic transplantation. Beyond... (Review)
Review
Since the first cord blood transplantation in 1988, umbilical cord blood has become an important option as a source of cells for hematopoietic transplantation. Beyond its role in regenerating the blood and immune systems to treat blood diseases and inherited metabolic disorders, the role of nonhematopoietic progenitor cells in cord blood has led to new and emerging uses of umbilical cord blood in regenerative therapy and immune modulation. In this review, we provide an update on the clinical and preclinical studies using cord blood-derived cells such as mesenchymal stromal cells, endothelial-like progenitor cells, and others. We also provide insight on the use of cord blood cells as vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic agents through gene therapy and microvesicle-associated strategies. Moreover, cord blood can provide essential reagents for regenerative applications. Clinical activity using cord blood cells is increasing rapidly and this review aims to provide an important update on the tremendous potential within this fast-moving field.
Topics: Allografts; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; Fetal Blood; Humans; Immunomodulation; Regenerative Medicine
PubMed: 26079441
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.05.022 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Diabetes during pregnancy is associated with elevated maternal insulin, leptin and IL-6. Within the placenta, IL-6 can further stimulate leptin production. Despite...
Diabetes during pregnancy is associated with elevated maternal insulin, leptin and IL-6. Within the placenta, IL-6 can further stimulate leptin production. Despite structural similarities and shared roles in inflammation, leptin and IL-6 have contrasting effects on neurodevelopment, and the relative importance of maternal diabetes or chorioamnionitis on fetal hormone exposure has not been defined. We hypothesized that there would be a positive correlation between IL-6 and leptin with progressively increased levels in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes and chorioamnionitis. To test this hypothesis, cord blood samples were obtained from 104 term infants, including 47 exposed to maternal diabetes. Leptin, insulin, and IL-6 were quantified by multiplex assay. Factors independently associated with hormone levels were identified by univariate and multivariate linear regression. Unlike IL-6, leptin and insulin were significantly increased by maternal diabetes. Maternal BMI and birth weight were independent predictors of leptin and insulin with birth weight the strongest predictor of leptin. Clinically diagnosed chorioamnionitis and neonatal sepsis were associated with increased IL-6 but not leptin. Among appropriate for gestational age infants without sepsis, IL-6 and leptin were strongly correlated (R=0.6, P<0.001). In summary, maternal diabetes and birth weight are associated with leptin while chorioamnionitis is associated with IL-6. The constraint of the positive association between leptin and IL-6 to infants without sepsis suggests that the term infant and placenta may have a limited capacity to increase cord blood levels of the neuroprotective hormone leptin in the presence of increased cord blood levels of the potential neurotoxin IL-6.
Topics: Chorioamnionitis; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Interleukin-6; Leptin; Pregnancy
PubMed: 35197933
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.836541 -
Blood Jul 2013Umbilical cord blood is an alternative hematopoietic stem cell source for patients with hematologic diseases who can be cured by allogeneic hematopoietic cell... (Review)
Review
Umbilical cord blood is an alternative hematopoietic stem cell source for patients with hematologic diseases who can be cured by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Initially, umbilical cord blood transplantation was limited to children, given the low cell dose infused. Both related and unrelated cord blood transplants have been performed with high rates of success for a variety of hematologic disorders and metabolic storage diseases in the pediatric setting. The results for adult umbilical cord blood transplantation have improved, with greater emphasis on cord blood units of sufficient cell dose and human leukocyte antigen match and with the use of double umbilical cord blood units and improved supportive care techniques. Cord blood expansion trials have recently shown improvement in time to engraftment. Umbilical cord blood is being compared with other graft sources in both retrospective and prospective trials. The growth of the field over the last 25 years and the plans for future exploration are discussed.
Topics: Adult; Child; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; Fetal Blood; Hematologic Diseases; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Infant, Newborn
PubMed: 23673863
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-02-453175 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2021Human umbilical cord blood (UCB) represents a valuable source of hematopoietic stem cells, particularly for patients lacking a matching donor. UCB provides practical... (Review)
Review
Human umbilical cord blood (UCB) represents a valuable source of hematopoietic stem cells, particularly for patients lacking a matching donor. UCB provides practical advantages, including a lower risk of graft-versus-host-disease and permissive human leukocyte antigen mismatching. These advantageous properties have so far been applied for stem cell, mesenchymal stromal cell, and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies. However, UCB-derived professional antigen-presenting cells are increasingly being utilized in the context of immune tolerance and regenerative therapy. Here, we review the cell-specific characteristics as well as recent advancements in UCB-based cell therapies focusing on dendritic cells, monocytes, B lymphocytes, innate lymphoid cells, and macrophages.
Topics: Antigen-Presenting Cells; B-Lymphocytes; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; Fetal Blood; Graft vs Host Disease; HLA Antigens; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Immunity, Innate
PubMed: 34072923
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115923 -
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal =... May 2022People are exposed to lead from car exhaust fumes (leaded petrol), lead-based paints, plumbing systems, cigarette smoking, contaminated soil and dust, foods grown in...
BACKGROUND
People are exposed to lead from car exhaust fumes (leaded petrol), lead-based paints, plumbing systems, cigarette smoking, contaminated soil and dust, foods grown in polluted areas, and water sources. Among the vulnerable subpopulations are pregnant women, fetuses and infants.
AIMS
To estimate and correlate maternal and neonatal blood lead levels and compare these between neonates and their mothers in Tripoli and Ghadames.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, blood was collected from 120 and 116 mothers and their neonates from Tripoli and Ghadames, respectively. Lead levels were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. A simple questionnaire was filled by the participants using face-to face interview. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20.0 and Excel.
RESULTS
Mean blood and umbilical cord lead levels were 6.83 (standard deviation 4.96) and 6.05 (4.89) µg/dl in mothers and neonates from Tripoli, respectively, and 5.91 (4.02) and 4.54 (4.09) µg/dl from Ghadames. There was no significant difference in blood lead level between mothers from Tripoli and Ghadames. However, there was a significant correlation between maternal blood and umbilical cord blood in Tripoli and Ghadames. Linear regression revealed that neonatal umbilical cord blood lead levels reflected the levels in maternal blood. Blood lead in this study was higher than that reported in industrialized western countries.
CONCLUSION
We detected moderate blood lead levels among pregnant women in Tripoli and Ghadames. It is important to detect the source of lead in the Libyan population to treat this problem effectively.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lead; Libya; Mothers; Pregnancy
PubMed: 35670439
DOI: 10.26719/emhj.22.020