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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020and are common bacteria of the human ear. They have frequently been isolated from the middle ear of children with otitis media (OM), though their potential role in... (Review)
Review
and are common bacteria of the human ear. They have frequently been isolated from the middle ear of children with otitis media (OM), though their potential role in this disease remains unclear and confounded due to their presence as commensal inhabitants of the external auditory canal. In this review, we summarize the current literature on these organisms with an emphasis on their role in OM. Much of the literature focuses on the presence and abundance of these organisms, and little work has been done to explore their activity in the middle ear. We find there is currently insufficient evidence available to determine whether these organisms are pathogens, commensals or contribute indirectly to the pathogenesis of OM. However, building on the knowledge currently available, we suggest future approaches aimed at providing stronger evidence to determine whether and are involved in the pathogenesis of OM. Such evidence will increase our understanding of the microbial risk factors contributing to OM and may lead to novel treatment approaches for severe and recurrent disease.
Topics: Bacteria; Carnobacteriaceae; Child; Corynebacterium; Humans; Otitis Media
PubMed: 32117817
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00051 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Oct 2023Turicella otitidis belongs to the Corynebacteriaceae family and is a normal inhabitant of the ear and exists in a commensal relationship with its host. In children, T....
Turicella otitidis belongs to the Corynebacteriaceae family and is a normal inhabitant of the ear and exists in a commensal relationship with its host. In children, T. otitidis is frequently associated with otitis media. The emergence of Turicella otitidis as a pathogen is concerning, particularly due to the limited availability of data on its pathogenic properties. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of T. otitidis infections occurring in both the ear and other anatomical sites, and to summarize the differences in metabolism and genome sequences between isolates obtained from the ear and blood.
Topics: Child; Humans; Virulence; Otitis Media; Corynebacterium; Actinomycetales
PubMed: 37891485
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08721-y -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2018The genus was proposed to harbor clinical strains isolated from middle-ear fluids of patients with otitis media. 16S rRNA phylogeny showed that it belonged to the...
The genus was proposed to harbor clinical strains isolated from middle-ear fluids of patients with otitis media. 16S rRNA phylogeny showed that it belonged to the mycolic acid-containing actinobacteria, currently classified in the order , and was closely related to the genus . A new genus was proposed for the organisms as unlike corynebacteria they lacked mycolic acids and had different menaquinones. Here, we carried out large-scale comparative genomics on representative strains of the genera and to check if this chemotaxonomic classification is justified. Three genes that are known to play an essential role in mycolic acid biosynthesis were absent in and two other mycolate-less spp., explaining the lack of mycolic acids resulted from the deletion of genes and does not confer any phylogenetic context. Polyphasic phylogenetic analyses using 16S rRNA, bacterial core genes and genes responsible for synthesizing menaquinones unequivocally indicate that is a true member of the genus . Here, we demonstrate that menaquinone and mycolic acid that have been used as critical taxonomic markers should be interpreted carefully, particularly when genome-based taxonomy is readily available. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, we propose to reclassify as comb. nov.
PubMed: 29760685
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00834 -
BMJ Case Reports Jul 2021A 10-year-old boy treated for alkali injury with multiple interventions presented with a perforated corneal ulcer with clinically suspected bacterial aetiology. Cornea...
A 10-year-old boy treated for alkali injury with multiple interventions presented with a perforated corneal ulcer with clinically suspected bacterial aetiology. Cornea scraping and tissue adhesive application were planned. During surgery, an eyelash was found embedded at the perforated site. Gram staining of corneal scraping revealed the presence of Gram-positive bacilli on the first day which later was identified as with culture followed by VITEK V.2.0 (Biomerieux) identification. The bacterium was found to be sensitive to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin and vancomycin antibiotics as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Coryneform bacteria is a rare cause of keratitis, and this is the first reported case of microbial keratitis caused by one of the rare corynebacterium species to the best of our knowledge. Literature search does not reveal any specific ocular features typical to this organism. This case supports the growing evidence for pathogenicity of in ocular samples. This study demonstrates the utility of VITEK for the identification of rare pathogen and may facilitate the use of certain antibiotics in the treatment regimen of infections.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Corynebacterium; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Humans; Keratitis; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Ofloxacin
PubMed: 34210697
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-241371 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Jun 2021
Topics: Corynebacterium; Humans; Otitis
PubMed: 33715319
DOI: 10.37201/req/144.2020 -
BMC Ophthalmology Apr 2020Endophthalmitis is a rare but potentially devastating complication of intravitreal injection. The causative organism plays an important role in prognosis following...
BACKGROUND
Endophthalmitis is a rare but potentially devastating complication of intravitreal injection. The causative organism plays an important role in prognosis following endophthalmitis. Here we present the first reported case of Turicella otitidis endophthalmitis, which is notable for a delayed presentation.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 71 year old male who was receiving intravitreal aflibercept injections for neovascular age-related macular degeneration presented 4 weeks after his most recent intravitreal injection and was found to have endophthalmitis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of aqueous fluid was positive for Turicella otitidis. The endophthalmitis responded well to treatment with intravitreal antibiotics.
CONCLUSIONS
Coryneform bacteria are a rare cause of endophthalmitis, and this is the first reported case of endophthalmitis caused by the corynebacterium species Turicella otitidis. As in this case, post-intravitreal injection endophthalmitis may have a bacterial etiology even with delayed presentation. The relatively indolent disease course and excellent response to intravitreal antibiotics is consistent with previous ophthalmic reports regarding other corynebacteria, as well as with otolaryngology and hematology oncology reports addressing Turicella otitidis specifically. This case supports the growing body of evidence for pathogenicity of Turicella otitidis and demonstrates the utility of PCR for diagnosis in small volume aqueous specimens.
Topics: Aged; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aqueous Humor; Ceftazidime; Choroidal Neovascularization; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium Infections; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endophthalmitis; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Intravitreal Injections; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Postoperative Complications; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Slit Lamp Microscopy; Vancomycin; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Visual Acuity; Wet Macular Degeneration
PubMed: 32276621
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01412-1 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Oct 2023
Topics: Child; Humans; Corynebacterium; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Bacteremia
PubMed: 37462015
DOI: 10.37201/req/126.2022 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Aug 2021
Topics: Corynebacterium; Exudates and Transudates; Humans; Otitis Media
PubMed: 34081421
DOI: 10.37201/req/011.2021 -
MSystems Apr 2021Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) has been associated with a shift in microbiome composition and microbial interaction in the upper respiratory tract (URT). While...
Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) has been associated with a shift in microbiome composition and microbial interaction in the upper respiratory tract (URT). While most studies have focused on potential pathogens, this study aimed to find bacteria that could be protective against OME through a case-control microbiome study and characterization of isolates from healthy subjects. The URT and ear microbiome profiles of 70 chronic OME patients and 53 controls were compared by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. was the most frequent classic middle ear pathobiont. However, other taxa, especially , were also frequently detected in the ear canal of OME patients. Streptococci of the group and were more abundant in the nasopharynx of healthy controls than in OME patients. In addition to the microbiome analysis, 142 taxa were isolated from healthy individuals, and 79 isolates of 13 different species were tested for their pathobiont-inhibiting potential. Of these, isolates showed a superior capacity to inhibit the growth of , , , , , , and strains thus show potential as a probiotic for prevention or treatment of OME based on their overrepresentation in the healthy nasopharynx and their ability to inhibit the growth of respiratory pathobionts. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT03109496.) The majority of probiotics marketed today target gastrointestinal health. This study searched for bacteria native to the human upper respiratory tract, with a beneficial potential for respiratory and middle ear health. Comparison of the microbiomes of children with chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) and of healthy controls identified as a health-associated and prevalent inhabitant of the human nasopharynx. However, beneficial potential should be assessed at strain level. Here, we also isolated specific strains from the healthy individuals in our study. These isolates showed a beneficial safety profile and efficacy potential to inhibit OME pathogens These properties will now have to be evaluated and confirmed in human clinical studies.
PubMed: 33879499
DOI: 10.1128/mSystems.00056-21 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jan 2003Molecular-phylogenetic sequence analyses have provided a new perspective on microbial communities by allowing the detection and identification of constituent...
Molecular-phylogenetic sequence analyses have provided a new perspective on microbial communities by allowing the detection and identification of constituent microorganisms in the absence of cultivation. In this study we used broad-specificity amplification of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes to survey organisms present in the human outer ear canal. Samples were obtained from 24 individuals, including members of three extended families, in order to survey the resident microbiota and to examine microbial population structures in individuals related by familial or household associations. To examine the stability of the microbial populations, one individual was sampled four times and another twice over a 14-month period. We found that a distinct set of microbial types was present in the majority of the subjects sampled. The two most prevalent rDNA sequence types that were identified in multiple individuals corresponded closely to those of Alloiococcus otitis and Corynebacterium otitidis, commonly thought to be associated exclusively with infections of the middle ear. Our results suggest, therefore, that the outer ear canal may serve as a reservoir for normally commensal microbes that can contribute to pathogenesis upon introduction into the middle ear. Alternatively, culture analyses of diseases of the middle ear may have been confounded by these contaminating commensal organisms.
Topics: Bacteria; Cell Culture Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Ear Canal; Humans; RNA, Ribosomal; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 12517864
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.1.295-303.2003