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Journal of Neuroinflammation Sep 2020Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death globally. The narrow time window for administering effective thrombolytic therapy motivates the search for...
BACKGROUND
Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death globally. The narrow time window for administering effective thrombolytic therapy motivates the search for alternative prevention strategies. Microglia and astrocyte activation-mediated inflammation play a pivotal role in ischemic stroke injury. Cottonseed oil (CSO) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects against peripheral tissue injury, although CSO is mostly used as a solvent for lipid-soluble drugs. However, the role of CSO in neuroprotection against stroke has not been previously reported.
METHODS
We treated adult male rats with CSO (1.3 ml/kg, subcutaneous injection, once every other day for 3 weeks) and then constructed a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Then, we measured the neurological scores, infarction volume, neuronal injury, and brain edema; we also measured the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), degree of microglial and astrocytic activation, protein expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), C3d and S100A10, and the presence of A1 type astrocytes and A2 type astrocytes.
RESULTS
We found that CSO treatment significantly improved the neurological deficit, reduced infarction volume, and alleviated neuronal injuries, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and brain edema. Additionally, CSO treatment significantly reduced microglial and astrocytic activation, inhibited TLR4 and NF-κB protein expression, and reduced the release of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Finally, CSO treatment significantly decreased the number of C3d/glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells and C3d protein expression, and increased the number of S100A10/GFAP-positive cells and S100A10 protein expression.
CONCLUSION
Our results first found that CSO treatment alleviated ischemic stroke injury by reducing microglial and astrocytic activation and inflammation, which was related to the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway and the reduction of A1 phenotype neurotoxic astrocyte activation, suggesting that CSO could be a new strategy in the prevention of ischemic stroke.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cottonseed Oil; Cytokines; Inflammation; Ischemic Stroke; Male; Microglia; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 32917229
DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01946-7 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2022Upland cotton () is the world's leading fiber crop and one of the most important oilseed crops. Genetic improvement of cotton has primarily focused on fiber yield and... (Review)
Review
Upland cotton () is the world's leading fiber crop and one of the most important oilseed crops. Genetic improvement of cotton has primarily focused on fiber yield and quality. However, there is an increased interest and demand for enhanced cottonseed traits, including protein, oil, fatty acids, and amino acids for broad food, feed and biofuel applications. As a byproduct of cotton production, cottonseed is an important source of edible oil in many countries and could also be a vital source of protein for human consumption. The focus of cotton breeding on high yield and better fiber quality has substantially reduced the natural genetic variation available for effective cottonseed quality improvement within Upland cotton. However, genetic variation in cottonseed oil and protein content exists within the genus of and cultivated cotton. A plethora of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) (associated with cottonseed oil, fatty acids, protein and amino acids) have been identified, providing important information for genetic improvement of cottonseed quality. Genetic engineering in cotton through RNA interference and insertions of additional genes of other genetic sources, in addition to the more recent development of genome editing technology has achieved considerable progress in altering the relative levels of protein, oil, fatty acid profile, and amino acids composition in cottonseed for enhanced nutritional value and expanded industrial applications. The objective of this review is to summarize and discuss the cottonseed oil biosynthetic pathway and major genes involved, genetic basis of cottonseed oil and protein content, genetic engineering, genome editing through CRISPR/Cas9, and QTLs associated with quantity and quality enhancement of cottonseed oil and protein.
PubMed: 35360295
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.864850 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2021Vegetable oils have their specific physicochemical properties due to which they are playing vital role in human nutritional diet for health benefits. Cottonseed oil is... (Review)
Review
Vegetable oils have their specific physicochemical properties due to which they are playing vital role in human nutritional diet for health benefits. Cottonseed oil is obtained from various species of cotton seeds that are famous to be grown mainly for their fiber quality. The most prominently used specie is Gossypium hirsutum. It is obvious that the seeds of different variety of cotton vary as grown in diverse agroclimatic conditions with respect to oil, fats and protein contents. Cottonseed oil is routinely used for cooking and food manufacturing products. Cottonseed oil obtained after proper extraction/processing steps from crude state to refined oil in a variety of ways. Cotton crop is considered for their dual-use purpose, for fiber quality and oil production to promote health benefits in the world. Keeping in view the above facts, this review clearly demonstrated an overview about physicochemical and functional properties of cottonseed oil to promote health benefits associated with the use of this oil. The overall characteristics and all concerned health benefits of CSO will further improve their usefulness is a compact way. We have summarized a brief multi-dimensional features of CSO in all aspects up to the best of our knowledge for the end researchers who can further research in the respective aspect.
Topics: Cottonseed Oil; Gossypium; Health Promotion; Humans; Plant Oils; Seeds
PubMed: 34378680
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.243511 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Jul 2020Plants consist of triterpenoids such as phytosterols (PT) (CHO) with steroidal nuclei, including sitosterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol and campesterol. They are... (Review)
Review
Plants consist of triterpenoids such as phytosterols (PT) (CHO) with steroidal nuclei, including sitosterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol and campesterol. They are hydrophobic but soluble in alcohol and other organic solvents and are isolated from industrial waste deodorizer distillates of various edible oil industries. They exist as free PT or their ester derivatives in soybean, rice, wheat, oat, cottonseed and corn fiber, and other cereals and grains. Conventional isolation techniques such as solvent extraction, distillation, evaporative fractionation, saponification and chemical esterification are employed for isolation and purification of PT. The present article reviews the various advanced separation techniques like solvent crystallization, supercritical fluid extraction, high speed counter-current chromatography and enzymatic process as strategic methods to isolate and purify sterols.
PubMed: 32549589
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04209-3 -
Heliyon Nov 2022The aim of this paper is to provide a review of the most promising opportunities for sustainable biofuel generations in Bangladesh. Many researchers provide their... (Review)
Review
The aim of this paper is to provide a review of the most promising opportunities for sustainable biofuel generations in Bangladesh. Many researchers provide their opinions with their experimental results, but there has been no overall statistics and potentiality for the sustainable production of biofuel such as bioethanol and biodiesel in Bangladesh. The paper reviews the recent statistical conditions and the potential of biodiesel and bioethanol production in Bangladesh compared to other countries. Basically, the paper focuses on the potentiality of various biofuel feedstocks like as soybean oil, mustard oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, coconut oil, algae, rubber seed oil, jatropha, karanja oil, castor, bahera, neem, rice bran oil, pitraj and also different types of residues, crops, fruits, wastes. Among these reviewed papers, it is revealed that Bangladesh can generate annually about 0.16 million tons of edible oil. In addition, Bangladesh has the ability to produce about 1001881 tons of biodiesel from 2387500 tons of non-edible oil. Also, 0.04 million metric tons of biodiesel can be made from rubber seed oil. On the other hand, about 32 metric tons of bioethanol from 65.36 metric tons of agricultural crop residues, and about 143670082.36 gallons of bioethanol from 10.22 million metric tons of potato that is enough to meet the demand of 5% bioethanol blend annually. Furthermore, Bangladesh can produce 31.65 million metric tons of bioethanol from rice residue and 1.34 million metric tons of crude rice bran oil from rice husk of the paddy. It is conjectured that these annual production of various feedstocks can be used as major sources of biofuel and also can meet the demands of biofuel in Bangladesh.
PubMed: 36353152
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11213 -
Brain and Behavior Oct 2023Ferroptosis has recently been recognized as a new cause of ischemia reperfusion injury due to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption followed by secondary iron-loaded...
INTRODUCTION
Ferroptosis has recently been recognized as a new cause of ischemia reperfusion injury due to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption followed by secondary iron-loaded transferrin (TF) influx. As a novel and independent cell death pathway, ferroptosis was characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, decline of GSH, GPX4, and shrinking mitochondria. Cottonseed oil (CSO), a liposoluble solvent, can alleviate ischemia stroke injuries and oxidative stress. However, the effect of CSO on ischemic stroke-induced ferroptosis has not been explored. In this study, we investigated the effect of CSO on ferroptosis caused by cerebral ischemic injury in rats.
METHODS
We conducted the subcutaneous injection of 1.3 mL/kg CSO every other day for 3 weeks on rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO-R) injury. We used Garcia Test, TTC staining, HE, Nissl and NeuN staining, Evans blue test, Ga-citrate PET, Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, Elisa kits, and transmission electron microscopy to detect the infarct volume, neural injuries, and ferroptosis-related indexes.
RESULTS
CSO treatment could significantly ameliorate MCAO-R-induced neurological dysfunction in a male rat model. Furthermore, it reduced infarct volume and neuronal injuries; protected BBB integrity; reduced the influx of iron ion, TF, and TF receptors; up-regulated anti-ferroptosis proteins (GPX4, xCT, HO1, FTH1), while down-regulating ferroptosis-related protein ACSL4; increased the activity of GSH and SOD; and decreased MDA and LPO levels. Mitochondrial destruction induced by ischemic stroke was also alleviated by CSO treatment.
CONCLUSION
CSO treatment can alleviate ischemic stroke injury via ferroptosis inhibition, which provides a new potential therapeutic mechanism for CSO neuroprotection against ischemic stroke.
PubMed: 37480159
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3179 -
Journal of Oleo Science Sep 2022Blend oils composed by leaf lard (LL) and cottonseed oil stearin (COS) were prepared and the thermal property, microstructure and crystallization of these blends were...
Blend oils composed by leaf lard (LL) and cottonseed oil stearin (COS) were prepared and the thermal property, microstructure and crystallization of these blends were investigated in the present study. Solid fat content (SFC), thermal behaviors, triacylglycerols composition, crystal structure and morphology of the LL and COS blends were determined by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (pNMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and polarized light microscope (PLM), respectively. SFC profiles and iso-solid diagrams indicated that SFCs of all blends were almost close to the weighted averages of the fat components at temperatures beyond 20°C; however, below 20°C, SFCs of blends exhibited higher than those of the weighted averages of the fat components. With the content of COS increasing, palmitic acid and linoleic acid in the blends increased, while stearic acid and oleic acid decreased; monounsaturated-disaturated (USS) and triunsaturated (UUU) glycerides in the blends enhanced, while monosaturated-diunsaturated (UUS) glycerides declined. The melting temperature of the blends decreased with the increase of COS content. The crystal forms in LL were β' and β, and the packing pattern was double and triple chain length (2L and 3L). With COS in blends increasing, β' form crystals and 3L pattern reduced. Polarized light micrographs showed that the number of crystal particles in the blends raised with the increase of COS content, meanwhile, the grainsize of the sample gradually decreased. Visual appearances of the blends indicated that blending LL with COS could efficiently reduce the graininess of LL. The addition of COS had a significant effect on the crystallization behavior of LL. LL presented one-step crystallization at 10°C and 20°C, while COS showed two-step crystallization at 10°C and one-step crystallization at 20°C. However, the blends exhibited obvious two-step crystallization at 10°C, one-step or slight two-step crystallization at 20°C.
Topics: Cottonseed Oil; Crystallization; Dietary Fats; Glycerides; Linoleic Acid; Oleic Acid; Palm Oil; Palmitic Acid; Plant Leaves; Plant Oils; Triglycerides
PubMed: 36089396
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22017 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022Common "glanded" (Gd) cottonseeds contain the toxic compound gossypol that restricts human consumption of the derived products. The "glandless" (Gl) cottonseeds of a new...
Common "glanded" (Gd) cottonseeds contain the toxic compound gossypol that restricts human consumption of the derived products. The "glandless" (Gl) cottonseeds of a new cotton variety, in contrast, show a trace gossypol content, indicating the great potential of cottonseed for agro-food applications. This work comparatively evaluated the chemical composition and thermogravimetric behaviors of the two types of cottonseed kernels. In contrast to the high gossypol content (3.75 g kg) observed in Gd kernels, the gossypol level detected in Gl kernels was only 0.06 g kg, meeting the FDA's criteria as human food. While the gossypol gland dots in Gd kernels were visually observed, scanning electron microcopy was not able to distinguish the microstructural difference between ground Gd and Gl samples. Chemical analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that Gl kernels and Gd kernels had similar chemical components and mineral contents, but the former was slightly higher in protein, starch, and phosphorus contents. Thermogravimetric (TG) processes of both kernels and their residues after hexane and ethanol extraction were based on three stages of drying, de-volatilization, and char formation. TG-FTIR analysis revealed apparent spectral differences between Gd and Gl samples, as well as between raw and extracted cottonseed kernel samples, indicating that some components in Gd kernels were more susceptible to thermal decomposition than Gl kernels. The TG and TG-FTIR observations suggested that the Gl kernels could be heat treated (e.g., frying and roasting) at an optimal temperature of 140-150 °C for food applications. On the other hand, optimal pyrolysis temperatures would be much higher (350-500 °C) for Gd cottonseed and its defatted residues for non-food bio-oil and biochar production. The findings from this research enhance the potential utilization of Gd and Gl cottonseed kernels for food applications.
Topics: Gossypium; Gossypol; Humans; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Seeds; Spectrum Analysis; Thermogravimetry
PubMed: 35011547
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010316 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Dec 2016Lipids are the concentrated source of energy, fat soluble vitamins, essential fatty acids, carriers of flavours and many bio-active compounds with important role in... (Review)
Review
Lipids are the concentrated source of energy, fat soluble vitamins, essential fatty acids, carriers of flavours and many bio-active compounds with important role in maintaining physiological functions of biological body. Moringa oleifera is native to Himalaya and widely grown in many Asian and African countries with seed oil content range from 35-40%. Moringa oleifera oil (MOO) has light yellow colour with mild nutty flavour and fatty acids composition suggests that MOO is highly suitable for both edible and non-edible applications. MOO is extremely resistant to autoxidation which can be used as an antioxidant for the long term stabilization of commercial edible oils. Thermal stability of MOO is greater than soybean, sunflower, canola and cottonseed oils. High oleic contents of MOO are believed to have the capability of increasing beneficial HDL cholesterol and decreased the serum cholesterol and triglycerides. MOO applications have also been explored in cosmetics, folk medicines and skin care formulations. Overall, this review focuses on commercial production status, food applications, antioxidant characteristics, health benefits, thermal stability, fractionation, cholesterol contents, medicinal, nutraceutical action, toxicological evaluation, biodiesel production, personal care formulations and future perspectives of the MOO for the stake holders to process and utilize MOO as a new source of edible oil for industrial purpose.
Topics: Antioxidants; Fatty Acids; Humans; Moringa oleifera; Plant Oils; Seeds
PubMed: 27931216
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0379-0 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jan 2021Antinutrients, such as cyclopropene fatty acids (CPFAs) and free gossypol (FG), present together in cottonseed have caused numerous adverse effects on liver health and...
Antinutrients, such as cyclopropene fatty acids (CPFAs) and free gossypol (FG), present together in cottonseed have caused numerous adverse effects on liver health and egg quality of laying hens, which are both likely to be related to a disturbance in lipid metabolism. This experiment employed a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement using corn-soybean-meal-based diets supplemented with different levels of cottonseed oil (0%, 2%, or 4% CSO) containing CPFAs and cottonseed meal (0%, 6%, or 12% CSM) containing FG to elucidate the effects of them or their interaction on fatty acid profile, lipid content, and liver health of laying hens. An overall increase in fatty acid saturation and an overall significant decrease ( < 0.05) in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were shown in the livers of hens fed diets with either 2% or 4% CSO. Meanwhile, the concentration of liver cholesterol, serum cholesterol, and serum LDL-c of hens fed a diet supplemented with a high level of CSO (4%) were noticeably increased ( < 0.05). Even though the supplementation of 4% CSO in diets aroused beneficial influences on liver function, a high level of CSO inclusion in laying hens' diets is not recommended due to its hypercholesterolemia effect. In conclusion, supplementation of CSO, which contains 0.20% CPFAs, was the primary cause of alteration in fatty acid composition and cholesterol content in hens, while no interaction between CSM and CSO nor CSM effect was found for lipid profile and liver health in laying hen.
PubMed: 33406775
DOI: 10.3390/ani11010078